1
|
Umstattd Meyer MR, Houghtaling B, Wende ME, Kheshaifaty KH, Delgado H, Eze SA, Mecate C, Summerall Woodward R, Morgan RL, Krey KJ. A scoping review of policies to encourage breastfeeding, healthy eating, and physical activity among rural people and places in the United States. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2160. [PMID: 39123168 PMCID: PMC11313091 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural U.S. residents experience a disproportionate burden of diet and physical activity (PA) related chronic disease compared to urban residents, due to resource and economic challenges. Diverse policy approaches for chronic disease prevention have been implemented to address barriers to breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe policy supports for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA occurring in rural U.S. areas. METHODS A scoping review was conducted March-June 2020 to identify policy, systems, and environment change approaches occurring in the rural U.S. for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Search procedures were guided by the PRISMA-ScR, Arksey and O'Malley's work (2007), and a science librarian. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Agricola were used to identify peer-reviewed research. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I were used to identify dissertation research. Grey literature searches included Google, Google Scholar, government pages, and public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Policy results are reported and inclusion criteria were: (1) breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA focus; (2) about policy factors; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/places; and (4) English language. Outcomes (study/source design, objective(s), methods/measurement, setting, population characteristics, behavioral focus, policy-specific results) were extracted into a standardized Excel document. RESULTS Results include 122 total sources: original research, with some sources referencing multiple behaviors, (n = 74 sources: 8 breastfeeding, 41 healthy eating, 42 PA), grey literature (n = 45 sources: 16 breastfeeding, 15 healthy eating, 27 PA), and graduate research (n = 3 sources: 1 breastfeeding, 2 healthy eating, 1 PA). Breastfeeding policy initiatives included policies or programs at hospitals, increasing access to resources, and improving culture or norms at workplaces. Healthy eating policy initiatives included increasing access to healthy foods, reducing financial burden, implementing programs, food assistance programs, and healthy food prescriptions at healthcare facilities. PA policy initiatives focused on Complete Streets, joint or shared use efforts, Safe Routes to Schools, master plans for greenways, trails, and/or transportation, school health plans, and childcare/school standards. CONCLUSIONS Results from this scoping review compile and offer commentary on existing policy solutions to improve breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA in the rural U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | | | - Marilyn E Wende
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Khawlah H Kheshaifaty
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Haley Delgado
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie A Eze
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Cassady Mecate
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rebekah Summerall Woodward
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Kathy J Krey
- School of Education, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suh CK, Huliganga A, Collymore J, Desai N, Mora M, Hatchett L. Participants' Experiences With a Community Based Participatory Research Produce Prescription Program: Findings From a Qualitative Study. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:522-527. [PMID: 38345636 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241233094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore a food-insecure, low income, predominantly African American community's experiences with a produce prescription program (PPP). DESIGN Researchers conducted 3 focus groups and 4 individual interviews with Maywood Veggie Rx (VRxM) participants asking questions about the logistics of the program while also exploring ideas around health, food, and community. SETTING This produce prescription program took place in Maywood, Illinois which is an urban underserved community with 23.5 K people, most of whom are Black/African American (61%) and Hispanic (32%). PARTICIPANTS The 24 participants interviewed through focus groups and individual interviews were enrolled in the 2021-2022 VRxM program. Participants were mainly female, with only three participants being males. Ages ranged between 34 and 74 years of age with a mean age of 56.3. METHOD Qualitative data from transcripts were then coded via a grounded theory approach to identify common themes. RESULTS A research team of seven including the two Co-PIs, three medical students and two dietetic interns identified 278 codes which were then condensed into 117 codes and then placed into 9 categories. Researchers identified three recurrent themes among the experiences of VRxM participants: (1) trust building, (2) culturally relevant and adaptive nutrition education, and (3) bidirectional feedback. These three themes mirror many of the principles of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR). CONCLUSION The study findings identify common themes among the experiences of VRxM which are in line with the collaborative approach of CBPR principles. Produce Prescription Programs should utilize CBPR principles in the creation and implementation of programming to improve the participant experience. Future research should include additional focus groups on new iterations of VRxM and should also include those people who chose not to participate in VRxM to explore barriers to participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naomi Desai
- Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mary Mora
- Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cunningham-Sabo L, Tagtow A, Mi S, Engelken J, Johnston K, Herman DR. Partnerships and Community Engagement Key to Policy, Systems, and Environmental Achievements for Healthy Eating and Active Living: a Systematic Mapping Review. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E54. [PMID: 36007254 PMCID: PMC9480846 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change approaches frequently address healthy eating and active living (HEAL) priorities. However, the health effects of PSE HEAL initiatives are not well known because of their design complexity and short duration. Planning and evaluation frameworks can guide PSE activities to generate collective impact. We applied a systematic mapping review to the Individual plus PSE Conceptual Framework for Action (I+PSE) to describe characteristics, achievements, challenges, and evaluation strategies of PSE HEAL initiatives. METHODS We identified peer-reviewed articles published from January 2009 through January 2021 by using CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CAB Abstracts databases. Articles describing implementation and results of PSE HEAL initiatives were included. Activities were mapped against I+PSE components to identify gaps in evaluation efforts. RESULTS Independent reviewers examined 437 titles and abstracts; 52 peer-reviewed articles met all inclusion criteria. Twenty-four focused on healthy eating, 5 on active living, and 23 on HEAL. Descriptive analyses identified federal funding of initiatives (typically 1-3 years), multisector settings, and mixed-methods evaluation strategies as dominant characteristics. Only 11 articles reported on initiatives that used a formal planning and evaluation framework. Achievements focused on partnership development, individual behavior, environmental or policy changes, and provision of technical assistance. Challenges included lack of local coalition and community engagement in initiatives and evaluation activities and insufficient time and resources to accomplish objectives. The review team noted vague or absent descriptions of evaluation activities, resulting in questionable characterizations of processes and outcomes. Although formation of partnerships was the most commonly reported accomplishment, I+PSE mapping revealed a lack of engagement assessment and its contributions toward initiative impact. CONCLUSION PSE HEAL initiatives reported successes in multiple areas but also challenges related to partnership engagement and community buy-in. These 2 areas are essential for the success of PSE HEAL initiatives and need to be adequately evaluated so improvements can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, 1571 Campus Delivery, 234 Gifford Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523. .,Colorado School of Public Health, Community and Behavioral Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Sirui Mi
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jessa Engelken
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Nutritional Sciences Program, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiaya Johnston
- Colorado State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dena R Herman
- University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.,California State University Northridge, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Northridge, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur R, Winkler MR, John S, DeAngelo J, Dombrowski RD, Hickson A, Sundermeir SM, Kasprzak CM, Bode B, Hill AB, Lewis EC, Colon-Ramos U, Munch J, Witting LL, Odoms-Young A, Gittelsohn J, Leone LA. Forms of Community Engagement in Neighborhood Food Retail: Healthy Community Stores Case Study Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6986. [PMID: 35742235 PMCID: PMC9222525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community engagement is well established as a key to improving public health. Prior food environment research has largely studied community engagement as an intervention component, leaving much unknown about how food retailers may already engage in this work. The purpose of this study was to explore the community engagement activities employed by neighborhood food retailers located in lower-income communities with explicit health missions to understand the ways stores involve and work with their communities. A multiple case study methodology was utilized among seven retailers in urban U.S. settings, which collected multiple sources of data at each retailer, including in-depth interviews, store manager sales reports, store observations using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Stores, public documents, and websites. Across-case analysis was performed following Stake's multiple case study approach. Results indicated that retailers employed a wide variety of forms of community engagement within their communities, including Outreach, Building Relationships through Customer Relations, Giving Back, Partnering with Community Coalitions, and Promoting Community Representation and Inclusiveness. Strategies that built relationships through customer relations were most common across stores; whereas few stores demonstrated community inclusiveness where members participated in store decision making. Findings provide a more comprehensive view of the ways local food retailers aim to develop and sustain authentic community relationships. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of community engagement activities on improving community health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Megan R. Winkler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Sara John
- Center for Science in the Public Interest, 1250 I St NW, Floor 5, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (S.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Julia DeAngelo
- Departments of Health Policy Management & Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Rachael D. Dombrowski
- Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (R.D.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Ashley Hickson
- Center for Science in the Public Interest, 1250 I St NW, Floor 5, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (S.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Samantha M. Sundermeir
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.S.); (E.C.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Christina M. Kasprzak
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (C.M.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Bree Bode
- Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (R.D.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Alex B. Hill
- Urban Studies and Planning and Detroit Food Map Initiative, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Emma C. Lewis
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.S.); (E.C.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Uriyoan Colon-Ramos
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (U.C.-R.); (L.L.W.)
| | - Jake Munch
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - Lillian L. Witting
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (U.C.-R.); (L.L.W.)
| | - Angela Odoms-Young
- Division of Nutritional Science, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.S.); (E.C.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Lucia A. Leone
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (C.M.K.); (L.A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abildso CG, Perry CK, Jacobs L, Umstattd Meyer MR, McClendon M, Edwards MB, Roemmich JN, Ramsey Z, Stout M. What Sets Physically Active Rural Communities Apart from Less Active Ones? A Comparative Case Study of Three US Counties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10574. [PMID: 34682319 PMCID: PMC8535724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural US communities experience health disparities, including a lower prevalence of physical activity (PA). However, "Positive Deviants"-rural communities with greater PA than their peers-exist. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that help create physically active rural US communities. METHODS Stakeholder interviews, on-site intercept interviews, and in-person observations were used to form a comparative case study of two rural counties with high PA prevalence (HPAs) and one with low PA prevalence (LPA) from a southern US state, selected based on rurality and adult PA prevalence. Interview transcripts were inductively coded by three readers, resulting in a thematic structure that aligned with a Community Capital Framework, which was then used for deductive coding and analysis. RESULTS Fifteen stakeholder interviews, nine intercept interviews, and on-site observations were conducted. Human and Organizational Capital differed between the HPAs and LPA, manifesting as Social, Built, Financial, and Political Capital differences and a possible "spiraling-up" or cyclical effect through increasing PA and health (Human Capital), highlighting a potential causal model for future study. CONCLUSIONS Multi-organizational PA coalitions may hold promise for rural PA by directly influencing Human and Organizational Capital in the short term and the other forms of capital in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan G. Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Cynthia K. Perry
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Lauren Jacobs
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, College of Education and Human Development, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - M. Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (M.R.U.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Megan McClendon
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (M.R.U.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael B. Edwards
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - James N. Roemmich
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA;
| | - Zachary Ramsey
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Margaret Stout
- Department of Public Administration, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung Y, Burson SL, Julien C, Bray DF, Castelli DM. Development of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention Using an Integrated Approach: Project SMART. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648625. [PMID: 34484025 PMCID: PMC8414413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is a health-protective factor with multiple benefits for school-age children, yet only 22% of children and adolescents living in the United States (United States) accrue the recommended amount of moderate to vigorous PA. Given the prevalence of insufficient PA among children, promoting and providing PA opportunities during the school day, especially when integrated into the curriculum and linked to the learning standards, is essential for children. The purpose of this paper is to describe the procedure for the development of a school-based PA program using an integrated approach through the modified intervention mapping protocol (IMP). A total of 22 physical education teachers and 167 children from five different elementary schools were involved in the process. The procedure includes the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) that provides a theoretical framework that plays a vital role in motivating students to have a physically active lifestyle. This study applied SDT and IMP to develop and pilot a PA intervention called Project SMART using an integrative community participatory approach. As a pilot PA intervention, Project SMART is an online educational game where the students navigate a virtual journey across the United States A class’s aggregate PA propels the students on their journey, where standards-based modules are unlocked to achieve STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) and social-emotional learning outcomes while gaining an understanding of the importance of health behaviors and opportunities to habitually engage in healthy decision-making with the support of their peers. Although initially labor intensive for the researchers, the process of tailoring the intervention to the children’s contextual and cultural needs has implications for all theoretically grounded and evidence-based PA interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhak Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Sheri L Burson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Christine Julien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Dylan F Bray
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Darla M Castelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bantham A, Taverno Ross SE, Sebastião E, Hall G. Overcoming barriers to physical activity in underserved populations. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:64-71. [PMID: 33159937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence suggesting underserved populations, including racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with low socioeconomic status, are less likely to partake in sufficient amounts of physical activity (PA) at recommended levels. Communities of color and low-income individuals face institutional, societal, and environmental barriers that may prevent them from achieving adequate levels of PA. However, these communities also possess a wealth of knowledge, assets, and support that can be harnessed to help individuals meet PA guidelines. This paper outlines the barriers to PA and explores how to overcome them, drawing from case studies of successful, evidence-based interventions that use culturally- and linguistically- appropriate approaches to increase PA in underserved populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bantham
- Move to Live More, LLC, Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - Sharon E Taverno Ross
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Emerson Sebastião
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America
| | - Grenita Hall
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rural SNAP Participants and Food Insecurity: How Can Communities Leverage Resources to Meet the Growing Food Insecurity Status of Rural and Low-Income Residents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176037. [PMID: 32825144 PMCID: PMC7504289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The burden of obesity disproportionately influences poor health outcomes in rural communities in the United States. Various social and environmental factors contribute to inadequate food access and availability in rural areas, influencing dietary intakes and food insecurity rates. This study aims to identify patterns related to food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption within a SNAP-eligible and low-income, highly obese rural Appalachian community. A prospective cohort was implemented to identify gaps in resources addressing obesity and food insecurity challenges. SAS 9.4 software was used to examine differences in dietary intakes and shopping practices among SNAP participants. Among participants (n = 152), most reported an annual household income less than USD 20,000 (n = 90, 60.4%), 29.1% reported food insecurity, and 39.5% reported receiving SNAP benefits within the last month. The overall mean FV intake was 3.46 daily servings (95% CI: 3.06–3.91) among all participants. SNAP participation was associated with food insecurity (p = 0.007) and those participating in SNAP were two times more likely to report being food insecure (OR = 2.707, 95% CI: 1.317, 5.563), relative to non-participants. These findings further depict the need for intervention, as the burden of food insecurity persists. Tailoring health-promoting initiatives to consider rurality and SNAP participation is vital for sustainable success among these populations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kahin SA, Murriel AL, Pejavara A, O'Toole T, Petersen R. The High Obesity Program: A Collaboration Between Public Health and Cooperative Extension Services to Address Obesity. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E26. [PMID: 32198916 PMCID: PMC7085904 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.190283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahra A Kahin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS S107-5, Atlanta, GA 30341.
| | | | - Anu Pejavara
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ruth Petersen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|