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Fungal Flora in Adult Females of the Rearing Population of Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does It Differ from the Wild Population? DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles bore into host trees, and live with fungi symbiotically that serve as a food source. However, it is challenging to directly observe these beetles in the wild. In this study, Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of fig trees in Japan, were reared under artificial conditions to emulate the behavior of ambrosia beetle. Fungi were isolated from the adult females of E. interjectus to identify the species associated with secondary symbiosis. In total, nine filamentous fungi and one yeast were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. Neocosmospora metavorans (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), Fusarium sp. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), that is undescribed, and Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Saccharomycetes: Saccharomycetales) (yeast) were isolated more frequently from the head (including from mycangia, the fungus-carrying organ) than from the thorax and abdomen of adult beetles. Neocosmospora metavorans was the dominant species isolated from 12 out of 16 heads at 200 to 3300 CFUs/head, compared to the primary mycangia fungus from wild beetles, i.e., Fusarium kuroshium (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). Temperature had a marked effect on fungal growth in the three symbiont species. Our results represent a major paradigm shift in understanding beetle–fungal interactions, as they show specific symbiont switching can occur in different nesting places.
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Oak Decline Syndrome in Korean Forests: History, Biology, and Prospects for Korean Oak Wilt. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oak decline syndrome has been observed in South Korea and Japan and variously referred to as Korean oak wilt (KOW) and Japanese oak wilt (JOW). We reviewed aspects of the historical occurrence of KOW, disease cycle, and its potential causes. KOW has been seen principally in Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.). The first occurrence of KOW was in 2004 in Seongnam, South Korea. KOW is associated with the fungus Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, which is vectored by the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis. In addition, it has been suggested that yeasts have evolved a symbiotic relationship with the vector without antagonism for the pathogenic fungus. The number of trees in Korea killed by KOW increased to about 331,000 in 2011, but then decreased to about 157,000 in 2019. We hypothesized that trees infected by R. quercus-mongolicae accumulate phenolic compounds in the sapwood and the vector (P. koryoensis) beetles then avoid these trees. Therefore, the number of hosts available for the beetle after a KOW outbreak decrease due to accumulation of phenolic compounds in the wood, although most oak trees survive outbreaks. Therefore, P. koryoensis beetles move longer distances after outbreaks to find susceptible host trees. Novel occurrence of KOW in Korea may be due to either (1) an increase in tree age (size) in Korean oak stands, for which the beetle has a known preference or (2) climate change, which may be increasing the number of weakened or stressed trees, for which P. koryoensis also shows a preference.
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Šuchová K, Fehér C, Ravn JL, Bedő S, Biely P, Geijer C. Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yun W, Kumar JP, Lee S, Kim DS, Cho BK. Deep learning-based system development for black pine bast scale detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:606. [PMID: 35022444 PMCID: PMC8755754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of the loss of agricultural resources caused by pests is an important issue. Advances are being made in technologies, but current farm management methods and equipment have not yet met the level required for precise pest control, and most rely on manual management by professional workers. Hence, a pest detection system based on deep learning was developed for the automatic pest density measurement. In the proposed system, an image capture device for pheromone traps was developed to solve nonuniform shooting distance and the reflection of the outer vinyl of the trap while capturing the images. Since the black pine bast scale pest is small, pheromone traps are captured as several subimages and they are used for training the deep learning model. Finally, they are integrated by an image stitching algorithm to form an entire trap image. These processes are managed with the developed smartphone application. The deep learning model detects the pests in the image. The experimental results indicate that the model achieves an F1 score of 0.90 and mAP of 94.7% and suggest that a deep learning model based on object detection can be used for quick and automatic detection of pests attracted to pheromone traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsub Yun
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - J Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Near Vijayawada, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sangjoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kim
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, 672 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, 52817, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Malassigné S, Minard G, Vallon L, Martin E, Valiente Moro C, Luis P. Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081552. [PMID: 34442634 PMCID: PMC8399037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.
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Fungal mutualisms and pathosystems: life and death in the ambrosia beetle mycangia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3393-3410. [PMID: 33837831 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles and their microbial communities, housed in specialized structures termed mycangia, represent one of the oldest and most diverse systems of mutualism and parasitism described thus far. Comprised of core filamentous fungal members, but also including bacteria and yeasts, the mycangia represent a unique adaptation that allows beetles to store and transport their source of nutrition. Although perhaps the most ancient of "farmers," the nature of these interactions remains largely understudied, with the exception of a handful of emerging pathosystems, where the fungal partner acts as a potentially devastating tree pathogen. Such virulence is often seen during "invasions," where (invasive) beetles carrying the fungal symbiont/plant pathogen expand into new territories and presumably "naïve" trees. Here, we summarize recent findings on the phylogenetic relationships between beetles and their symbionts and advances in the developmental and genetic characterization of the mechanisms that underlie insect-fungal-plant interactions. Results on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic aspects of these relationships are described. Although many members of the fungal Raffaelea-beetle symbiont genera are relatively harmless to host trees, specialized pathosystems including wilt diseases of laurel and oak, caused by specific subspecies (R. lauricola and R. quercus, in the USA and East Asia, respectively), have emerged as potent plant pathogens capable of killing healthy trees. With the development of genetic tools, coupled to biochemical and microscopic techniques, the ambrosia beetle-fungal symbiont is establishing itself as a unique model system to study the molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie the convergences of symbioses, mutualism, parasitism, and virulence. KEY POINTS: • Fungal-beetle symbioses are diverse and ancient examples of microbial farming. • The mycangium is a specialized structure on insects that houses microbial symbionts. • Some beetle symbiotic fungi are potent plant pathogens vectored by the insect.
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Coelho ALS, Arraes AA, Abreu-Lima TLDE, Carreiro SC. Hydrolysis of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) flour by Candida homilentoma strains: effects of pH and temperature using Central Composite Rotatable Design. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180410. [PMID: 32667509 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on the evaluation of culture parameters on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam flour by Candida homilentoma strains. A 2-factor-5-level CCRD was used to evaluate the effect of pH and temperature on the hydrolysis process. For the S-47 strain, pH and both studied parameters were significant at 48 h and 96 h, respectively. Regarding S-81 strain, temperature was the only factor affecting the process, at 96 hours. The regression models were significant, and no lack of fit was observed for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana LetÍcia S Coelho
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Agelles A Arraes
- Programa de Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins/UFT, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lucas DE Abreu-Lima
- Programa de Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins/UFT, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Carreiro
- Programa de Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins/UFT, Palmas, TO, Brazil
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Ceriani-Nakamurakare E, Mc Cargo P, Gonzalez-Audino P, Ramos S, Carmarán C. New insights into fungal diversity associated with Megaplatypus mutatus: gut mycobiota. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Hadj Taieb K, Gharsallah H, Ksentini I, Leclerque A, Schuster C, Cheffi M, Naayma S, Triki MA, Ksantini M. Screening of biological activities of fungi associated with pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), infesting pistachio cultivations in Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1472-1485. [PMID: 31913566 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aimed to explore the enzymatic diversity, the entomopathogenic and the antimicrobial potentialities of fungi associated with the pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 40 isolates were screened for enzymatic diversity. Most of them, 92·5%, were able to produce at least two of the screened enzymes. Pathogenic assays performed on C. vestitus showed a high entomopathogenic activity of the isolates Ata_io_1 (A. tamarii), Fve_io_1 (F. verticillioides), Tpi_io_1 (T. pinophilus), Pal_io_1 (P. album), Pbi_io_2 (Penicillium bilaiae) and Pch_io_1 (P. chrysogenum), as based on mean mortality of C. vestitus. A screening of antimicrobial activity using well diffusion method showed that the isolates Tro_io_1 (T. pinophilus), Tat_io_1 (T. atroroseus) and Pch_io_1 (P. chrysogenum) presented the highest antibacterial activity. Furthermore, Mgu_io_1 (M. guilliermondii), Asc_io_1 (A. sclerotiorum), Ata_io_1 (A. tamarii), G. lavendula (Gla_io_1), Pva_io_1 (P. variotii), Pul_io_1 (P. ulaiense), Tat_io_1 (T. atroroseus) and Tro_io_1 (T. roseum) were active against at least two of the three tested fungal phytopathogens. CONCLUSIONS Fungal isolates representing entomopathogenic activity and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities can be considered as promising resources for biological pistachio trees protection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fungi associated with C. vestitus were investigated for detecting their potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hadj Taieb
- Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Meriem, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie.,Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - H Gharsallah
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - I Ksentini
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Leclerque
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - C Schuster
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - M Cheffi
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - S Naayma
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M A Triki
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M Ksantini
- Institut de l'Olivier, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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Hadj Taieb K, Gharsallah H, Ksentini I, Schuster C, Fernández‐Bravo M, Garrido‐Jurado I, Quesada‐Moraga E, Leclerque A, Triki M, Ksantini M. Phytopathogenic and antagonistic potentialities of fungi associated with pistachio bark beetle,
Chaetoptelius vestitus
(Coleoptera, Curculionidae), infesting pistachio (
Pistacia vera
) in Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1821-1834. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hadj Taieb
- Université de Sousse Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Meriem Sousse Tunisie
- Université de Sfax Institut de l'Olivier Sfax Tunisie
| | - H. Gharsallah
- Université de Sfax Institut de l'Olivier Sfax Tunisie
| | - I. Ksentini
- Université de Sfax Institut de l'Olivier Sfax Tunisie
| | - C. Schuster
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry Geisenheim University Geisenheim Germany
| | - M. Fernández‐Bravo
- Department of Agronomy ETSIAM University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales Cordoba Spain
| | - I. Garrido‐Jurado
- Department of Agronomy ETSIAM University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales Cordoba Spain
| | - E. Quesada‐Moraga
- Department of Agronomy ETSIAM University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales Cordoba Spain
| | - A. Leclerque
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry Geisenheim University Geisenheim Germany
| | - M.A. Triki
- Université de Sfax Institut de l'Olivier Sfax Tunisie
| | - M. Ksantini
- Université de Sfax Institut de l'Olivier Sfax Tunisie
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12
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Saucedo-Carabez JR, Ploetz RC, Konkol JL, Carrillo D, Gazis R. Partnerships Between Ambrosia Beetles and Fungi: Lineage-Specific Promiscuity Among Vectors of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:925-940. [PMID: 29675704 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional mutualisms that ambrosia beetles have with fungi are poorly understood. Although these interactions were initially thought to be specific associations with a primary symbiont, there is increasing evidence that some of these fungi are associated with, and move among, multiple beetle partners. We examined culturable fungi recovered from mycangia of ambrosia beetles associated with trees of Persea humilis (silk bay, one site) and P. americana (avocado, six commercial orchards) that were affected by laurel wilt, an invasive disease caused by a symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola, of an Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Fungi were isolated from 20 adult females of X. glabratus from silk bay and 70 each of Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, Xyleborus volvulus, Xyleborinus saxesenii, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus from avocado. With partial sequences of ribosomal (LSU and SSU) and nuclear (β-tubulin) genes, one to several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of fungi were identified in assayed individuals. Distinct populations of fungi were recovered from each of the examined beetle species. Raffaelea lauricola was present in all beetles except X. saxesenii and X. crassiusculus, and Raffaelea spp. predominated in Xyleborus spp. Raffaelea arxii, R. subalba, and R. subfusca were present in more than a single species of Xyleborus, and R. arxii was the most abundant symbiont in both X. affinis and X. volvulus. Raffaelea aguacate was detected for the first time in an ambrosia beetle (X. bispinatus). Yeasts (Ascomycota, Saccharomycotina) were found consistently in the mycangia of the examined beetles, and distinct, putatively co-adapted populations of these fungi were associated with each beetle species. Greater understandings are needed for how mycangia in ambrosia beetles interact with fungi, including yeasts which play currently underresearched roles in these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Saucedo-Carabez
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - Randy C Ploetz
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA.
| | - J L Konkol
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - D Carrillo
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - R Gazis
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
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The digestive tract of Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) harbours different yeast taxa in Cerrado streams, Brazil. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Li Y, Huang YT, Kasson MT, Macias AM, Skelton J, Carlson PS, Yin M, Hulcr J. Specific and promiscuous ophiostomatalean fungi associated with Platypodinae ambrosia beetles in the southeastern United States. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carrillo D, Cruz LF, Kendra PE, Narvaez TI, Montgomery WS, Monterroso A, De Grave C, Cooperband MF. Distribution, Pest Status and Fungal Associates of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus in Florida Avocado Groves. INSECTS 2016; 7:E55. [PMID: 27754408 PMCID: PMC5198203 DOI: 10.3390/insects7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of a complex of cryptic species, that correspond morphologically to the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), were recently found attacking avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Israel and California. In early 2016, an outbreak of another member of this species complex was detected infesting approximately 1500 avocado trees in an avocado orchard at Homestead, Florida. An area-wide survey was conducted in commercial avocado groves of Miami-Dade County, Florida to determine the distribution and abundance of E. nr. fornicatus, to identify different populations of E. nr. fornicatus and their fungal associates, and to assess the extent of damage to avocado trees. Ewallacea nr. fornicatus were captured in 31 of the 33 sampled sites. A sample of 35 beetles from six different locations was identified as E. nr. fornicatus sp. #2, which is genetically distinct from the species causing damage in California and Israel. Eleven fungal associates were identified: an unknown Fusarium sp., AF-8, AF-6, Graphium euwallaceae, Acremonium sp. Acremonium morum, Acremonium masseei, Elaphocordyceps sp. and three yeast species. The unknown Fusarium isolates were the most abundant and frequently found fungus species associated with adult beetles and lesions surrounding the beetle galleries. In addition to fungal associates, three bacteria species were found associated with adult E. nr. fornicatus. Visual inspections detected significant damage in only two orchards. A large number of beetles were captured in locations with no apparent damage on the avocado trees suggesting that E. nr. fornicatus are associated with other host(s) outside the groves or with dead trees or branches inside the groves. More research is needed to determine the potential threat E. nr. fornicatus and its fungal associates pose to the avocado industry and agricultural and natural ecosystems in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carrillo
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Luisa F Cruz
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Paul E Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Teresa I Narvaez
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | | | - Charlotte De Grave
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium.
| | - Miriam F Cooperband
- Otis Laboratory, Plant Protection and Quarantine's Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA.
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Fernandes JAL, Prandini THR, Castro MDCA, Arantes TD, Giacobino J, Bagagli E, Theodoro RC. Evolution and Application of Inteins in Candida species: A Review. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1585. [PMID: 27777569 PMCID: PMC5056185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteins are invasive intervening sequences that perform an autocatalytic splicing from their host proteins. Among eukaryotes, these elements are present in many fungal species, including those considered opportunistic or primary pathogens, such as Candida spp. Here we reviewed and updated the list of Candida species containing inteins in the genes VMA, THRRS and GLT1 and pointed out the importance of these elements as molecular markers for molecular epidemiological researches and species-specific diagnosis, since the presence, as well as the size of these inteins, is polymorphic among the different species. Although absent in Candida albicans, these elements are present in different sizes, in some environmental Candida spp. and also in most of the non-albicans Candida spp. considered emergent opportunistic pathogens. Besides, the possible role of these inteins in yeast physiology was also discussed in the light of the recent findings on the importance of these elements as post-translational modulators of gene expression, reinforcing their relevance as alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of non-albicans Candida infections, because, once the splicing of an intein is inhibited, its host protein, which is usually a housekeeping protein, becomes non-functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A L Fernandes
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Tâmara H R Prandini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceiçao A Castro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Thales D Arantes
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Juliana Giacobino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Theodoro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
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