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Manjunatha Reddy GB, Sumana K, Yogisharadhya R, Mohan HV, Lavanya VK, Chethankumar BH, Shivasharanappa N, Saminathan M, Basavaraj S, Dhama K, Bhadravati Sathish S. Structural and sequence analysis of the RPO30 gene of sheeppox and goatpox viruses from India. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38523527 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sheeppox and goatpox are transboundary viral diseases of sheep and goats that cause significant economic losses to small and marginal farmers worldwide, including India. Members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV), namely Sheeppox virus (SPPV), Goatpox virus (GTPV), and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), are antigenically similar, and species differentiation can only be accomplished using molecular approaches. The present study aimed to understand the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of SPPV and GTPV circulating in India through sequencing and structural analysis of the RNA polymerase subunit-30 kDa (RPO30) gene. A total of 29 field isolates from sheep (n = 19) and goats (n = 10) belonging to different geographical regions of India during the period: Year 2015 to 2023, were analyzed based on the sequence and structure of the full-length RPO30 gene/protein. Phylogenetically, all the CaPV isolates were separated into three major clusters: SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a highly conserved RPO30 gene, with a stretch of 21 nucleotide deletion in all SPPV isolates. Additionally, the RPO30 gene of the Indian SPPV and GTPV isolates possessed several species-specific conserved signature residues/motifs that could act as genotyping markers. Secondary structure analysis of the RPO30 protein showed four α-helices, two loops, and three turns, similar to that of the E4L protein of vaccinia virus (VACV). All the isolates in the present study exhibited host preferences across different states of India. Therefore, in order to protect vulnerable small ruminants from poxviral infections, it is recommended to take into consideration a homologous vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnappa Sumana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hosakote Venkatappa Mohan
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Nayakwadi Shivasharanappa
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajjanar Basavaraj
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Manjunatha Reddy GB, Krishnappa VK, Siddalingaiah CD, Rao S, Nayakvadi S, Harlipura Basavarajappa CK, Gualti BR. Epidemiological, Pathological, and Molecular Studies on Sheeppox Disease Outbreaks in Karnataka, India. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1373. [PMID: 39065141 PMCID: PMC11279338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological study spanning twelve years has revealed that sheeppox disease is both widespread and endemic, predominantly surging during the winter and summer seasons. This investigation focused on sheeppox across 11 field outbreaks, involving 889 animals from non-migratory flocks across six districts in Karnataka, in the southern peninsula of India. Among these, 105 animals exhibited clinical signs suggestive of sheeppox, such as lesions on the body, and 95 cases were confirmed through PCR testing. The overall positivity rate for sheeppox stood at 10.68% (95 out of 889 animals). The incidence of sheeppox was notably higher in animals aged between 1 and 2 years and was more prevalent in females. Affected animals displayed symptoms including respiratory distress, weakness, fever, loss of appetite, depression, and various skin lesions ranging from papular to pock lesions across their bodies. There was a significant increase in total leukocyte count, while hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and hematocrit values significantly decreased. On gross examination, sheeppox lesions, varying from vesicular to nodular forms, were predominantly found on hairless areas of the body. Microscopic examination of skin lesions revealed extensive changes, such as hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis of epithelial cells, along with characteristic intracytoplasmic viral inclusions. The lungs exhibited type-II pneumocyte hyperplasia and proliferative bronchiolitis, also with intracytoplasmic inclusions. Confirmation of the sheeppox virus was achieved through PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length P32 and RPO30 gene demonstrated homology with sheeppox isolates from various parts of India and neighboring countries, indicating that Indian sheeppox viruses are highly lineage-specific and correlate with the host of origin. Based on these findings, it is recommended to implement a homologous vaccination strategy, utilizing selective host/viral strains to enhance protection in susceptible animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Kumar Krishnappa
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, India; (V.K.K.)
| | - Chandan Dypasandra Siddalingaiah
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, India; (V.K.K.)
| | - Suguna Rao
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, India; (V.K.K.)
| | - Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Baldev Raj Gualti
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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Reddy GBM, Mounica PS, Sudeep N, Vikram R, Garam GB, Lalzampuia H, Ragulraj S, Pal S, Khate K, Bijalwan S, Girish PS, Gulati BR. First evidence of lumpy skin disease in mithun (Bos frontalis) in India. Arch Virol 2024; 169:65. [PMID: 38451344 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle that is also known to cause mild infection in buffaloes. To date, there have been no reports of LSD in mithun (Bos frontalis), a bovine species distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of China. In the present study, the presence of typical clinical signs, virus isolation, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and the demonstration of antibodies in serum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, confirmed the occurrence of LSD in mithun for the first time in India. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length RPO30 and P32 genes of LSD virus from mithun and cattle revealed 100% sequence identity, indicating circulation of the same strain in both species in India and the possibility of spillover between species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pabbineedi Sai Mounica
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Nagaraj Sudeep
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ramesh Vikram
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Gyamnya Baki Garam
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Veterinary & Dairy Development, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Hlawndo Lalzampuia
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Selvaraj Ragulraj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Suchismita Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Kobu Khate
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Chumukedima, Nagaland, 797106, India
| | - Shraddha Bijalwan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | | | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Manjunatha Reddy GB, Pabbineedi SM, Nagaraj S, Bijalwan S, Tadakod S, Bhutia Z, Palmu D, Rai S, Bhutia PD, Bhutia PT, Shenga E, Gulati BR. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak ( Bos grunniens): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2823. [PMID: 38137967 PMCID: PMC10746030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of P32, GPCR, and RPO30 genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Mounica Pabbineedi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Sudeep Nagaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Shraddha Bijalwan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Sunil Tadakod
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
| | - Zeruiah Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Diki Palmu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Seema Rai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Pempa Doma Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Pem Tshering Bhutia
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emila Shenga
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, India; (Z.B.); (D.P.); (S.R.); (P.D.B.); (P.T.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; (S.M.P.); (S.N.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (B.R.G.)
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He C, Tong J, Zhang X, Tuohetiniyazi M, Zhang Y, Li Y. Comparative analysis of ankyrin (ANK) genes of five capripoxviruses isolate strains from Xinjiang province in China. Virol J 2020; 17:133. [PMID: 32859219 PMCID: PMC7453672 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sheeppox and goatpox are both economically important animal diseases in which pathogens are goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV). They can’t cause cross-species infection between sheep and goats in general. But in recent decades, the infection of sheep by goatpox or goats by sheeppox has been reported. The literature has indicated that the occurrence of these cases has a significant and direct relationship with mutations of ankyrin genes families (ANK genes 010,138,140,141.2,145) located in two-terminal regions of capripoxvirus genomes. So it is very important to decipher these nucleotides and their coding amino acid sequences of the five genes regarded as host range and virulence factors for effective prevention and control of capripoxvirus diseases. Methods In this study, all the ankyrin genes of three goatpox virus, two sheeppox virus, and one GTPV vaccine strains from Nanjiang areas of Xinjiang province of China during 2010–2011 were collected, amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence of every ankyrin genes has been compared with not only sequences from six viruses but also all sequences from three species of capripoxvirus genus from Gene bank, and every ANK gene’s mutated nucleotides and amino acids have been screened, and the relationship of genetic evolution among different virus strains has been analyzed, as well as the domain architecture of these genes was forecasted and analyzed. Results The six capripoxvirus strains can be well-distinguished GTPV and SPPV based on five ANK genes’ sequence identicalness except for GTPV-SS strain, which showed higher identicalness with SPPV. The ANK gene sequence of the GTPV-SS strain was 100% identical with SPPV-M1 (ANK138,140,145) and SPPV-M2 (ANK138,145), respectively. Phylogenetically, these six capripoxvirus strains were also grouped into the same cluster of India reference strains in lineages and showed extreme identical conservative or variable regions with India capripoxvirus isolates by sequence alignment. Moreover, for the functional domains, these ANK genes of capripoxvirus except for ANK gene 145, are identical in size, and ANK genes 145 of SPPV are usually 100 bp (approximately 30 aa) longer than those of GTPV and eventually form a PRANC domain at C-terminus. Conclusions The isolated strain of GTPV-SS may be a cross-species infection or the collected material was contaminated, and the inferred Capripox outbreak in Xinjiang in 2010 can be introduced from India. ANK genes 138,140,141.2 and 145 of capripoxvirus can be used as the target genes to identify GTPV and SPPV. Moreover, the four ANK genes determining the host range are more significant than the ANK gene 010. These ANK genes play combining roles for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan He
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Life Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Milikaimu Tuohetiniyazi
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Youwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,College of Life Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
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Sumana K, Revanaiah Y, Shivachandra SB, Mothay D, Apsana R, Saminathan M, Basavaraj S, Reddy GBM. Molecular phylogeny of Capripoxviruses based on major immunodominant protein (P32) reveals circulation of host specific sheeppox and goatpox viruses in small ruminants of India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104472. [PMID: 32711078 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox and goatpox are highly contagious viral diseases of small ruminants causing severe economic losses to the livestock farmers. The disease is enzootic in Asia including India, Middle East and African countries. In the present study, a total of 28 isolates from twenty five sheeppox and goatpox disease outbreaks were phylogenetically analyzed based on P32 gene/protein along with homology modeling and docking using heparan sulfate and UDP-glucose. Three distinct lineage-specific clusters as per their host origin were recorded. Multiple sequence analysis of P32 gene revealed that genetically similar sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) strains are circulating in India. Phylogenetically, Lumpy skin disease (LSDV) and SPPV had a closer genetic relationship than GTPV. Comparative sequence alignment indicated conservation of various motifs such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG), chemokine like motif (CX3C) and Asp-Glu-any other residue-Asp (D/ExD), as well as viral specific signature residues in SPPV and GTPV isolates. Structurally, P32 protein of SPPV and GTPV with mixed α helices and β sheets resembled with crystal structure of homologue vaccinia virus H3L protein. Docking studies in P32 protein of SPPV and GTPV revealed conserved binding pattern with heparan sulfate which is involved in the virus attachment and varied glycosyltransferase fold with UDP-glucose. These findings may help in development of suitable vaccines/diagnostics and therapeutics against capripoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sumana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), School of Sciences, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bengaluru 560011, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogisharadhya Revanaiah
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Dipti Mothay
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), School of Sciences, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bengaluru 560011, Karnataka, India
| | - R Apsana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - M Saminathan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - S Basavaraj
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
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Pham TH, Lila MAM, Rahaman NYA, Lai HLT, Nguyen LT, Do KV, Noordin MM. Epidemiology and clinico-pathological characteristics of current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:128. [PMID: 32375821 PMCID: PMC7203824 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the current swine fever outbreak and the government aspiration to increase the goat population, a need arises to control and prevent outbreaks of goat pox. Despite North Vietnam facing sporadic cases of goat pox, this most recent outbreak had the highest recorded morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate. Thus, owing to the likelihood of a widespread recurrence of goat pox infection, an analysis of that outbreak was done based on selected signalment, management and disease pattern (signs and pathology) parameters. This includes examination of animals, inspection of facilities, tissue sampling and analysis for confirmation of goatpox along with questionaires. Results It was found that the susceptible age group were between 3 and 6 months old kids while higher infection rate occurred in those under the free-range rearing system. The clinical signs of pyrexia, anorexia, nasal discharge and lesions of pocks were not restricted to the skin but have extended into the lung and intestine. The pathogen had been confirmed in positive cases via PCR as goat pox with prevalence of 79.69%. Conclusions The epidemiology of the current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam denotes a significant prevalence which may affect the industry. This signals the importance of identifying the salient clinical signs and post mortem lesions of goat pox at the field level in order to achieve an effective control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hong Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia-Lam District, Hanoi, 010000, Vietnam.
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huong Lan Thi Lai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia-Lam District, Hanoi, 010000, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia-Lam District, Hanoi, 010000, Vietnam
| | - Khien Van Do
- Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, 650000, Vietnam
| | - Mustapha M Noordin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sumana K, Revanaiah Y, Apsana R, Roy P, Manjunatha Reddy GB. Molecular characterization of sheeppox virus from outbreaks in Karnataka, India. Vet World 2020; 13:386-391. [PMID: 32255983 PMCID: PMC7096296 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.386-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to characterize sheeppox virus (SPPV) using the P32 gene of the Capripoxvirus (CaPVs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical samples of skin, scabs, and nasal swab from suspected outbreaks Horalagallu (n=13) and Gerahalli (n=11) at Ramanagara district in Karnataka were collected. All the samples were initially subjected to genus-specific diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pooled clinical samples from each outbreak were also subjected to virus isolation. The isolates were confirmed by CaPVs genotyping PCR targeting the full-length P32 gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The clinical signs and lesions varied from mild to severe degree with no specificity between age and sex. Specific cytopathic changes in cell morphology were observed in infected Vero cells from both outbreaks, which were confirmed by PCR. The complete P32 gene from two outbreaks was successfully amplified with the expected amplicon size of 1006bp. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that both the outbreaks were due to SPPV and shared high similarity with published SPPVs from Karnataka and other parts of India. CONCLUSION The current study showed that complete P32 gene-based genotypic PCR assay can be used for genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of both sheeppox and goatpox diseases and also to differentiate the causative agents. The sequence analysis revealed 100% similarity among the two outbreak isolates suggesting the same strain of the virus and common source of infection for the outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sumana
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, India
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogisharadhya Revanaiah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Apsana
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, India
| | - G. B. Manjunatha Reddy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, India
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