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Dindorf C, Dully J, Berger J, Becker S, Wolf E, Simon S, Bartaguiz E, Kemmler W, Fröhlich M. Assessing the Impact of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation-Based Fingerboard Training versus Conventional Fingerboard Training on Finger Flexor Endurance in Intermediate to Advanced Sports Climbers: A Randomized Controlled Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4100. [PMID: 39000879 PMCID: PMC11244570 DOI: 10.3390/s24134100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Competitive climbers engage in highly structured training regimens to achieve peak performance levels, with efficient time management as a critical aspect. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training can close the gap between time-efficient conditioning training and achieving optimal prerequisites for peak climbing-specific performances. Therefore, we examined potential neuromuscular adaptations resulting from the NMFES intervention by analyzing the efficacy of twice-weekly NMES-supported fingerboard (hang board) training compared with thrice-weekly conventional fingerboard training over 7 training weeks in enhancing climbing-specific endurance among intermediate to advanced climbers. Participants were randomly divided into the NMES and control groups. Eighteen participants completed the study (14 male, 4 female; mean age: 25.7 ± 5.3 years; mean climbing experience: 6.4 ± 3.4 years). Endurance was assessed by measuring the maximal time athletes could support their body weight (hanging to exhaustion) on a 20 mm-deep ledge at three intervals: pre-, in-between- (after 4 weeks of training), and post-training (after 7 weeks of training). The findings revealed that despite the lower training volume in the NMES group, no significant differences were observed between the NMES and control groups in climbing-specific endurance. Both groups exhibited notable improvements in endurance, particularly after the in-between test. Consequently, a twice-weekly NMES-supported fingerboard training regimen demonstrated non-inferiority to a thrice-weekly conventional training routine. Incorporating NMES into fingerboard workouts could offer time-saving benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dindorf
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jonas Dully
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- Department of Applied Training Science, German University for Prevention and Health Management, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wolf
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Steven Simon
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eva Bartaguiz
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics and Microtissue Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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2
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von Stengel S, Fröhlich M, Ludwig O, Eifler C, Berger J, Kleinöder H, Micke F, Wegener B, Zinner C, Mooren FC, Teschler M, Filipovic A, Müller S, England K, Vatter J, Authenrieth S, Kohl M, Kemmler W. Revised contraindications for the use of non-medical WB-electromyostimulation. Evidence-based German consensus recommendations. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1371723. [PMID: 38689869 PMCID: PMC11058671 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1371723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation has proven to be a highly effective alternative to conventional resistance-type exercise training. However, due to adverse effects in the past, very extensive contraindications have been put in place for the commercial, non-medical WB-EMS market. Considering recent positive innovations e.g., federal regulation, mandatory trainer education, revised guidelines, and new scientific studies on WB-EMS application, we believe that a careful revision of the very restrictive contraindications on WB-EMS is needed. This applies all the more because many cohorts with limited options for conventional exercise have so far been excluded. During a first meeting of an evidence-based consensus process, stakeholders from various backgrounds (e.g., research, education, application) set the priorities for revising the contraindications. We decided to focus on four categories of absolute contraindications: "Arteriosclerosis, arterial circulation disorders", "Diabetes mellitus" (DM), "Tumor and cancer" (TC), "Neurologic diseases, neuronal disorders, epilepsy". Based on scientific studies, quality criteria, safety aspects and benefit/risk assessment of the category, DM and TC were moved to the relative contraindication catalogue, while arteriosclerosis/arterial circulation disorders and neurologic diseases/neuronal disorders/epilepsy were still considered as absolute contraindications. While missing evidence suggests maintaining the status of neurologic diseases/neuronal disorders as an absolute contraindication, the risk/benefit-ratio does not support the application of WB-EMS in people with arteriosclerosis/arterial circulation diseases. Despite these very cautious modifications, countries with less restrictive structures for non-medical WB-EMS should consider our approach critically before implementing the present revisions. Considering further the largely increased amount of WB-EMS trials we advice regular updates of the present contraindication list.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - O. Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - C. Eifler
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - J. Berger
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - H. Kleinöder
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F. Micke
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Wegener
- Musculoskeletal University Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Zinner
- Hessian College of Police and Administration, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - F. C. Mooren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - M. Teschler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | | | | | - K. England
- Glucker Kolleg, Frankfurt, Germany
- Bundeswehr Medical Academy Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Vatter
- Soccer Club Paderborn 07, Paderborn, Germany
- PT Lounge Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S. Authenrieth
- Glucker Kolleg, Frankfurt, Germany
- EMS-Performance, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - M. Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - W. Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Kemmler W, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Willert S, Kast S, Uder M. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation with different impulse intensity on blood pressure changes in hyper- and normotensive overweight people. A pilot study. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1349750. [PMID: 38455842 PMCID: PMC10918690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1349750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition in untrained middle-aged to older adults, who form the core group of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) applicants. So far, the acute effects of varying impulse intensities on blood pressure responses have not been evaluated in normo- and hypertensive people. Thirteen hypertensive and twelve normotensive overweight WB-EMS novices, 40-70 years old, conducted the same WB-EMS protocol (20 min, bipolar, 85 Hz, 350 µs, 4 s impulse-4 s rest; combined with easy movements) with increasing impulse intensity (low, moderate, advanced) per session. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) as determined by automatic sphygmomanometry rose significantly (p < .001) from rest, 5 min pre-WB-EMS to immediately pre-WB-EMS assessment. Of importance, a 20-min WB-EMS application does not increase MAP further. In detail, maximum individual MAP does not exceed 128 mmHg (177 mmHg systolic or 110 mmHg diastolic) in any case. Two-min post-WB-EMS, MAP was significantly lower (p = .016) compared to immediately pre-WB-EMS. In contrast, heart rate increased significantly from immediately pre to immediately post-exercise (p < .001), though individual peak values did not exceed 140 beats/min-1 and heart rate decreased rapidly (p < .001) post-exercise. No significant differences in MAP and HR kinetics were observed for impulse intensity categories or hypertensive status. In summary, largely independently of impulse intensity and status, the acute effect of WB-EMS on MAP in novice applicants seem to be largely negligible. Although definite evidence might not have been provided by the present study, we conclude that hypertension, at least under treatment, should not be considered as a barrier for WB-EMS application in moderately old or older cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kast
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Beier M, Schoene D, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Uder M, Kemmler W. Non-Athletic Cohorts Enrolled in Longitudinal Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Trials-An Evidence Map. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:972. [PMID: 38339689 PMCID: PMC10857049 DOI: 10.3390/s24030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can be considered as a time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology that attracts a wide range of users. The present evidence map aims to provide an overview of different non-athletic cohorts addressed in WB-EMS research. Based on a comprehensive systematic search according to PRISMA, eighty-six eligible longitudinal trials were identified that correspond with our eligibility criteria. In summary, WB-EMS research sufficiently covers all adult age categories in males and females. Most cohorts addressed (58%) were predominately or exclusively overweight/obese, and in about 60% of them, diseases or conditions were inclusion criteria for the trials. Cohorts specifically enrolled in WB-EMS trials suffer from cancer/neoplasm (n = 7), obesity (n = 6), diabetes mellitus (n = 5), metabolic syndrome (n = 2), nervous system diseases (n = 2), chronic heart failure (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 2), knee arthrosis (n = 1), sarcopenia (n = 3), chronic unspecific low back pain (n = 4), and osteopenia (n = 3). Chronic kidney disease was an eligibility criterion in five WB-EMS trials. Finally, three studies included only critically ill patients, and two further studies considered frailty as an inclusion criterion. Of importance, no adverse effects of the WB-EMS intervention were reported. In summary, the evidence gaps in WB-EMS research were particular evident for cohorts with diseases of the nervous and cerebrovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beier
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Brinkmann C. Road map for personalized exercise medicine in T2DM. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:789-798. [PMID: 37730486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising at an alarming rate. Regular physical activity and exercise are cornerstones in the therapy of T2DM. While a one-size-fits-all approach fails to account for many between-subject differences, the use of personalized exercise medicine has the potential of optimizing health outcomes. Here, a road map for personalized exercise therapy targeted at patients with T2DM is presented. It considers secondary complications, glucose management, response heterogeneity, and other relevant factors that might influence the effectiveness of exercise as medicine, taking exercise-medication-diet interactions, as well as feasibility and acceptance into account. Furthermore, the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning-based applications in assisting sports therapists to find appropriate exercise programs is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brinkmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Fitness & Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Immediate Effects of Whole-Body versus Local Dynamic Electrostimulation of the Abdominal Muscles in Healthy People Assessed by Ultrasound: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030454. [PMID: 36979147 PMCID: PMC10044981 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic electrostimulation consists of the application of local or global electrostimulation together with physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a dynamic electrostimulation session on the thickness of the abdominal musculature, inter-rectus distance, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, and to identify possible differences in its form of application. A total of 120 healthy participants were divided into three groups: the whole-body electrostimulation group, the local electrostimulation group, and the control group without electrical stimulation. All groups performed a single session with the same dynamic exercise protocol. Muscle thickness and inter-rectus distance were evaluated ultrasonographically using the Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging technique both at rest and in muscle contraction (the active straight leg raise test) to find the post-intervention differences. The results showed significant differences in immediate post-intervention heart rate, with a smaller increase in the local electrostimulation group compared to the control and whole-body electrostimulation groups. No significant differences were identified between the groups after the interventions in the rest of the variables analyzed. Therefore, a local application, with the same effects as a global application on the abdominal musculature, has fewer contraindications, which makes its use more advisable, especially in populations with cardiorespiratory disorders, for which more research is needed.
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Additional Active Movements Are Not Required for Strength Gains in the Untrained during Short-Term Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050741. [PMID: 36900747 PMCID: PMC10000632 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for conventional strength training are well described, and the volume of research on whole-body electromyostimulation training (WB-EMS) is growing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether active exercise movements during stimulation have a positive effect on strength gains. A total of 30 inactive subjects (28 completed the study) were randomly allocated into two training groups, the upper body group (UBG) and the lower body group (LBG). In the UBG (n = 15; age: 32 (25-36); body mass: 78.3 kg (53.1-114.3 kg)), WB-EMS was accompanied by exercise movements of the upper body and in the LBG (n = 13; age: 26 (20-35); body mass: 67.2 kg (47.4-100.3 kg)) by exercise movements of the lower body. Therefore, UBG served as a control when lower body strength was considered, and LBG served as a control when upper body strength was considered. Trunk exercises were performed under the same conditions in both groups. During the 20-min sessions, 12 repetitions were performed per exercise. In both groups, stimulation was performed with 350 μs wide square pulses at 85 Hz in biphasic mode, and stimulation intensity was 6-8 (scale 1-10). Isometric maximum strength was measured before and after the training (6 weeks set; one session/week) on 6 exercises for the upper body and 4 for the lower body. Isometric maximum strength was significantly higher after the EMS training in both groups in most test positions (UBG p < 0.001-0.031, r = 0.88-0.56; LBG p = 0.001-0.039, r = 0.88-0.57). Only for the left leg extension in the UBG (p = 0.100, r = 0.43) and for the biceps curl in the LBG (p = 0.221, r = 0.34) no changes were observed. Both groups showed similar absolute strength changes after EMS training. Body mass adjusted strength for the left arm pull increased more in the LBG group (p = 0.040, r = 0.39). Based on our results we conclude that concurring exercise movements during a short-term WB-EMS training period have no substantial influence on strength gains. People with health restrictions, beginners with no experience in strength training and people returning to training might be particularly suitable target groups, due to the low training effort. Supposedly, exercise movements become more relevant when initial adaptations to training are exhausted.
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Esefeld K, Kress S, Behrens M, Zimmer P, Stumvoll M, Thurm U, Gehr B, Halle M, Brinkmann C. Diabetes, Sports and Exercise. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:51-60. [PMID: 36638806 DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Esefeld
- Department of Preventive Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung - DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kress
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Vinzentius Hospital Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Meinolf Behrens
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG.,Diabetes Center Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmer
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Thurm
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG
| | - Bernhard Gehr
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG.,m&i specialized clinic Bad Heilbrunn, Bad Heilbrunn, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Preventive Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung - DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.,Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Diabetes, Sport and Physical Activity Working Group of the DDG.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,IST University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kemmler W, Fröhlich M, Ludwig O, Eifler C, von Stengel S, Willert S, Teschler M, Weissenfels A, Kleinöder H, Micke F, Wirtz N, Zinner C, Filipovic A, Wegener B, Berger J, Evangelista A, D’Ottavio S, Singh Sara JD, Lerman A, Perez de Arrilucea Le Floc’h UA, Carle-Calo A, Guitierrez A, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Position statement and updated international guideline for safe and effective whole-body electromyostimulation training-the need for common sense in WB-EMS application. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1174103. [PMID: 37035684 PMCID: PMC10075322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1174103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a training technology that enables simultaneous stimulation of all the main muscle groups with a specific impulse intensity for each electrode. The corresponding time-efficiency and joint-friendliness of WB-EMS may be particularly attractive for people unable or unmotivated to conduct (intense) conventional training protocols. However, due to the enormous metabolic and musculoskeletal impact of WB-EMS, particular attention must be paid to the application of this technology. In the past, several scientific and newspaper articles reported severe adverse effects of WB-EMS. To increase the safety of commercial non-medical WB-EMS application, recommendations "for safe and effective whole-body electromyostimulation" were launched in 2016. However, new developments and trends require an update of these recommendations to incorporate more international expertise with demonstrated experience in the application of WB-EMS. The new version of these consensus-based recommendations has been structured into 1) "general aspects of WB-EMS", 2) "preparation for training", recommendations for the 3) "WB-EMS application" itself and 4) "safety aspects during and after training". Key topics particularly addressed are 1) consistent and close supervision of WB-EMS application, 2) mandatory qualification of WB-EMS trainers, 3) anamnesis and corresponding consideration of contraindications prior to WB-EMS, 4) the participant's proper preparation for the session, 5) careful preparation of the WB-EMS novice, 6) appropriate regeneration periods between WB-EMS sessions and 7) continuous interaction between trainer and participant at a close physical distance. In summary, we are convinced that the present guideline will contribute to greater safety and effectiveness in the area of non-medical commercial WB-EMS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Kemmler,
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph Eifler
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Sports Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Micke
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wirtz
- Central Library for Sport Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Zinner
- University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Wegener
- Musculoskeletal University Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandre Evangelista
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Physical Education and Sport, University Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Stefano D’Ottavio
- Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Abraham Carle-Calo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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10
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Götz M, Heiss R, von Stengel S, Roemer F, Berger J, Nagel A, Uder M, Kemmler W. Spatial Distribution of Muscular Effects of Acute Whole-Body Electromyostimulation at the Mid-Thigh and Lower Leg-A Pilot Study Applying Magnetic Resonance Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:10017. [PMID: 36560386 PMCID: PMC9786230 DOI: 10.3390/s222410017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is an innovative training method that stimulates large areas simultaneously. In order to determine the spatial distribution of WB-EMS with respect to volume involvement and stimulation depth, we determined the extent of intramuscular edema using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a marker of structural effects. Intense WB-EMS first application (20 min, bipolar, 85 Hz, 350 µs) was conducted with eight physically less trained students without previous WB-EMS experience. Transversal T2-weighted MRI was performed at baseline and 72 h post WB-EMS to identify edema at the mid-thigh and lower leg. The depth of the edema ranged from superficial to maximum depth with superficial and deeper muscle groups of the mid-thigh or lower leg area approximately affected in a similar fashion. However, the grade of edema differed between the muscle groups, which suggests that the intensity of EMS-induced muscular contraction was not identical for all muscles. WB-EMS of the muscles via surface cuff electrodes has an effect on deeper parts of the stimulated anatomy. Reviewing the spatial and volume distribution, we observed a heterogeneous pattern of edema. We attribute this finding predominately to different stimulus thresholds of the muscles and differences in the stress resistance of the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Götz
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Heiss
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Roemer
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Armin Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Berger J, Fröhlich M, Kemmler W. WB-EMS Market Development-Perspectives and Threats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14211. [PMID: 36361091 PMCID: PMC9656832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a time-efficient and highly effective form of training, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) enables personalised training for a wide range of users due to its personal training character and the individual control of the training intensity. However, due to misuse, negative side effects of WB-EMS have been reported in the past, resulting in expert guidelines for safe and effective WB-EMS application being issued. Furthermore, the use of WB-EMS is now legally permitted only for qualified personnel with certified equipment. This professionalization of the WB-EMS market as per the definition of quality standards for the devices and the personnel ensured a safe and effective WB-EMS application. However, recent market developments are undermining these standards through the growing of WB-EMS offers for the private sector. Hereby, most concepts focus on completely or predominately non-supervised WB application without control of potential overload by a qualified trainer. WB application is by no means trivial and the shift of responsibility for safety and effectiveness from the certified personnel to the trainees themselves is a clear step backwards in the development of WB-EMS use. We conclude that private, inadequately supervised WB-EMS application bears more dangers than potential benefits, not only for the trainees but also for the WB-EMS market as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Berger
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Fernández-Elías VE, Tobía D, Recarey A, Fernández Á, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Burgos-Postigo S. Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation during a Single Maximal Strength Training Session. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13753. [PMID: 36360629 PMCID: PMC9657354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is effective in improving training adaptation. However, WB-EMS may have side effects and contraindications that can lead to excessive muscle damage and physiological impairment. This randomized crossover study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WB-EMS on muscle damage, autonomic modulation and performance during a single maximal strength session in physically active participants. Twenty healthy and physically active participants randomly performed three maximal strength training sessions (90% 1RM) consisting of bench presses and squat exercises, with a continuous stimulus, a coordinated stimulus with concentric and eccentric phases, and without WB-EMS. Data showed no significant differences between the trials for muscle damage (blood creatine kinase levels), lactate blood levels and performance after exercise. Likewise, the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and the rate of perceived exertion were similar during exercise between trials. The heart rate variability analysis also showed a similar autonomic response among the trials. Training with WB-EMS seemed to be safe at the observed time intervals while offering a stimulus similar to regular training in physically active participants, regardless of the delivery of the electrical stimuli. More studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of WB-EMS in improving exercise adaptations during training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Tobía
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Anel Recarey
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080007, Colombia
| | - Silvia Burgos-Postigo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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13
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Bloeckl J, Raps S, Weineck M, Kob R, Bertsch T, Kemmler W, Schoene D. Feasibility and Safety of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation in Frail Older People—A Pilot Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856681. [PMID: 35812334 PMCID: PMC9263209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) induces high-intense stimuli to skeletal muscles with low strain on joints and the autonomic nervous system and may thus be suitable for frail, older people. However, if trained at very high intensities, WB-EMS may damage muscles and kidneys (rhabdomyolysis). This study aimed at investigating the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of WB-EMS in frail, older people. Seven frail (81.3 ± 3.5 years), 11 robust (79.5 ± 3.6 years), 10 young (29.1 ± 6.4 years) participants completed an eight-week WB-EMS training (week 1–4: 1x/week; week 5–8: 1.5x/week) consisting of functional exercises addressing lower extremity strength and balance. Feasibility was assessed using recruitment, adherence, retention, and dropout rates. The satisfaction with WB-EMS was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for older adults (PACES-8). In week 1, 3, and 8 creatine kinase (CK) was assessed immediately before, 48 and 72 h after WB-EMS. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria) and adverse events were recorded. Functional capacity was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG), Choice Stepping Reaction Time Test (CSRT), 30-second Chair-Stand Test (30-STS), maximum isometric leg strength and handgrip strength. The recruitment rate of frail individuals was 46.2%, adherence 88.3% and the dropout rate 16.7%. All groups indicated a high satisfaction with WB-EMS. CK activity was more pronounced in young individuals with significant changes over time. Within older people CK increased borderline-significantly in the frail group from baseline to week 1 but not afterwards. In robust individuals CK increased significantly from baseline to week 1 and 3. No participant reached CK elevations close to the threshold of ≥5,000 U/l and no symptoms of rhabdomyolysis were observed. With the exception of the TUG (p = 0.173), frail individuals improved in all tests of functional capacity. Compared to the young and robust groups, frail individuals showed the greater improvements in the SPPB, handgrip strength, maximum isokinetic hip-/knee extension and flexion strength. WB-EMS is feasible for frail older people. There were no clinical signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis. WB-EMS proved to be sufficiently intense to induce meaningful changes in functional capacity with frail individuals showing greater improvements for several measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bloeckl
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joerg Bloeckl,
| | - Sebastian Raps
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weineck
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Kob
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Exercise and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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de Oliveira TM, Felício DC, Filho JE, Fonseca DS, Durigan JLQ, Malaguti C. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on health indicators of older people: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 31:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise with and without Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Endurance Exercise on the Postprandial Glucose Regulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124322. [PMID: 34959874 PMCID: PMC8708442 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long hyperglycemic episodes trigger complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Postprandial glucose excursions can be reduced by acute physical activity. However, it is not yet clear which type of exercise has the best effect on postprandial glucose levels. Methods: Six T2DM patients participated in three 20-min moderate-intensity exercise sessions after breakfast in a randomized order: resistance exercise with whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), resistance exercise without electromyostimulation (RES) and cycling endurance exercise (END). A continuous glucose monitoring system recorded glucose dynamics. Results: Postprandially-increased glucose levels decreased in all cases. Time to baseline (initial value prior to meal intake) was quite similar for WB-EMS, RES and END. Neither glucose area under the curve (AUC), nor time in range from the start of the experiment to its end (8 h later) differed significantly. A Friedman analysis of variance, however, revealed an overall significant difference for AUC in the post-exercise recovery phase (END seems to have superior effects, but post-hoc tests failed statistical significance). Conclusions: There are no notable differences between the effects of the different types of exercise on glucose levels, especially when comparing values over a longer period of time.
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Esefeld K, Kress S, Behrens M, Zimmer P, Stumvoll M, Thurm U, Gehr B, Brinkmann C, Halle M. Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1515-8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Esefeld
- Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), München
| | - Stephan Kress
- AG Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung der DDG
- Medizinische Klinik Vinzentius-Krankenhaus Landau
| | - Meinolf Behrens
- AG Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung der DDG
- Diabeteszentrum Minden, Minden
| | | | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinik Leipzig, Leipzig
| | | | - Bernhard Gehr
- AG Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung der DDG
- m&i Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- AG Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung der DDG
- Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln
- IST Hochschule Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Halle
- Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München
- AG Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung der DDG
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), München
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17
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Zink-Rückel C, Chaudry O, Engelke K, Ghasemikaram M, Kohl M, Uder M, Kemmler W. Once Weekly Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Enhances Muscle Quality in Men: Data of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Electromyostimulation and Golf Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700423. [PMID: 34366890 PMCID: PMC8335588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is commercially advertised as a time-efficient resistance-type exercise technology. Indeed, the commercial, non-medical setting applies 20 min of WB-EMS only once a week. However, this setting conflicts with the approved scientific approach of higher training frequencies. Using data from an ongoing study on WB-EMS and golf performance as a vehicle, we evaluate the effect of once weekly WB-EMS on changes of fatty muscle infiltration, as a crucial parameter of muscle quality. Fifty-four moderately physically active male amateur golfers 18-70 years old were randomly allocated to a WB-EMS (n = 27) with a standard setting of once weekly 20 min and a non-WB-EMS control group (CG, n = 27). Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) volume and intrafascial muscle tissue (MT) volume per unit of intrafascial volume as determined by magnetic resonance imaging were used to characterize muscle quality. Intention to treat analysis with multiple imputation was applied. WB-EMS was conducted at the participants' homes; thus, the attendance rate was close to 100%. After 16 weeks of intervention, we observed increases in volume-adjusted IMAT (p = 0.040) and decreases in MT (p = 0.206) in the CG. IMAT decreased in the WB-EMS group (p = 0.215), while MT increased significantly (p = 0.032). Of importance, group difference (i.e., "effects") for intra-group changes in volume-adjusted IMAT (effect size: d´ = 0.66; p = 0.028) and MT (d´ = 0.70; p = 0.020) was significant for both parameters. Once weekly WB-EMS application significantly affects muscle quality of the mid-thigh in moderately active, healthy men 18-70 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zink-Rückel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Chaudry
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik III, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik III, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mansour Ghasemikaram
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Radiology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Keicher C, Pyrkosch L, Wolfarth B, Ströhle A. Psychological Effects of Whole-body Electromyostimulation Training: a Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 34106377 PMCID: PMC8190409 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is used in popular and health sports to improve muscular performance. Little is known about the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training on subjective well-being, relaxation, mood, and perceived stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent conventional WB-EMS training and Sham training (without the application of electrical stimulation) as part of a randomized, controlled pilot study in a crossover design. Subjective well-being and subjective relaxation were assessed using visual analog scales, the current state of mood was assessed with Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaires (MDBF), and the current level of stress was assessed with Recovery-Stress Questionnaires/Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebögen (RESTQEBF) before and after training. RESULTS WB-EMS training has a statistically significant positive effect on subjective well-being and subjective relaxation, as well as on the awake subscale of the MDBF. No significant main effect of sequence and no interaction effects were found. Also, compared to a Sham training session, a single WB-EMS training session had no significant effect on mood, nervousness, or the current level of stress. CONCLUSION Besides physiological effects, WB-EMS might also have a strong psychological impact. WB-EMS could be beneficial for people who, due to their limitations, have problems training on a regular basis and with adequate training intensity. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00012583 , 22 June 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Keicher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Charité Research Organisation GmbH, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Lena Pyrkosch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Abteilung Sportmedizin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
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19
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Zink-Rückel C, Kohl M, Willert S, von Stengel S, Kemmler W. Once-Weekly Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Increases Strength, Stability and Body Composition in Amateur Golfers. A Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115628. [PMID: 34070315 PMCID: PMC8197524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), an innovative training technology, is considered as a joint-friendly, highly customizable and particularly time-effective option for improving muscle strength and stability, body composition and pain relief. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS on maximum isometric trunk (MITS), leg extensor strength (MILES), lean body mass (LBM) and body-fat content. A cohort of 54 male amateur golfers, 18 to 70 years old and largely representative for healthy adults, were randomly assigned to a WB-EMS (n = 27) or a control group (CG: n = 27). Bipolar low-frequency WB-EMS combined with low-intensity movements was conducted once per week for 20 min at the participants’ locations, while the CG maintained their habitual activity. The intention to treat analysis with multiple imputation was applied. After 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS application with an attendance rate close to 100%, we observed significant WB-EMS effects on MITS (p < 0.001), MILES (p = 0.001), LBM (p = 0.034), but not body-fat content (p = 0.080) and low-back pain (LBP: p ≥ 0.078). In summary, the commercial setting of once-weekly WB-EMS application is effective to enhance stability, maximum strength, body composition and, to a lower extent, LBP in amateur golfers widely representative for a healthy male cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zink-Rückel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8523999
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20
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Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung. DIABETOLOGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11428-021-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Esefeld K, Kress S, Behrens M, Zimmer P, Stumvoll M, Thurm U, Gehr B, Brinkmann C, Halle M. Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1193-3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Esefeld
- Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), München
| | - Stephan Kress
- AG Diabetes und Sport der DDG
- Medizinische Klinik Vinzentius-Krankenhaus Landau
| | | | | | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinik Leipzig, Leipzig
| | | | - Bernhard Gehr
- AG Diabetes und Sport der DDG
- m&i Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- AG Diabetes und Sport der DDG
- Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln
- IST Hochschule Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Halle
- Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München
- AG Diabetes und Sport der DDG
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), München
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22
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Kemmler W, Kleinöder H, Fröhlich M. Editorial: Whole-Body Electromyostimulation: A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans? Front Physiol 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32528314 PMCID: PMC7264116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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