1
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Norton ES, Whaley LA, Jones VK, Brooks MM, Russo MN, Morderer D, Jessen E, Schiapparelli P, Ramos-Fresnedo A, Zarco N, Carrano A, Rossoll W, Asmann YW, Lam TT, Chaichana KL, Anastasiadis PZ, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Cell-specific cross-talk proteomics reveals cathepsin B signaling as a driver of glioblastoma malignancy near the subventricular zone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn1607. [PMID: 39110807 PMCID: PMC11305394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. GBM proximal to the lateral ventricles (LVs) is more aggressive, potentially because of subventricular zone contact. Despite this, cross-talk between GBM and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) is not well understood. Using cell-specific proteomics, we show that LV-proximal GBM prevents neuronal maturation of NSCs through induction of senescence. In addition, GBM brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) increase expression of cathepsin B (CTSB) upon interaction with NPCs. Lentiviral knockdown and recombinant protein experiments reveal that both cell-intrinsic and soluble CTSB promote malignancy-associated phenotypes in BTICs. Soluble CTSB stalls neuronal maturation in NPCs while promoting senescence, providing a link between LV-tumor proximity and neurogenesis disruption. Last, we show LV-proximal CTSB up-regulation in patients, showing the relevance of this cross-talk in human GBM biology. These results demonstrate the value of proteomic analysis in tumor microenvironment research and provide direction for new therapeutic strategies in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Norton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lauren A. Whaley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Vanessa K. Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mieu M. Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Marissa N. Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dmytro Morderer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Erik Jessen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | | | - Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anna Carrano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yan W. Asmann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - TuKiet T. Lam
- Keck MS and Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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2
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Feng X, Qi F, Wang H, Li W, Gan Y, Qi C, Lin Z, Chen L, Wang P, Hu Z, Miao Y. Sorting Technology for Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Single Tissue Source. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:524-537. [PMID: 38112926 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can be obtained, enriched and proliferated in vitro. They owned enormous potential in fields like regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and immunomodulation. However, though isolated from the same origin, MSCs are still essentially heterogeneous cell populations with different phenotypes and functions. This heterogeneity of MSCs significantly affects their therapeutic efficacy and brings obstacles to scientific research. Thus, reliable sorting technology which can isolate or purify MSC subpopulations with various potential and differentiation pathways is urgently needed. This review summarized principles, application status and clinical implications for these sorting methods, aiming at improving the understanding of MSC heterogeneity as well as providing fresh perspectives for subsequent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Feng
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Qi
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Smolinska A, Bzinkowska A, Rybkowska P, Chodkowska M, Sarnowska A. Promising Markers in the Context of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Subpopulations with Unique Properties. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1842958. [PMID: 37771549 PMCID: PMC10533301 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1842958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) population poses a challenge to researchers and clinicians, especially those observed at the population level. What is more, the lack of precise evidences regarding MSCs developmental origin even further complicate this issue. As the available evidences indicate several possible pathways of MSCs formation, this diverse origin may be reflected in the unique subsets of cells found within the MSCs population. Such populations differ in specialization degree, proliferation, and immunomodulatory properties or exhibit other additional properties such as increased angiogenesis capacity. In this review article, we attempted to identify such outstanding populations according to the specific surface antigens or intracellular markers. Described groups were characterized depending on their specialization and potential therapeutic application. The reports presented here cover a wide variety of properties found in the recent literature, which is quite scarce for many candidates mentioned in this article. Even though the collected information would allow for better targeting of specific subpopulations in regenerative medicine to increase the effectiveness of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Smolinska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bzinkowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Rybkowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chodkowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Gracias A, Åslund AK, Bäck M, Simon R, Kavanagh E, Migliori B, Neofytou C, Nelander S, Westermark B, Uhrbom L, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Konradsson P, Teixeira AI, Uhlén P, Joseph B, Hermanson O, Nilsson KPR. Live Detection of Neural Progenitors and Glioblastoma Cells by an Oligothiophene Derivative. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3790-3797. [PMID: 37647213 PMCID: PMC10521023 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for simple and non-invasive identification of live neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the developing and adult brain as well as in disease, such as in brain tumors, due to the potential clinical importance in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Here, we report a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO), named p-HTMI, for non-invasive and non-amplified real-time detection of live human patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell-like cells and NSPCs. While p-HTMI stained only a small fraction of other cell types investigated, the mere addition of p-HTMI to the cell culture resulted in efficient detection of NSPCs or GBM cells from rodents and humans within minutes. p-HTMI is functionalized with a methylated imidazole moiety resembling the side chain of histidine/histamine, and non-methylated analogues were not functional. Cell sorting experiments of human GBM cells demonstrated that p-HTMI labeled the same cell population as CD271, a proposed marker for stem cell-like cells and rapidly migrating cells in glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the LCO p-HTMI is a versatile tool for immediate and selective detection of neural and glioma stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Gracias
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Andreas K.O. Åslund
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bäck
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Rozalyn Simon
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bianca Migliori
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christina Neofytou
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Ana I. Teixeira
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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5
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Amelung L, Zupanc GKH. Proteomic characterization of spontaneously regrowing spinal cord following injury in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a regeneration-competent vertebrate. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:671-706. [PMID: 36445471 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, spontaneous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is severely limited. By contrast, teleost fish successfully regenerate injured axons and produce new neurons from adult neural stem cells after SCI. The molecular mechanisms underlying this high regenerative capacity are largely unknown. The present study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of proteome changes in response to SCI in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) was combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to collect data during early (1 day), mid (10 days), and late (30 days) phases of regeneration following caudal amputation SCI. Forty-two unique proteins with significant differences in abundance between injured and intact control samples were identified. Correlation analysis uncovered six clusters of spots with similar expression patterns over time and strong conditional dependences, typically within functional families or between isoforms. Significantly regulated proteins were associated with axon development and regeneration; proliferation and morphogenesis; neuronal differentiation and re-establishment of neural connections; promotion of neuroprotection, redox homeostasis, and membrane repair; and metabolism or energy supply. Notably, at all three time points examined, significant regulation of proteins involved in inflammatory responses was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Amelung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Thomas R, Menon V, Mani R, Pruszak J. Glycan Epitope and Integrin Expression Dynamics Characterize Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2952-2965. [PMID: 35727432 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest gives rise to progeny as diverse as peripheral neurons, myelinating cells, cranial muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, and melanocytes. Neural crest derivation encompasses complex morphological change, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration to the eventual target locations throughout the body. Neural crest cultures derived from stem cells provide an attractive source for developmental studies in human model systems, of immediate biomedical relevance for neurocristopathies, neural cancer biology and regenerative medicine, if only appropriate markers for lineage and cell type definition and quality control criteria were available. Implementing a defined, scalable protocol to generate neural crest cells from embryonic stem cells, we identify stage-defining cluster-of-differentiation (CD) surface markers during human neural crest development in vitro. Acquisition of increasingly mesenchymal phenotype was characterized by absence of neuroepithelial stemness markers (CD15, CD133, CD49f) and by decrease of CD57 and CD24. Increased per-cell-expression of CD29, CD44 and CD73 correlated with established EMT markers as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. The further development towards migratory neural crest was associated with decreased CD24, CD49f (ITGA6) and CD57 (HNK1) versus an enhanced CD49d (ITGA4), CD49e (ITGA5) and CD51/CD61 (ITGAV/ITGB3) expression. Notably, a shift from CD57 to CD51/CD61 was identified as a sensitive surrogate surface indicator of EMT in neural crest in vitro development. The reported changes in glycan epitope and integrin surface expression may prove useful for elucidating neural crest stemness, EMT progression and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA
| | - Vishal Menon
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rakesh Mani
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA. .,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.
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7
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Donega V, van der Geest AT, Sluijs JA, van Dijk RE, Wang CC, Basak O, Pasterkamp RJ, Hol EM. Single-cell profiling of human subventricular zone progenitors identifies SFRP1 as a target to re-activate progenitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1036. [PMID: 35210419 PMCID: PMC8873234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the decline of neurogenesis at birth, progenitors of the subventricular zone (SVZ) remain mostly in a quiescent state in the adult human brain. The mechanisms that regulate this quiescent state are still unclear. Here, we isolate CD271+ progenitors from the aged human SVZ for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Our transcriptome data reveal the identity of progenitors of the aged human SVZ as late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. We identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a possible signal that promotes quiescence of progenitors from the aged human SVZ. Administration of WAY-316606, a small molecule that inhibits SFRP1 function, stimulates activation of neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo under homeostatic conditions. Our data unravel a possible mechanism through which progenitors of the adult human SVZ are maintained in a quiescent state and a potential target for stimulating progenitors to re-activate. The decline in neurogenesis following birth is accompanied with a quiescent state characteristic of neural progenitors of the adult brain. Here, the authors identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a potential signal that promotes quiescence and show that its inhibition stimulates stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Donega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid T van der Geest
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland E van Dijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Matias I, Diniz LP, Damico IV, Araujo APB, Neves LDS, Vargas G, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Nitrini R, Jacob‐Filho W, Grinberg LT, Hol EM, Middeldorp J, Gomes FCA. Loss of lamin-B1 and defective nuclear morphology are hallmarks of astrocyte senescence in vitro and in the aging human hippocampus. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13521. [PMID: 34894056 PMCID: PMC8761005 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in senescent cells in tissues, including the brain, is a general feature of normal aging and age-related pathologies. Senescent cells exhibit a specific phenotype, which includes an altered nuclear morphology and transcriptomic changes. Astrocytes undergo senescence in vitro and in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about whether this process also occurs in physiological aging, as well as its functional implication. Here, we investigated astrocyte senescence in vitro, in old mouse brains, and in post-mortem human brain tissue of elderly. We identified a significant loss of lamin-B1, a major component of the nuclear lamina, as a hallmark of senescent astrocytes. We showed a severe reduction of lamin-B1 in the dentate gyrus of aged mice, including in hippocampal astrocytes, and in the granular cell layer of the hippocampus of post-mortem human tissue from non-demented elderly. The lamin-B1 reduction was associated with nuclear deformations, represented by an increased incidence of invaginated nuclei and loss of nuclear circularity in senescent astrocytes in vitro and in the aging human hippocampus. We also found differences in lamin-B1 levels and astrocyte nuclear morphology between the granular cell layer and polymorphic layer in the elderly human hippocampus, suggesting an intra-regional-dependent aging response of human astrocytes. Moreover, we described senescence-associated impaired neuritogenic and synaptogenic capacity of mouse astrocytes. Our findings show that reduction of lamin-B1 is a conserved feature of hippocampal cells aging, including astrocytes, and shed light on significant defects in nuclear lamina structure which may contribute to astrocyte dysfunctions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Matias
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Laís da Silva Neves
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gabriele Vargas
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Renata E. P. Leite
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study GroupUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Claudia K. Suemoto
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study GroupUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study GroupUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Wilson Jacob‐Filho
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study GroupUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study GroupUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CenterRijswijkThe Netherlands
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9
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Peyton L, Oliveros A, Choi DS, Jang MH. Hippocampal regenerative medicine: neurogenic implications for addiction and mental disorders. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:358-368. [PMID: 33785869 PMCID: PMC8080570 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric illness is a prevalent and highly debilitating disorder, and more than 50% of the general population in both middle- and high-income countries experience at least one psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives. As we continue to learn how pervasive psychiatric episodes are in society, we must acknowledge that psychiatric disorders are not solely relegated to a small group of predisposed individuals but rather occur in significant portions of all societal groups. Several distinct brain regions have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disease. These brain regions include corticolimbic structures, which regulate executive function and decision making (e.g., the prefrontal cortex), as well as striatal subregions known to control motivated behavior under normal and stressful conditions. Importantly, the corticolimbic neural circuitry includes the hippocampus, a critical brain structure that sends projections to both the cortex and striatum to coordinate learning, memory, and mood. In this review, we will discuss past and recent discoveries of how neurobiological processes in the hippocampus and corticolimbic structures work in concert to control executive function, memory, and mood in the context of mental disorders. A region of the brain called the hippocampus and its connections to other parts of the brain via what are called cortico-limbic structures are implicated in a variety of mental health disorders. These disorders can be accompanied by reduced hippocampal volume. Mi-Hyeon Jang, Doo-Sup Choi and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, USA, review the role of hippocampal and cortico-limbic neurobiology in memory and mood in mental disorders. They focus particular attention on the role of neurogenesis, the production and growth of new nerve cells and connections. Disrupted neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is implicated in conditions including addiction, depression, schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Learning more about neural regeneration in the hippocampus could yield insights into mental health conditions and open new avenues toward developing drug-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Peyton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Bodegraven EJ, Sluijs JA, Tan AK, Robe PAJT, Hol EM. New GFAP splice isoform (GFAPµ) differentially expressed in glioma translates into 21 kDa N‐terminal GFAP protein. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21389. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neurosciences University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A. Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neurosciences University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. Katherine Tan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A. J. T. Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational Neurosciences University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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11
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de Sonnaville SFAM, van Strien ME, Middeldorp J, Sluijs JA, van den Berge SA, Moeton M, Donega V, van Berkel A, Deering T, De Filippis L, Vescovi AL, Aronica E, Glass R, van de Berg WDJ, Swaab DF, Robe PA, Hol EM. The adult human subventricular zone: partial ependymal coverage and proliferative capacity of cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa150. [PMID: 33376983 PMCID: PMC7750937 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in specialized regions of the brain. One of these regions is the subventricular zone. During brain development, neurogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that control stem-cell survival, renewal and cell lineage specification. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an integral part of the neurogenic niche in development as it is in direct contact with radial glial cells, and it is important in regulating proliferation and migration. Yet, the effect of CSF on neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult human brain is unknown. We hypothesized a persistent stimulating effect of ventricular CSF on neural stem cells in adulthood, based on the literature, describing bulging accumulations of subventricular cells where CSF is in direct contact with the subventricular zone. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry on post-mortem adult human subventricular zone sections that neural stem cells are in close contact with CSF via protrusions through both intact and incomplete ependymal layers. We are the first to systematically quantify subventricular glial nodules denuded of ependyma and consisting of proliferating neural stem and progenitor cells, and showed that they are present from foetal age until adulthood. Neurosphere, cell motility and differentiation assays as well as analyses of RNA expression were used to assess the effects of CSF of adult humans on primary neural stem cells and a human immortalized neural stem cell line. We show that human ventricular CSF increases proliferation and decreases motility of neural stem cells. Our results also indicate that adult CSF pushes neural stem cells from a relative quiescent to a more active state and promotes neuronal over astrocytic lineage differentiation. Thus, CSF continues to stimulate neural stem cells throughout aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia F A M de Sonnaville
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A van den Berge
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Moeton
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Donega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek van Berkel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tasmin Deering
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia De Filippis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Glass
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Vidal A, Redmer T. Decoding the Role of CD271 in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092460. [PMID: 32878000 PMCID: PMC7564075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, is triggered by driver mutations that are acquired in the coding regions of particularly BRAF (rat fibrosarcoma serine/threonine kinase, isoform B) or NRAS (neuroblastoma-type ras sarcoma virus) in melanocytes. Although driver mutations strongly determine tumor progression, additional factors are likely required and prerequisite for melanoma formation. Melanocytes are formed during vertebrate development in a well-controlled differentiation process of multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). However, mechanisms determining the properties of melanocytes and melanoma cells are still not well understood. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is likewise expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells and NCSCs and programs the maintenance of a stem-like and migratory phenotype via a comprehensive network of associated genes. Moreover, CD271 regulates phenotype switching, a process that enables the rapid and reversible conversion of proliferative into invasive or non-stem-like states into stem-like states by yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we summarize current findings about CD271-associated mechanisms in melanoma cells and illustrate the role of CD271 for melanoma cell migration and metastasis, phenotype-switching, resistance to therapeutic interventions, and the maintenance of an NCSC-like state.
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13
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Shanbhag S, Suliman S, Bolstad AI, Stavropoulos A, Mustafa K. Xeno-Free Spheroids of Human Gingiva-Derived Progenitor Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:968. [PMID: 32974308 PMCID: PMC7466771 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingiva has been identified as a minimally invasive source of multipotent progenitor cells (GPCs) for use in bone tissue engineering (BTE). To facilitate clinical translation, it is important to characterize GPCs in xeno-free cultures. Recent evidence indicates several advantages of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) over conventional 2D monolayers. The present study aimed to characterize human GPCs in xeno-free 2D cultures, and to test their osteogenic potential in 3D cultures, in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). Primary GPCs and BMSCs were expanded in human platelet lysate (HPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) and characterized based on in vitro proliferation, immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation. Next, 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs were formed via self-assembly and cultured in HPL. Expression of stemness- (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and osteogenesis-related markers (BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, OCN) was assessed at gene and protein levels in 3D and 2D cultures. The cytokine profile of 3D and 2D GPCs and BMSCs was assessed via a multiplex immunoassay. Monolayer GPCs in both HPL and FBS demonstrated a characteristic MSC-like immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation; osteogenic differentiation of GPCs was enhanced in HPL vs. FBS. CD271+ GPCs in HPL spontaneously acquired a neuronal phenotype and strongly expressed neuronal/glial markers. 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs with high cell viability were formed in HPL media. Expression of stemness- and osteogenesis-related genes was significantly upregulated in 3D vs. 2D GPCs/BMSCs; the latter was independent of osteogenic induction. Synthesis of SOX2, BMP2 and OCN was confirmed via immunostaining, and in vitro mineralization via Alizarin red staining. Finally, secretion of several growth factors and chemokines was enhanced in GPC/BMSC spheroids, while that of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced, compared to monolayers. In summary, monolayer GPCs expanded in HPL demonstrate enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential, comparable to that of BMSCs. Xeno-free spheroid culture further enhances stemness- and osteogenesis-related gene expression, and cytokine secretion in GPCs, comparable to that of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Regenerative Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell axons forming the optic nerve (ON) emerge unmyelinated from the eye and become myelinated after passage through the optic nerve lamina region (ONLR), a transitional area containing a vascular plexus. The ONLR has a number of unusual characteristics: it inhibits intraocular myelination, enables postnatal ON myelination of growing axons, modulates the fluid pressure differences between eye and brain, and is the primary lesion site in the age-related disease open angle glaucoma (OAG). We demonstrate that the human and rodent ONLR possesses a mitotically active, age-depletable neural progenitor cell (NPC) niche, with unique characteristics and culture requirements. These NPCs generate both forms of macroglia: astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and can form neurospheres in culture. Using reporter mice with SOX2-driven, inducible gene expression, we show that ONLR-NPCs generate macroglial cells for the anterior ON. Early ONLR-NPC loss results in regional dysfunction and hypomyelination. In adulthood, ONLR-NPCs may enable glial replacement and remyelination. ONLR-NPC depletion may help explain why ON diseases such as OAG progress in severity during aging.
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15
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Kruminis-Kaszkiel E, Osowski A, Bejer-Oleńska E, Dziekoński M, Wojtkiewicz J. Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly Towards Neural Stem Cells Using A Feasible and Repeatable Protocol. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030739. [PMID: 32192154 PMCID: PMC7140706 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of regenerating to the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising strategy in the treatment of CNS diseases and injury. As previous studies have highlighted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a source of NSCs, this study aimed to develop a feasible, efficient, and reproducible method for the neural induction of MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (hWJ-MSCs). We induced neural differentiation in a monolayer culture using epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, N2, and B27 supplements. This resulted in a homogenous population of proliferating cells that expressed certain neural markers at both the protein and mRNA levels. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of neural markers: nestin, sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 1 and 2 (SOX1 and SOX2), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of nestin and MAP2 in differentiated cells. This study confirms that it is possible to generate NSCs-like cells from hWJ-MSCs in a 2D culture using a practical method. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of such differentiated cells should be extended to confirm the terminal differentiation ability and electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kruminis-Kaszkiel
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Ewa Bejer-Oleńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Mariusz Dziekoński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
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16
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Wang R, Sharma R, Shen X, Laughney AM, Funato K, Clark PJ, Shpokayte M, Morgenstern P, Navare M, Xu Y, Harbi S, Masilionis I, Nanjangud G, Yang Y, Duran-Rehbein G, Hemberg M, Pe'er D, Tabar V. Adult Human Glioblastomas Harbor Radial Glia-like Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:338-350. [PMID: 32004492 PMCID: PMC7014025 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radial glia (RG) cells are the first neural stem cells to appear during embryonic development. Adult human glioblastomas harbor a subpopulation of RG-like cells with typical RG morphology and markers. The cells exhibit the classic and unique mitotic behavior of normal RG in a cell-autonomous manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of glioblastoma cells reveal transcriptionally dynamic clusters of RG-like cells that share the profiles of normal human fetal radial glia and that reside in quiescent and cycling states. Functional assays show a role for interleukin in triggering exit from dormancy into active cycling, suggesting a role for inflammation in tumor progression. These data are consistent with the possibility of persistence of RG into adulthood and their involvement in tumor initiation or maintenance. They also provide a putative cellular basis for the persistence of normal developmental programs in adult tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Shen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgshire CB10 1SA, UK; ShaoYang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ashley M Laughney
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kosuke Funato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip J Clark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, PA 64742, USA
| | - Monika Shpokayte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter Morgenstern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monalisa Navare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yichi Xu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ignas Masilionis
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gouri Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytology Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Duran-Rehbein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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17
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Transcriptome and proteome profiling of neural stem cells from the human subventricular zone in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:84. [PMID: 31159890 PMCID: PMC6545684 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently accepted that the human brain has a limited neurogenic capacity and an impaired regenerative potential. We have previously shown the existence of CD271-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, which proliferate and differentiate towards neurons and glial cells in vitro. To study the molecular profile of these NSCs in detail, we performed RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry on CD271+ NSCs isolated from human post-mortem SVZ and on homogenates of the SVZ. CD271+ cells were isolated through magnetic cell separation (MACS). We first compared the molecular profile of CD271+ NSCs to the SVZ homogenate from control donors and then compared CD271+ cells to CD11b+ microglia. These results confirmed their neural stem cell identity. Finally we compared controls and PD patients to establish a specific molecular profile of NSCs and the SVZ in PD. While our transcriptome analysis did not identify any differentially expressed genes in the SVZ between control and PD patients, our proteome analysis revealed several proteins that were differentially expressed in PD. Some of these proteins are involved in cytoskeletal organization and mitochondrial function. Transcriptome and proteome analyses of NSCs from PD revealed changes in the expression of genes and proteins involved in metabolism, transcriptional activity and cytoskeletal organization. Our data suggest that NSCs may transit into a primed-quiescent state, that is in an "alert" non-proliferative phase in PD. Our results not only confirm pathological hallmarks of PD (e.g. impaired mitochondrial function), but also show that the NSCs from SVZ undergo significant changes at both transcriptome and proteome level following PD.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrant neurogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia and raises important unanswered questions. We highlight how alterations in signalling molecules in the local and peripheral environments in schizophrenia may regulate adult neurogenesis in the human subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ). RECENT FINDINGS Cell proliferation and density of mature neurons are reduced in the hippocampus, yet the extent of adult neurogenesis remains unexplored in the SEZ in schizophrenia. The human SEZ is a major source of postnatally migrating cortical and striatal inhibitory interneurons, indicating that aberrant neurogenesis may extend to the SEZ and contribute to inhibitory interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Trophic factors and inflammatory cytokines regulate the generation of new neurons in rodents, suggesting that altered expression of these signalling molecules in the brain, peripheral vasculature and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia may impact adult neurogenesis in both the hippocampus and the SEZ. SUMMARY Knowledge about adult neurogenesis remains scant in schizophrenia. We propose that a more rigorous examination of adult neurogenesis in relation to regulatory signalling molecules will allow us to identify how abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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19
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Stem cells in animal models of Huntington disease: A systematic review. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 95:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Cerebral organoids are 3D stem cell-derived models that can be utilized to study the human brain. The current consensus is that cerebral organoids consist of cells derived from the neuroectodermal lineage. This limits their value and applicability, as mesodermal-derived microglia are important players in neural development and disease. Remarkably, here we show that microglia can innately develop within a cerebral organoid model and display their characteristic ramified morphology. The transcriptome and response to inflammatory stimulation of these organoid-grown microglia closely mimic the transcriptome and response of adult microglia acutely isolated from post mortem human brain tissue. In addition, organoid-grown microglia mediate phagocytosis and synaptic material is detected inside them. In all, our study characterizes a microglia-containing organoid model that represents a valuable tool for studying the interplay between microglia, macroglia, and neurons in human brain development and disease. Brain organoid models reported to date lack cells of mesodermal origin, such as microglia. Here, the authors demonstrate that mature microglia-like cells are generated within their cerebral organoid model, providing new avenues for studying human microglia in a three-dimensional brain environment.
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21
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Zonis S, Breunig JJ, Mamelak A, Wawrowsky K, Bresee C, Ginzburg N, Chesnokova V. Inflammation-induced Gro1 triggers senescence in neuronal progenitors: effects of estradiol. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:260. [PMID: 30201019 PMCID: PMC6131894 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been proposed to contribute to the decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines activate transcription of chemokine growth-regulated oncogene α (Gro1) in human and murine hippocampal neuronal progenitor cells (NPC). The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of Gro1 on hippocampal neurogenesis in the presence of inflammation. METHODS Human hippocampal NPC were transfected with lentivirus expressing Gro1, and murine NPC and hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells were treated with Gro1 protein. A plasmid expressing mGro1 was electroporated in the hippocampus of newborn mice that were sacrificed 10 days later. Adult male and female mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg, i.p in five daily injections) or normal saline. Adult male mice were implanted with pellets releasing 17-β estradiol (E2; 2.5 mg/pellet, 41.666 μg/day release) or placebo for 6 weeks and challenged with LPS or normal saline as above. In both experiments, mice were sacrificed 3 h after the last injection. Hippocampal markers of neurogenesis were assessed in vitro and in vivo by Western blot, real-time PCR, and immunohisto/cytochemistry. RESULTS Gro1 induced premature senescence in NPC and HT-22 cells, activating senescence-associated β-galactosidase and the cell cycle inhibitor p16 and suppressing neuroblast proliferation and expression of doublecortin (DCX) and neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj-1), both neuroblast markers, while promoting proliferation of neural glial antigen 2 (Ng2)-positive oligodendrocytes. Gro1 overexpression in the hippocampus of newborn mice resulted in decreased neuroblast development, as evidenced by decreased DCX expression and increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor α receptor (PDGFαR), a marker of oligodendrocyte precursors. In adult mice, Gro1 was induced in response to LPS treatment in male but not in female hippocampus, with a subsequent decrease in neurogenesis and activation of oligodendrocyte progenitors. No changes in neurogenesis were observed in females. Treatment with E2 blunted LPS-induced Gro1 in the male hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation-induced Gro1 triggers neuroblast senescence, thus suppressing new neuron development in the hippocampus. Sex-dependent differences in Gro1 response are attributed to estradiol, which blunts these changes, protecting the female hippocampus from the deleterious effects of inflammation-induced Gro1 on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Zonis
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Joshua J Breunig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Adam Mamelak
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kolja Wawrowsky
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Catherine Bresee
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nadiya Ginzburg
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Vera Chesnokova
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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22
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Hol EM, Capetanaki Y. Type III Intermediate Filaments Desmin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Vimentin, and Peripherin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/12/a021642. [PMID: 29196434 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryType III intermediate filament (IF) proteins assemble into cytoplasmic homopolymeric and heteropolymeric filaments with other type III and some type IV IFs. These highly dynamic structures form an integral component of the cytoskeleton of muscle, brain, and mesenchymal cells. Here, we review the current ideas on the role of type III IFs in health and disease. It turns out that they not only offer resilience to mechanical strains, but, most importantly, they facilitate very efficiently the integration of cell structure and function, thus providing the necessary scaffolds for optimal cellular responses upon biochemical stresses and protecting against cell death, disease, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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23
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GFAPδ/GFAPα ratio directs astrocytoma gene expression towards a more malignant profile. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88104-88121. [PMID: 29152145 PMCID: PMC5675697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common malignant brain tumours and are to date incurable. It is unclear how astrocytomas progress into higher malignant grades. The intermediate filament cytoskeleton is emerging as an important regulator of malignancy in several tumours. The majority of the astrocytomas express the intermediate filament protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Several GFAP splice variants have been identified and the main variants expressed in human astrocytoma are the GFAPα and GFAPδ isoforms. Here we show a significant downregulation of GFAPα in grade IV astrocytoma compared to grade II and III, resulting in an increased GFAPδ/α ratio. Mimicking this increase in GFAPδ/α ratio in astrocytoma cell lines and comparing the subsequent transcriptomic changes with the changes in the patient tumours, we have identified a set of GFAPδ/α ratio-regulated high-malignant and low-malignant genes. These genes are involved in cell proliferation and protein phosphorylation, and their expression correlated with patient survival. We additionally show that changing the ratio of GFAPδ/α, by targeting GFAP expression, affected expression of high-malignant genes. Our data imply that regulating GFAP expression and splicing are novel therapeutic targets that need to be considered as a treatment for astrocytoma.
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24
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Behnan J, Stangeland B, Langella T, Finocchiaro G, Tringali G, Meling TR, Murrell W. Identification and characterization of a new source of adult human neural progenitors. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2991. [PMID: 28796246 PMCID: PMC5596556 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) are a potential source for cell based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries. These cells have been traditionally isolated from hippocampus, subventricular zone and white matter. However, there is still a need for an easily accessible source with better yield to counter the limitations of small surgical samples of previously characterized aNPCs. Here we show that ultrasonic aspirate (UA) samples currently considered as 'biological waste after surgery,' offer a good source for aNPCs. Furthermore, we show that culture conditions dictated the phenotype of cells across patients. The neurosphere-enriched cells were more similar to freshly isolated brain cells, while cells expanded adherently in serum conditions were similar to mesenchymal stem cells. However, cells expanded in these adherent conditions expressed some NPC and glial markers in addition to active canonical Wnt signaling. This suggests a mesenchymal-neuroectodermal hybrid nature of these cells. Finally, we show that UA-NPCs are comparable to those from neurogenic regions. Our findings suggest that UA samples can be used as a source for fresh and in vitro propagated aNPCs that could have various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Behnan
- Department of Immunology, Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Stangeland
- Department of Immunology, Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Insights and Data, Capgemini, Akershus, Norway
| | - Tiziana Langella
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Neurological Institute C, Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Neurological Institute C, Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tringali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Wayne Murrell
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Weissleder C, Kondo MA, Yang C, Fung SJ, Rothmond DA, Wong MW, Halliday GM, Herman MM, Kleinman JE, Webster MJ, Shannon Weickert C. Early-life decline in neurogenesis markers and age-related changes of TrkB splice variant expression in the human subependymal zone. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1768-1778. [PMID: 28612959 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the subependymal zone (SEZ) declines across the human lifespan, and reduced local neurotrophic support is speculated to be a contributing factor. While tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signalling is critical for neuronal differentiation, maturation and survival, little is known about subependymal TrkB expression changes during postnatal human life. In this study, we used quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation to determine expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67, the immature neuron marker doublecortin (DCX) and both full-length (TrkB-TK+) and truncated TrkB receptors (TrkB-TK-) in the human SEZ from infancy to middle age (n = 26-35, 41 days to 43 years). We further measured TrkB-TK+ and TrkB-TK- mRNAs in the SEZ from young adulthood into ageing (n = 50, 21-103 years), and related their transcript levels to neurogenic and glial cell markers. Ki67, DCX and both TrkB splice variant mRNAs significantly decreased in the SEZ from infancy to middle age. In contrast, TrkB-TK- mRNA increased in the SEZ from young adulthood into ageing, whereas TrkB-TK+ mRNA remained stable. TrkB-TK- mRNA positively correlated with expression of neural precursor (glial fibrillary acidic protein delta and achaete-scute homolog 1) and glial cell markers (vimentin and pan glial fibrillary acidic protein). TrkB-TK+ mRNA positively correlated with expression of neuronal cell markers (DCX and tubulin beta 3 class III). Our results indicate that cells residing in the human SEZ maintain their responsiveness to neurotrophins; however, this capability may change across postnatal life. We suggest that TrkB splice variants may differentially influence neuronal and glial differentiation in the human SEZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Weissleder
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mari A Kondo
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samantha J Fung
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Debora A Rothmond
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew W Wong
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Herman
- Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Margarete Ainsworth Building, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Weissleder C, Fung SJ, Wong MW, Barry G, Double KL, Halliday GM, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Decline in Proliferation and Immature Neuron Markers in the Human Subependymal Zone during Aging: Relationship to EGF- and FGF-Related Transcripts. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:274. [PMID: 27932973 PMCID: PMC5123444 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblasts exist within the human subependymal zone (SEZ); however, it is debated to what extent neurogenesis changes during normal aging. It is also unknown how precursor proliferation may correlate with the generation of neuronal and glial cells or how expression of growth factors and receptors may change throughout the adult lifespan. We found evidence of dividing cells in the human SEZ (n D 50) in conjunction with a dramatic age-related decline (21-103 years) of mRNAs indicative of proliferating cells (Ki67) and immature neurons (doublecortin). Microglia mRNA (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) increased during aging, whereas transcript levels of stem/precursor cells (glial fibrillary acidic protein delta and achaete-scute homolog 1), astrocytes (vimentin and pan-glial fibrillary acidic protein), and oligodendrocytes (oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2) remained stable. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNAs increased throughout adulthood, while transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), EGF, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNAs were unchanged across adulthood. Cell proliferation mRNA positively correlated with FGFR1 transcripts. Immature neuron and oligodendrocyte marker expression positively correlated with TGFα and ErbB4 mRNAs, whilst astrocyte transcripts positively correlated with EGF, FGF2, and FGFR1 mRNAs. Microglia mRNA positively correlated with EGF and FGF2 expression. Our findings indicate that neurogenesis in the human SEZ continues well into adulthood, although proliferation and neuronal differentiation may decline across adulthood. We suggest that mRNA expression of EGF- and FGF-related family members do not become limited during aging and may modulate neuronal and glial fate determination in the SEZ throughout human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Weissleder
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha J Fung
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew W Wong
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy Barry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, The Stanley Medical Research Institute Kensington, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research InstituteSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
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27
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Moeton M, Stassen OMJA, Sluijs JA, van der Meer VWN, Kluivers LJ, van Hoorn H, Schmidt T, Reits EAJ, van Strien ME, Hol EM. GFAP isoforms control intermediate filament network dynamics, cell morphology, and focal adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4101-20. [PMID: 27141937 PMCID: PMC5043008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the characteristic intermediate filament (IF) protein in astrocytes. Expression of its main isoforms, GFAPα and GFAPδ, varies in astrocytes and astrocytoma implying a potential regulatory role in astrocyte physiology and pathology. An IF-network is a dynamic structure and has been functionally linked to cell motility, proliferation, and morphology. There is a constant exchange of IF-proteins with the network. To study differences in the dynamic properties of GFAPα and GFAPδ, we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments on astrocytoma cells with fluorescently tagged GFAPs. Here, we show for the first time that the exchange of GFP-GFAPδ was significantly slower than the exchange of GFP-GFAPα with the IF-network. Furthermore, a collapsed IF-network, induced by GFAPδ expression, led to a further decrease in fluorescence recovery of both GFP-GFAPα and GFP-GFAPδ. This altered IF-network also changed cell morphology and the focal adhesion size, but did not alter cell migration or proliferation. Our study provides further insight into the modulation of the dynamic properties and functional consequences of the IF-network composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moeton
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M J A Stassen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of biomedical engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W N van der Meer
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot J Kluivers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hedde van Hoorn
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Cell Biology and Histology, AMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Golas MM, Sander B. Use of human stem cells in Huntington disease modeling and translational research. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:76-90. [PMID: 26826449 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by an extended CAG repeat in exon 1 of the gene that encodes the huntingtin (HTT) protein. HD pathology involves a loss of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and progressive neurodegeneration affects the striatum and other brain regions. Because HTT is involved in multiple cellular processes, the molecular mechanisms of HD pathogenesis should be investigated on multiple levels. On the cellular level, in vitro stem cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from HD patients and HD embryonic stem cells (ESCs), have yielded progress. Approaches to differentiate functional MSNs from ESCs, iPSCs, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) have been established, enabling MSN differentiation to be studied and disease phenotypes to be recapitulated. Isolation of target stem cells and precursor cells may also provide a resource for grafting. In animal models, transplantation of striatal precursors differentiated in vitro to the striatum has been reported to improve disease phenotype. Initial clinical trials examining intrastriatal transplantation of fetal neural tissue suggest a more favorable clinical course in a subset of HD patients, though shortcomings persist. Here, we review recent advances in the development of cellular HD models and approaches aimed at cell regeneration with human stem cells. We also describe how genome editing tools could be used to correct the HTT mutation in patient-specific stem cells. Finally, we discuss the potential and the remaining challenges of stem cell-based approaches in HD research and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Golas
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bjoern Sander
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Ogata Y, Mabuchi Y, Yoshida M, Suto EG, Suzuki N, Muneta T, Sekiya I, Akazawa C. Purified Human Synovium Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Good Resource for Cartilage Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129096. [PMID: 26053045 PMCID: PMC4459808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into a variety of lineages and to renew themselves without malignant changes, and thus hold potential for many clinical applications. However, it has not been well characterized how different the properties of MSCs are depending on the tissue source in which they resided. We previously reported a novel technique for the prospective MSC isolation from bone marrow, and revealed that a combination of cell surface markers (LNGFR and THY-1) allows the isolation of highly enriched MSC populations. In this study, we isolated LNGFR+ THY-1 + MSCs from synovium using flow cytometry. The results show that the synovium tissue contained a significantly larger percentage of LNGFR + THY-1 + MSCs. We examined the colony formation and differentiation abilities of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and synovium-derived MSCs (SYN-MSCs) isolated from the same patients. Both types of MSCs exhibited a marked propensity to differentiate into specific lineages. BM-MSCs were preferentially differentiated into bone, while in the SYN-MSC culture, enhanced adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation was observed. These data suggest that the tissue from which MSCs are isolated should be tailored according to their intended clinical therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Grace Suto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Isolation of a pluripotent neural stem cell from the embryonic bovine brain. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5990-9. [PMID: 25782160 PMCID: PMC4394516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently isolated stem cells derived from the brain of a bovine fetus, utilizing a particular mechanical separation method. After improving our experimental conditions, we obtained neural stem cells using an optimized culture medium system. The cells were expanded, established in continuous cell culture and used for immunofluorescence cytochemistry. RT-PCR showed that embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) not only expresses the protein Sox2, Nestin but also Pax6, Musashi proteins and were differentiated into the three classical neuronal phenotypes (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes).
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31
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Sandberg CJ, Vik-Mo EO, Behnan J, Helseth E, Langmoen IA. Transcriptional profiling of adult neural stem-like cells from the human brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114739. [PMID: 25514637 PMCID: PMC4267785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great potential for the development of new cell replacement strategies based on adult human neural stem-like cells. However, little is known about the hierarchy of cells and the unique molecular properties of stem- and progenitor cells of the nervous system. Stem cells from the adult human brain can be propagated and expanded in vitro as free floating neurospheres that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all three cell types of the central nervous system. Here we report the first global gene expression study of adult human neural stem-like cells originating from five human subventricular zone biopsies (mean age 42, range 33–60). Compared to adult human brain tissue, we identified 1,189 genes that were significantly up- and down-regulated in adult human neural stem-like cells (1% false discovery rate). We found that adult human neural stem-like cells express stem cell markers and have reduced levels of markers that are typical of the mature cells in the nervous system. We report that the genes being highly expressed in adult human neural stem-like cells are associated with developmental processes and the extracellular region of the cell. The calcium signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions are enriched among the most differentially regulated genes between adult human neural stem-like cells and adult human brain tissue. We confirmed the expression of 10 of the most up-regulated genes in adult human neural stem-like cells in an additional sample set that included adult human neural stem-like cells (n = 6), foetal human neural stem cells (n = 1) and human brain tissues (n = 12). The NGFR, SLITRK6 and KCNS3 receptors were further investigated by immunofluorescence and shown to be heterogeneously expressed in spheres. These receptors could potentially serve as new markers for the identification and characterisation of neural stem- and progenitor cells or as targets for manipulation of cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Jonsgar Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Einar O. Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jinan Behnan
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iver A. Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (CAST), Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Czepiel M, Boddeke E, Copray S. Human oligodendrocytes in remyelination research. Glia 2014; 63:513-30. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Neuroscience; University Medical Center Groningen; A.Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience; University Medical Center Groningen; A.Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Copray
- Department of Neuroscience; University Medical Center Groningen; A.Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
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33
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Yin Y, Huang P, Han Z, Wei G, Zhou C, Wen J, Su B, Wang X, Wang Y. Collagen nanofibers facilitated presynaptic maturation in differentiated neurons from spinal-cord-derived neural stem cells through MAPK/ERK1/2-Synapsin I signaling pathway. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2449-60. [PMID: 24955924 DOI: 10.1021/bm500321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are deemed to be a potential cell therapy for brain and spinal cord reconstruction and regeneration following injury. In this study, we investigated the role of nanofibrous scaffolds on NSCs-derived neurons in the formation of neural networks. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp recording method after the spinal cord-derived NSCs were differentiated into neurons and cultured in vitro for 10-14 days. It was observed that the frequency of mEPSCs in the differentiated neurons cultured on both randomly oriented and aligned collagen nanofibrous scaffolds was higher than that on the collagen-coated control and can be inhibited by an ERK inhibitor (PD98059), indicating that the collagen nanofibers affected the maturation of the synapses from presynaptic sites via the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. In addition, both of the collagen nanofibers increased the phosphorylation of Synapsin I and facilitated the interaction of p-ERK1/2 and p-Synapsin I. All these results suggested that the collagen nanofibrous scaffolds contributed to the presynaptic maturation via the ERK1/2-Synapsin I signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, PR China
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