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Csöbönyeiová M, Beerová N, Klein M, Debreová-Čeháková M, Danišovič Ľ. Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10314. [PMID: 36142245 PMCID: PMC9499607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles-exosomes-released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Csöbönyeiová
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Beerová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Klein
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Debreová-Čeháková
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Danišovič
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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The role of metabolism in directed differentiation versus trans-differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 122:56-65. [PMID: 34074592 PMCID: PMC8725317 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and identification of transcription factors for cardiac reprogramming have raised hope to cure heart disease, the leading cause of death in the world. Our knowledge in heart development and molecular barriers of cardiac reprogramming is advancing, but many hurdles are yet to be overcome for clinical translation. Importantly, we lack a full understanding of molecular mechanisms governing cell fate conversion toward cardiomyocytes. In this review, we will discuss the role of metabolism in directed differentiation versus trans-differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes exhibit a unique metabolic feature distinct from PSCs and cardiac fibroblasts, and there are multiple overlapping molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming during cardiomyogenesis. We will discuss key metabolic changes occurring during cardiomyocytes differentiation from PSCs and cardiac fibroblasts, and the potential role of metabolic reprogramming in the enhancement strategies for cardiomyogenesis. Only when such details are discovered will more effective strategies to enhance the de novo production of cardiomyocytes be possible.
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Nguyen-Truong M, Li YV, Wang Z. Mechanical Considerations of Electrospun Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue and Regenerative Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E122. [PMID: 33022929 PMCID: PMC7711753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials to facilitate the restoration of cardiac tissue is of emerging importance. While there are many aspects to consider in the design of biomaterials, mechanical properties can be of particular importance in this dynamically remodeling tissue. This review focuses on one specific processing method, electrospinning, that is employed to generate materials with a fibrous microstructure that can be combined with material properties to achieve the desired mechanical behavior. Current methods used to fabricate mechanically relevant micro-/nanofibrous scaffolds, in vivo studies using these scaffolds as therapeutics, and common techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are covered. We also discuss the discrepancies in the reported elastic modulus for physiological and pathological myocardium in the literature, as well as the emerging area of in vitro mechanobiology studies to investigate the mechanical regulation in cardiac tissue engineering. Lastly, future perspectives and recommendations are offered in order to enhance the understanding of cardiac mechanobiology and foster therapeutic development in myocardial regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen-Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Yan Vivian Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.N.-T.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Ge JY, Zheng YW, Liu LP, Isoda H, Oda T. Impelling force and current challenges by chemicals in somatic cell reprogramming and expansion beyond hepatocytes. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:650-665. [PMID: 31616541 PMCID: PMC6789182 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, generating numerous transplantable functional cells in the laboratory setting on a large scale is a major challenge. However, the in vitro maintenance and expansion of terminally differentiated cells are challenging because of the lack of specific environmental and intercellular signal stimulations, markedly hindering their therapeutic application. Remarkably, the generation of stem/progenitor cells or functional cells with effective proliferative potential is markedly in demand for disease modeling, cell-based transplantation, and drug discovery. Despite the potent genetic manipulation of transcription factors, integration-free chemically defined approaches for the conversion of somatic cell fate have garnered considerable attention in recent years. This review aims to summarize the progress thus far and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of the impact of full chemicals on the stepwise reprogramming of pluripotency, direct lineage conversion, and direct lineage expansion on somatic cells. Owing to the current chemical-mediated induction, reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells with reproducibility difficulties, and direct lineage converted cells with marked functional deficiency, it is imperative to generate the desired cell types directly by chemically inducing their potent proliferation ability through a lineage-committed progenitor state, while upholding the maturation and engraftment capacity posttransplantation in vivo. Together with the comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of chemical drives, as well as the elucidation of specificity and commonalities, the precise manipulation of the expansion for diverse functional cell types could broaden the available cell sources and enhance the cellular function for clinical application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yun Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Fermini B, Coyne KP, Coyne ST. Challenges in designing and executing clinical trials in a dish studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:73-82. [PMID: 30267757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing cost of drug discovery and development represents a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and new strategies to bridge studies between preclinical testing and clinical trials are needed to reduce the knowledge gap prior to first human exposures, and to allow earlier decisions to be made on the further development of drugs. A number of studies have demonstrated that various cell types differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not just respond similarly to human tissues in general, but rather recapitulate the drug response of their specific donor's, when exposed to the same drug in vivo. This recapitulation opens the doors to Clinical Trials in a Dish (CTiD), a platform which involves testing, in vitro, medical therapies for safety on cells collected from a sample of human patients, before moving into clinical trials. However, the science behind CTiD is complex, and every element of the process from tissue acquisition to data generation must be assessed and designed to meet quality metrics and standards. Without such rigorous assessment and design, the basic scientific integrity of CTiD constructs is likely compromised, and the results questionable. Given the lack of standard process and/or quality metrics in place for the use of stem cell-based products for in vitro testing per se, we discuss here the key elements that one needs to consider when designing, implementing and executing CTiD studies, in order to ensure an approach that will reliably mimic clinical trials, and allow obtaining reproducible and reliable experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fermini
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA.
| | - Kevin P Coyne
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Shawn T Coyne
- Coyne Scientific, 1899 Powers Ferry Road SE, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
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Current Strategies to Generate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6726185. [PMID: 30224922 PMCID: PMC6129345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6726185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous multipotent stem cells that are involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived evolving structures and organs during ontogeny. In the adult organism, reservoirs of MSCs can be found in almost all tissues where MSCs contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity. The use of these different MSCs for cell-based therapies has been extensively studied over the past years, which highlights the use of MSCs as a promising option for the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. However, the proportion of MSCs contained in primary isolates of adult tissue biopsies is rather low and, thus, vigorous ex vivo expansion is needed especially for therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell substitution. Therefore, more easily and accessible sources of MSCs are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the different strategies to generate human MSCs in vitro as an alternative method for their applications in regenerative therapy.
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Banovic M, Pusnik-Vrckovnik M, Nakou E, Vardas P. Myocardial regeneration therapy in heart failure: Current status and future therapeutic implications in clinical practice. Int J Cardiol 2018; 260:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Slamecka J, McClellan S, Wilk A, Laurini J, Manci E, Hoerstrup SP, Weber B, Owen L. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human amnion in chemically defined conditions. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:330-347. [PMID: 29143560 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1403690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal stem cells are a unique type of adult stem cells that have been suggested to be broadly multipotent with some features of pluripotency. Their clinical potential has been documented but their upgrade to full pluripotency could open up a wide range of cell-based therapies particularly suited for pediatric tissue engineering, longitudinal studies or disease modeling. Here we describe episomal reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells from the human amnion to pluripotency (AM-iPSC) in chemically defined conditions. The AM-iPSC expressed markers of embryonic stem cells, readily formed teratomas with tissues of all three germ layers present and had a normal karyotype after around 40 passages in culture. We employed novel computational methods to determine the degree of pluripotency from microarray and RNA sequencing data in these novel lines alongside an iPSC and ESC control and found that all lines were deemed pluripotent, however, with variable scores. Differential expression analysis then identified several groups of genes that potentially regulate this variability in lines within the boundaries of pluripotency, including metallothionein proteins. By further studying this variability, characteristics relevant to cell-based therapies, like differentiation propensity, could be uncovered and predicted in the pluripotent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Wilk
- a Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , USA
| | - Javier Laurini
- c College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Elizabeth Manci
- d College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- b Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland.,f Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) , University of Zurich - Irchel Campus , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- b Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich , Switzerland.,e Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland.,f Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM) , University of Zurich - Irchel Campus , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Laurie Owen
- g University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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9
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Kwon H, Kim M, Seo Y, Moon YS, Lee HJ, Lee K, Lee H. Emergence of synthetic mRNA: In vitro synthesis of mRNA and its applications in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2017; 156:172-193. [PMID: 29197748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of gene therapy has evolved over the past two decades after the first introduction of nucleic acid drugs, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). With the development of in vitro transcription (IVT) methods, synthetic mRNA has become an emerging class of gene therapy. IVT mRNA has several advantages over conventional pDNA for the expression of target proteins. mRNA does not require nuclear localization to mediate protein translation. The intracellular process for protein expression is much simpler and there is no potential risk of insertion mutagenesis. Having these advantages, the level of protein expression is far enhanced as comparable to that of viral expression systems. This makes IVT mRNA a powerful alternative gene expression system for various applications in regenerative medicine. In this review, we highlight the synthesis and preparation of IVT mRNA and its therapeutic applications. The article includes the design and preparation of IVT mRNA, chemical modification of IVT mRNA, and therapeutic applications of IVT mRNA in cellular reprogramming, stem cell engineering, and protein replacement therapy. Finally, future perspectives and challenges of IVT mRNA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Seul Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Childers MK, Klaiman JM. Cardiac involvement in female carriers of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:777-779. [PMID: 28393376 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Campus Box 358056, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Campus Box 358056, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
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Ding S, Kingshott P, Thissen H, Pera M, Wang PY. Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:260-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Martin Pera
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Pumphrey AL, Ye S, Yang Z, Simkin J, Gensel JC, Abdel-Latif A, Vandsburger MH. Cardiac Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR Imaging Tracking of Cell Survival or Rejection in Mouse Models of Cell Therapy. Radiology 2016; 282:131-138. [PMID: 27420900 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine whether cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be serially and noninvasively used to probe cell survival or rejection after intramyocardial implantation in mice. Materials and Methods Experiments were compliant with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines on the Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. One million C2C12 cells labeled with either europium (Eu) 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (HP-DO3A) or saline via the hypotonic swelling technique were implanted into the anterior-lateral left ventricular wall in C57BL/6J (allogeneic model, n = 17) and C3H (syngeneic model, n = 13) mice. Imaging (frequency offsets of ±15 parts per million) was performed 1, 10, and 20 days after implantation, with the asymmetrical magnetization transfer ratio (MTRasym) calculated from image pairs. Histologic examination was performed at the conclusion of imaging. Changes in MTRasym over time and between mice were assessed by using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results MTRasym was significantly higher in C3H and C57BL/6J mice in grafts of Eu-HP-DO3A-labeled cells (40.2% ± 5.0 vs 37.8% ± 7.0, respectively) compared with surrounding tissue (-0.67% ± 1.7 vs -1.8% ± 5.3, respectively; P < .001) and saline-labeled grafts (-0.4% ± 6.0 vs -1.2% ± 3.6, respectively; P < .001) at day 1. In C3H mice, MTRasym remained increased (31.3% ± 9.2 on day 10, 28.7% ± 5.2 on day 20; P < .001 vs septum) in areas of in Eu-HP-DO3A-labeled cell grafts. In C57BL/6J mice, corresponding MTRasym values (11.3% ± 8.1 on day 10, 5.1% ± 9.4 on day 20; P < .001 vs day 1) were similar to surrounding myocardium by day 20 (P = .409). Histologic findings confirmed cell rejection in C57BL/6J mice. Estimation of graft area was similar with cardiac CEST imaging and histologic examination (R2 = 0.89). Conclusion Cardiac CEST imaging can be used to image cell survival and rejection in preclinical models of cell therapy. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Pumphrey
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Shaojing Ye
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - John C Gensel
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Moriel H Vandsburger
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.L.P., S.Y., Z.Y., A.A.L., M.H.V.) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (J.S., J.C.G.), University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536
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LoGuidice A, Houlihan A, Deans R. Multipotent adult progenitor cells on an allograft scaffold facilitate the bone repair process. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416656148. [PMID: 27493716 PMCID: PMC4959303 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416656148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells are a recently described population of stem cells derived from the bone marrow stroma. Research has demonstrated the potential of multipotent adult progenitor cells for treating ischemic injury and cardiovascular repair; however, understanding of multipotent adult progenitor cells in orthopedic applications remains limited. In this study, we evaluate the osteogenic and angiogenic capacity of multipotent adult progenitor cells, both in vitro and loaded onto demineralized bone matrix in vivo, with comparison to mesenchymal stem cells, as the current standard. When compared to mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells exhibited a more robust angiogenic protein release profile in vitro and developed more extensive vasculature within 2 weeks in vivo. The establishment of this vascular network is critical to the ossification process, as it allows nutrient exchange and provides an influx of osteoprogenitor cells to the wound site. In vitro assays confirmed the multipotency of multipotent adult progenitor cells along mesodermal lineages and demonstrated the enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase and production of calcium-containing mineral deposits by multipotent adult progenitor cells, necessary precursors for osteogenesis. In combination with a demineralized bone matrix scaffold, multipotent adult progenitor cells demonstrated enhanced revascularization and new bone formation in vivo in an orthotopic defect model when compared to mesenchymal stem cells on demineralized bone matrix or demineralized bone matrix–only control groups. The potent combination of angiogenic and osteogenic properties provided by multipotent adult progenitor cells appears to create a synergistic amplification of the bone healing process. Our results indicate that multipotent adult progenitor cells have the potential to better promote tissue regeneration and healing and to be a functional cell source for use in orthopedic applications.
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Bovine CD49 positive-cell subpopulation remarkably increases in mammary epithelial cells that retain a stem-like phenotype. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:1-6. [PMID: 26412510 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously proved that adult stem cells reside in the bovine mammary gland and possess an intrinsic potential to generate a functional mammary outgrowth. The aim of this study was to investigate on the immunophenotyping features retained by mammary stem-like cells detected in long term culture. Flow cytometry analysis showed different subpopulations of mammary epithelial cells emerging according to the timing of cell culture. CD49f(+)-cells significantly increased during the culture (p<0.01) and a similar trend was observed, even if less regular, for CD29(+) and ALDH1 positive cell populations. No difference during the culture was observed for CD24 positive cells but after 35 days of culture a subset of cells, CD49f positive, still retained regenerative capabilities in in vivo xenotransplants. These cells were able to form organized pseudo-alveoli when transplanted in immunodeficient mice. These results prove the presence of a multipotent cell subpopulation that retain a strong epithelial induction, confirmed in in vivo xenotransplants with a presumable in vitro expansion of the primitive population of adult mammary stem cells.
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Hart ML, Izeta A, Herrera-Imbroda B, Amend B, Brinchmann JE. Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:365-76. [PMID: 25789845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine and is a common condition in middle-aged and elderly women and men. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is caused by leakage of urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, and exercise, even standing leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Other types of UI also exist such as urge incontinence (also called overactive bladder), which is a strong and unexpected sudden urge to urinate, mixed forms of UI that result in symptoms of both urge and stress incontinence, and functional incontinence caused by reduced mobility, cognitive impairment, or neuromuscular limitations that impair mobility or dexterity. However, for many SUI patients, there is significant loss of urethral sphincter muscle due to degeneration of tissue, the strain and trauma of pregnancy and childbirth, or injury acquired during surgery. Hence, for individuals with SUI, a cell-based therapeutic approach to regenerate the sphincter muscle offers the advantage of treating the cause rather than the symptoms. We discuss current clinically relevant cell therapy approaches for regeneration of the external urethral sphincter (striated muscle), internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle), the neuromuscular synapse, and blood supply. The use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells is a major step in the right direction, but they may not be enough for regeneration of all components of the urethral sphincter. Inclusion of other cell types or biomaterials may also be necessary to enhance integration and survival of the transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hart
- 1 Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ander Izeta
- 2 Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia , San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Bastian Amend
- 4 Department of Urology, University of Tübingen , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- 5 Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- 6 Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
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Gaspar D, Spanoudes K, Holladay C, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. Progress in cell-based therapies for tendon repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:240-56. [PMID: 25543005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant developments in cell therapies, based on permanently differentiated, reprogrammed or engineered stem cells, for tendon injuries and degenerative conditions. In vitro studies assess the influence of biophysical, biochemical and biological signals on tenogenic phenotype maintenance and/or differentiation towards tenogenic lineage. However, the ideal culture environment has yet to be identified due to the lack of standardised experimental setup and readout system. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and tenocytes/dermal fibroblasts appear to be the cell populations of choice for clinical translation in equine and human patients respectively based on circumstantial, rather than on hard evidence. Collaborative, inter- and multi-disciplinary efforts are expected to provide clinically relevant and commercially viable cell-based therapies for tendon repair and regeneration in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Holladay
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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Mezey É, Brownstein MJ. Do circulating cells transdifferentiate and replenish stem cell pools in the brain and periphery? Bioessays 2015; 37:398-402. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Mezey
- Adult Stem Cell Section; NIH, NIDCR, CSDB; Bethesda MD USA
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Rauner G, Barash I. Xanthosine administration does not affect the proportion of epithelial stem cells in bovine mammary tissue, but has a latent negative effect on cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:186-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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