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Foltz L, Avabhrath N, Lanchy JM, Levy T, Possemato A, Ariss M, Peterson B, Grimes M. Craniofacial chondrogenesis in organoids from human stem cell-derived neural crest cells. iScience 2024; 27:109585. [PMID: 38623327 PMCID: PMC11016914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of cell signaling pathways that drive human neural crest differentiation into craniofacial chondrocytes is incomplete, yet essential for using stem cells to regenerate craniomaxillofacial structures. To accelerate translational progress, we developed a differentiation protocol that generated self-organizing craniofacial cartilage organoids from human embryonic stem cell-derived neural crest stem cells. Histological staining of cartilage organoids revealed tissue architecture and staining typical of elastic cartilage. Protein and post-translational modification (PTM) mass spectrometry and snRNA-seq data showed that chondrocyte organoids expressed robust levels of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components: many collagens, aggrecan, perlecan, proteoglycans, and elastic fibers. We identified two populations of chondroprogenitor cells, mesenchyme cells and nascent chondrocytes, and the growth factors involved in paracrine signaling between them. We show that ECM components secreted by chondrocytes not only create a structurally resilient matrix that defines cartilage, but also play a pivotal autocrine cell signaling role in determining chondrocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Foltz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Nagashree Avabhrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Lanchy
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Tyler Levy
- Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | | | - Majd Ariss
- Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | | | - Mark Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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2
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Vonk LA. Potency Assay Considerations for Cartilage Repair, Osteoarthritis and Use of Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:59-80. [PMID: 37258784 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in synovial joints acting as a shock absorber that helps movement of bones. Damage of the articular cartilage needs treatment as it does not repair itself and the damage can progress to osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis all the joint tissues are involved with characteristic progressive cartilage degradation and inflammation. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a well-proven cell-based treatment for cartilage defects, but a main downside it that it requires two surgeries. Multipotent, aka mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cartilage repair has gained attention as it can be used as a one-step treatment. It is proposed that a combination of immunomodulatory and regenerative capacities make MSC attractive for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, since part of the paracrine effects of MSCs are attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane enclosed particles secreted by cells, EVs are currently being widely investigated for their potential therapeutic effects. Although MSCs have entered clinical cartilage treatments and EVs are used in in vivo efficacy studies, not much attention has been given to determine their potency and to the development of potency assays. This chapter provides considerations and suggestions for the development of potency assays for the use of MSCs and MSC-EVs for the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Performance of Colombian Silk Fibroin Hydrogels for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040297. [PMID: 36547557 PMCID: PMC9788426 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and evaluation of scaffolds play a crucial role in the engineering of hyaline cartilage tissue. This work aims to evaluate the performance of silk fibroin hydrogels fabricated from the cocoons of the Colombian hybrid in the in vitro regeneration of hyaline cartilage. The scaffolds were physicochemically characterized, and their performance was evaluated in a cellular model. The results showed that the scaffolds were rich in random coils and β-sheets in their structure and susceptible to various serine proteases with different degradation profiles. Furthermore, they showed a significant increase in ACAN, COL10A1, and COL2A1 expression compared to pellet culture alone and allowed GAG deposition. The soluble portion of the scaffold did not affect chondrogenesis. Furthermore, they promoted the increase in COL1A2, showing a slight tendency to differentiate towards fibrous cartilage. The results also showed that Colombian silk could be used as a source of biomedical devices, paving the way for sericulture to become a more diverse economic activity in emerging countries.
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de Jong WC, Penn TW. Single-Surgery Co-Implantation of Autologous Primary Articular Chondrocytes with Bone Marrow Cells in the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions: Observations from the Operating Room on Tissue Input and Cell Output. Cartilage 2022; 13:32-42. [PMID: 36278377 PMCID: PMC9924989 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-surgery variants of autologous chondrocyte implantation to repair cartilage are emerging, but practical data on such procedures are scarce. We set out to describe a 1-stage autologous chondrocyte co-implantation procedure and include quantitative characteristics of the biopsy tissues collected and of the cells obtained from those tissues in the operating room. DESIGN Data concerning patient age, articular cartilage lesion size and location, as well as measurements of cartilage biopsy mass, bone marrow aspirate volume, and the cell yields harvested from those biopsies were intraoperatively collected for 141 patients. RESULTS The mean patient age was 35.7 ± 9.8 years, and the mean total lesion size was 4.0 ± 3.1 cm2. Cartilage biopsy mass ranged from 0.19 to 2.0 gram and provided a mean yield of 1.23 × 106 chondrocytes/gram. Bone marrow aspirate volume ranged from 7.2 to 62 milliliters and provided a mean yield of 7.18 × 106 mononuclear cells/mL. The cell yields did not correlate with patient age, which ranged from 12 to 57 years. The mean primary chondrocyte supply was 272 thousand per cm2 of lesion, ranging from 10.4 thousand to 1.07 million per cm2. The total cell supply was kept at 9 million cells per cm2 of lesion by adding mononuclear cells to the chondrocytes. The mean tissue processing time was 100 ± 19 minutes, which was frequently used to perform concurrent interventions. CONCLUSION Single-surgery co-implantation of clinically relevant numbers of autologous primary articular chondrocytes and bone marrow cells is feasible for a wide range of ages and lesion sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Cornelis de Jong
- Cartilage Repair Systems, LLC, New
York, NY, USA,Willem Cornelis de Jong, c/o Cartilage
Repair Systems B.V., Breullaan 1, 3971 NG Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The
Netherlands.
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5
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Saris TF, de Windt TS, Custers RJ, Saris DB. Use of allogeneic mesenchymal signaling cells (MSCs) to augment cartilage repair. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2022.150962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wu MJM, Sermer C, Kandel RA, Theodoropoulos JS. Characterization of Migratory Cells From Bioengineered Bovine Cartilage in a 3D Co-culture Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3090-3101. [PMID: 35983988 PMCID: PMC9442774 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte migration in native cartilage is limited and has been implicated as one of the reasons for the poor integration of native implants. Through use of an in vitro integration model, it has previously been shown that cells from bioengineered cartilage can migrate into the native host cartilage during integration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment further enhanced integration of bioengineered cartilage to native cartilage in vitro. However, it is not known how PRP treatment of the bioengineered construct promotes this. HYPOTHESIS PRP supports cell migration from bioengineered cartilage and these migratory cells have the ability to accumulate cartilage-like matrix. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral-like constructs were generated by culturing primary bovine chondrocytes on the top surface of a porous bone substitute biomaterial composed of calcium polyphosphate. After 1 week in culture, the constructs were submerged in PRP and placed adjacent, but 2 mm distant, to a native bovine osteochondral plug in a co-culture model for 2 weeks. Cell migration was monitored using phase-contrast imaging. Cell phenotype was determined by evaluating the gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13), Ki67, and cartilage matrix molecules using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. When tissue formed, it was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantification of matrix content. RESULTS PRP treatment resulted in the formation of a fiber network connecting the bioengineered cartilage and native osteochondral plug. Cells from both the bioengineered cartilage and the native osteochondral tissue migrated onto the PRP fibers and formed a tissue bridge after 2 weeks of culture. Migratory cells on the tissue bridge expressed higher levels of collagen types II and I (COL2, COL1), Ki67 and MMP-13 mRNA compared with nonmigratory cells in the bioengineered cartilage. Ki67 and MMP-13-positive cells were found on the edges of the tissue bridge. The tissue bridge accumulated COL1 and COL2 and aggrecan and contained comparable collagen and glycosaminoglycan content to the bioengineered cartilage matrix. The tissue bridge did not reliably develop in the absence of cells from the native osteochondral plug. CONCLUSION Bioengineered cartilage formed by bovine chondrocytes contains cells that can migrate on PRP fibers and form cartilaginous tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Migratory cells from bioengineered cartilage may promote cartilage integration. Further studies are required to determine the role of migratory cells in integration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia Michael Wu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Sermer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Rita A. Kandel, MD,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600
University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada (
)
| | - John S. Theodoropoulos
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount
Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Poddar D, Jain P. Surface modification of three-dimensional porous polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering applications: A focus review on physical modifications methods. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Purnima Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Zheng K, Ma Y, Chiu C, Pang Y, Gao J, Zhang C, Du D. Co-culture pellet of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:386. [PMID: 35907866 PMCID: PMC9338579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions. In this study, directly co-cultured rat costal chondrocytes (CCs) and human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem (hWJMSCs) cells were evaluated as a candidate to regenerate articular cartilage. METHODS Rat CCs are directly co-cultured with hWJMSCs in a pellet model at different ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) for 21 days. The monoculture pellets were used as controls. RT-qPCR, biochemical assays, histological staining and evaluations were performed to analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of each group. The 1:1 ratio co-culture pellet group together with monoculture controls were implanted into the osteochondral defects made on the femoral grooves of the rats for 4, 8, 12 weeks. Then, macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS Compared to rat CCs pellet group, 3:1 and 1:1 ratio group demonstrated similar extracellular matrix production but less hypertrophy intendency. Immunochemistry staining found the consistent results. RT-PCR analysis indicated that chondrogenesis was promoted in co-cultured rat CCs, while expressions of hypertrophic genes were inhibited. However, hWJMSCs showed only slightly improved in chondrogenesis but not significantly different in hypertrophic expressions. In vivo experiments showed that all the pellets filled the defects but co-culture pellets demonstrated reduced hypertrophy, better surrounding cartilage integration and appropriate subchondral bone remodeling. CONCLUSION Co-culture of rat CCs and hWJMSCs demonstrated stable chondrogenic phenotype and decreased hypertrophic intendency in both vitro and vivo. These results suggest this co-culture combination as a promising candidate in articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yiyang Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Dajiang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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9
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Marchan J, Wittig O, Diaz-Solano D, Gomez M, Cardier JE. Enhanced chondrogenesis from chondrocytes co-cultured on mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for cartilage repair. Injury 2022; 53:399-407. [PMID: 34670674 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy based on chondrocytes implantation is the most widely used procedure for inducing cartilage regeneration. However, the dedifferentiation process that these cells suffer and their limited capacity of proliferation, when they are cultured in vitro, restrict their use in cellular therapy protocols. To investigate the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to promote chondrogenesis from chondrocytes or chondrons in 2D and 3D coculture systems. Murine chondrocytes and chondrons were cocultured with MSCs at different cell ratios (100/0, 50/50, 70/30, 0/100) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. High proliferation of cells with chondrocyte morphology, enhanced GAG production and expression of cartilage genes (aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX-9) were observed in chondrocytes/MSCs cocultures. In contrast, fibroblastoid cells, down-regulation of cartilage gene expression and reduction of GAG production were observed in chondrons/MSCs cocultures. Chondrocytes within cartilage lacunae and surrounded by extracellular matrix were observed in chondrocytes/MSC pellets. MSCs promote the proliferation of functional chondrocytes in 2D and 3D culture systems. Transplantation of chondrogenic construct based on MSCs and chondrocytes may constitute a potential treatment for inducing cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marchan
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Olga Wittig
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Dylana Diaz-Solano
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Marcos Gomez
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Jose E Cardier
- Unidad de Terapia Celular - Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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10
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Kanda K, Asawa Y, Inaki R, Fujihara Y, Hoshi K, Hikita A. Requirement of direct contact between chondrocytes and macrophages for the maturation of regenerative cartilage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22476. [PMID: 34795319 PMCID: PMC8602279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative cartilage prepared from cultured chondrocytes is generally immature in vitro and matures after transplantation. Although many factors, including host cells and humoral factors, have been shown to affect cartilage maturation in vivo, the requirement of direct cell-cell contact between host and donor cells remains to be verified. In this study, we examined the host cells that promote cartilage maturation via cell-cell contact. Based on analysis of the transplanted chondrocytes, we examined the contribution of endothelial cells and macrophages. Using a semiclosed device that is permeable to tissue fluids while blocking host cells, we selectively transplanted chondrocytes and HUVECs or untreated/M1-polarized/M2-polarized RAW264.7 cells. As a result, untreated RAW264.7 cells induced cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, an in vitro coculture assay indicated communication between chondrocytes and RAW264.7 cells mediated by RNA, suggesting the involvement of extracellular vesicles in this process. These findings provide insights for establishing a method of in vitro cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanda
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Asawa
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inaki
- Department of Tissue Stem Cell and Dental Life Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujihara
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Li Q, Xu S, Feng Q, Dai Q, Yao L, Zhang Y, Gao H, Dong H, Chen D, Cao X. 3D printed silk-gelatin hydrogel scaffold with different porous structure and cell seeding strategy for cartilage regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3396-3410. [PMID: 33842736 PMCID: PMC8010633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolds are attractive for tissue defect repair and reorganization because of their human tissue-like characteristics. However, most hydrogels offer limited cell growth and tissue formation ability due to their submicron- or nano-sized gel networks, which restrict the supply of oxygen, nutrients and inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of encapsulated cells. In recent years, 3D printed hydrogels have shown great potential to overcome this problem by introducing macro-pores within scaffolds. In this study, we fabricated a macroporous hydrogel scaffold through horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated crosslinking of silk fibroin (SF) and tyramine-substituted gelatin (GT) by extrusion-based low-temperature 3D printing. Through physicochemical characterization, we found that this hydrogel has excellent structural stability, suitable mechanical properties, and an adjustable degradation rate, thus satisfying the requirements for cartilage reconstruction. Cell suspension and aggregate seeding methods were developed to assess the inoculation efficiency of the hydrogel. Moreover, the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells was explored. Stem cells in the hydrogel differentiated into hyaline cartilage when the cell aggregate seeding method was used and into fibrocartilage when the cell suspension was used. Finally, the effect of the hydrogel and stem cells were investigated in a rabbit cartilage defect model. After implantation for 12 and 16 weeks, histological evaluation of the sections was performed. We found that the enzymatic cross-linked and methanol treatment SF5GT15 hydrogel combined with cell aggregates promoted articular cartilage regeneration. In summary, this 3D printed macroporous SF-GT hydrogel combined with stem cell aggregates possesses excellent potential for application in cartilage tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of SCUT, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528437, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Qi Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Qiyuan Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Longtao Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Huichang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Hua Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510641, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of SCUT, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528437, China
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12
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Aiastui A, González-Fernández I, Hernáez-Moya R, Rodiño C, Delgado A, Garces JP, Paredes-Puente J, Aldazabal J, Altuna X, Izeta A. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Scaffolding for Nasal Cartilage Defects: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:343-353. [PMID: 33864626 PMCID: PMC8169726 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, three-dimensional (3D)-printing of tissue-engineered cartilaginous scaffolds is intended to close the surgical gap and provide bio-printed tissue designed to fit the specific geometric and functional requirements of each cartilage defect, avoiding donor site morbidity and offering a personalizing therapy. METHODS To investigate the role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair a systematic review of the electronic databases for 3D-Bioprinting articles pertaining to nasal cartilage bio-modelling was performed. The primary focus was to investigate cellular source, type of scaffold utilization, biochemical evaluation, histological analysis, in-vitro study, in-vivo study, animal model used, length of research, and placement of experimental construct and translational investigation. RESULTS From 1011 publications, 16 studies were kept for analysis. About cellular sources described, most studies used primary chondrocyte cultures. The cartilage used for cell isolation was mostly nasal septum. The most common biomaterial used for scaffold creation was polycaprolactone alone or in combination. About mechanical evaluation, we found a high heterogeneity, making it difficult to extract any solid conclusion. Regarding biological and histological characteristics of each scaffold, we found that the expression of collagen type I, collagen Type II and other ECM components were the most common patterns evaluated through immunohistochemistry on in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Only two studies made an orthotopic placement of the scaffolds. However, in none of the studies analyzed, the scaffold was placed in a subperichondrial pocket to rigorously simulate the cartilage environment. In contrast, scaffolds were implanted in a subcutaneous plane in almost all of the studies included. CONCLUSION The role of 3D-bioprinting scaffolding for nasal cartilage defects repair is growing field. Despite the amount of information collected in the last years and the first surgical applications described recently in humans. Further investigations are needed due to the heterogeneity on mechanical evaluation parameters, the high level of heterotopic scaffold implantation and the need for quantitative histological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodiño
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Delgado
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Histology Platform, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan P Garces
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes-Puente
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xabier Altuna
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Multidisciplinary 3D Printing Platform (3DPP), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pso. Mikeletegi 48, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
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13
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Saris TFF, de Windt TS, Kester EC, Vonk LA, Custers RJH, Saris DBF. Five-Year Outcome of 1-Stage Cell-Based Cartilage Repair Using Recycled Autologous Chondrons and Allogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A First-in-Human Clinical Trial. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:941-947. [PMID: 33591794 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520988069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term clinical evaluation of patient outcomes can steer treatment choices and further research for cartilage repair. Using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as signaling cells instead of stem cells is a novel approach in the field. PURPOSE To report the 5-year follow-up of safety, clinical efficacy, and durability after treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects in the knee with allogenic MSCs mixed with recycled autologous chondrons in first-in-human study of 1-stage cartilage repair. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS This study is an investigator-driven study aiming at the feasibility and safety of this innovative cartilage repair procedure. Between 2013 and 2014, a total of 35 patients (mean ± SD age, 36 ± 8 years) were treated with a 1-stage cartilage repair procedure called IMPACT (Instant MSC Product Accompanying Autologous Chondron Transplantation) for a symptomatic cartilage defect on the femoral condyle or trochlear groove. Subsequent follow-up after initial publication was performed annually using online patient-reported outcome measures with a mean follow-up of 61 months (range, 56-71 months). Patient-reported outcome measures included the KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), visual analog scale for pain, and EuroQol-5 Dimensions. All clinical data and serious adverse events, including additional treatment received after IMPACT, were recorded. A failure of IMPACT was defined as a chondral defect of at least 20% of the index lesion with a need for a reintervention including a surgical procedure or an intra-articular injection. RESULTS Using allogenic MSCs, no signs of a foreign body response or serious adverse reactions were recorded after 5 years. The majority of patients showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in the KOOS and all its subscales from baseline to 60 months: overall, 57.9 ± 16.3 to 78.9 ± 17.7 (P < .001); Pain, 62.3 ± 18.9 to 79.9 ± 20.0 (P = .03); Function, 61.6 ± 16.5 to 79.4 ± 17.3 (P = .01); Activities of Daily Living, 69.0 ± 19.0 to 89.9 ± 14.9 (P < .001); Sports and Recreation, 32.3 ± 22.6 to 57.5 ± 30.0 (P = .02); and Quality of Life, 25.9 ± 12.9 to 55.8 ± 26.8 (P < .001). The visual analog scale score for pain improved significantly from baseline (45.3 ± 23.6) to 60 months (15.4 ± 13.4) (P < .001). Five cases required reintervention. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing the midterm safety and efficacy of the proof of concept that allogenic MSCs augment 1-stage articular cartilage repair. The absence of serious adverse events and the clinical outcome support the longevity of this unique concept. These data support MSC-augmented chondron transplantation (IMPACT) as a safe 1-stage surgical solution that is considerably more cost-effective and a logistically advantageous alternative to conventional 2-stage cell-based therapy for articular chondral defects in the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim F F Saris
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tommy S de Windt
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee C Kester
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J H Custers
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Reconstructive medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Monaco G, El Haj AJ, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Ex Vivo Systems to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Integration. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:E6. [PMID: 33466400 PMCID: PMC7838775 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury and repair is an issue of growing importance. Although common, defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity, which is largely due to its avascular nature. There is a critical need to better study and understand cellular healing mechanisms to achieve more effective therapies for cartilage regeneration. This article aims to describe the key features of cartilage which is being modelled using tissue engineered cartilage constructs and ex vivo systems. These models have been used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation and to study the mechanisms of cartilage integration into the surrounding tissue. The review highlights the key regeneration principles of articular cartilage repair in healthy and diseased joints. Using co-culture models and novel bioreactor designs, the basis of regeneration is aligned with recent efforts for optimal therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Monaco
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
- Healthcare Technology Institute, Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
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15
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Apelgren P, Amoroso M, Säljö K, Lindahl A, Brantsing C, Stridh Orrhult L, Markstedt K, Gatenholm P, Kölby L. Long-term in vivo integrity and safety of 3D-bioprinted cartilaginous constructs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:126-136. [PMID: 32633102 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Long-term stability and biological safety are crucial for translation of 3D-bioprinting technology into clinical applications. Here, we addressed the long-term safety and stability issues associated with 3D-bioprinted constructs comprising a cellulose scaffold and human cells (chondrocytes and stem cells) over a period of 10 months in nude mice. Our findings showed that increasing unconfined compression strength over time significantly improved the mechanical stability of the cell-containing constructs relative to cell-free scaffolds. Additionally, the cell-free constructs exhibited a mean compressive stress and stiffness (compressive modulus) of 0.04 ± 0.05 MPa and 0.14 ± 0.18 MPa, respectively, whereas these values for the cell-containing constructs were 0.11 ± 0.08 MPa (p = .019) and 0.53 ± 0.59 MPa (p = .012), respectively. Moreover, histomorphologic analysis revealed that cartilage formed from the cell-containing constructs harbored an abundance of proliferating chondrocytes in clusters, and after 10 months, resembled native cartilage. Furthermore, extension of the experiment over the complete lifecycle of the animal model revealed no signs of ossification, fibrosis, necrosis, or implant-related tumor development in the 3D-bioprinted constructs. These findings confirm the in vivo biological safety and mechanical stability of 3D-bioprinted cartilaginous tissues and support their potential translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Apelgren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Brantsing
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Stridh Orrhult
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Markstedt
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
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16
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Korpershoek JV, Vonk LA, Kester EC, Creemers LB, de Windt TS, Kip MMA, Saris DBF, Custers RJH. Efficacy of one-stage cartilage repair using allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells and autologous chondron transplantation (IMPACT) compared to nonsurgical treatment for focal articular cartilage lesions of the knee: study protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:842. [PMID: 33036661 PMCID: PMC7547426 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage defects in the knee have poor intrinsic healing capacity and may lead to functional disability and osteoarthritis (OA). "Instant MSC Product accompanying Autologous Chondron Transplantation" (IMPACT) combines rapidly isolated recycled autologous chondrons with allogeneic MSCs in a one-stage surgery. IMPACT was successfully executed in a first-in-man investigator-driven phase I/II clinical trial in 35 patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of IMPACT to nonsurgical treatment for the treatment of large (2-8 cm2) articular cartilage defects in the knee. METHODS Sixty patients will be randomized to receive nonsurgical care or IMPACT. After 9 months of nonsurgical care, patients in the control group are allowed to receive IMPACT surgery. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), pain (numeric rating scale, NRS), and EuroQol five dimensions five levels (EQ5D-5 L) will be used to compare outcomes at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after inclusion. Cartilage formation will be assessed at baseline, and 6 and 18 months after inclusion using MRI. An independent rheumatologist will monitor the onset of a potential inflammatory response. (Severe) adverse events will be recorded. Lastly, the difference between IMPACT and nonsurgical care in terms of societal costs will be assessed by monitoring healthcare resource use and productivity losses during the study period. A health economic model will be developed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of IMPACT vs. nonsurgical treatment in terms of costs per quality adjusted life year over a 5-year time horizon. DISCUSSION This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of IMPACT compared to nonsurgical care. Additionally, safety of IMPACT will be assessed in 30 to 60 patients. Lastly, this study will evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IMPACT compared to nonsurgical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NL67161.000.18 [Registry ID: CCMO] 2018#003470#27 [EU-CTR; registered on 26 March 2019] NCT04236739 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] [registered after start of inclusion; 22 January 2020].
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Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Korpershoek
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Present Address: CO.DON AG, Warthestraße 21, D-14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - E. C. Kester
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T. S. de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. A. Kip
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Technohal, Hallenweg 5, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D. B. F. Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - R. J. H. Custers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Critchley S, Sheehy EJ, Cunniffe G, Diaz-Payno P, Carroll SF, Jeon O, Alsberg E, Brama PAJ, Kelly DJ. 3D printing of fibre-reinforced cartilaginous templates for the regeneration of osteochondral defects. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:130-143. [PMID: 32505800 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful osteochondral defect repair requires regenerating the subchondral bone whilst simultaneously promoting the development of an overlying layer of articular cartilage that is resistant to vascularization and endochondral ossification. During skeletal development articular cartilage also functions as a surface growth plate, which postnatally is replaced by a more spatially complex bone-cartilage interface. Motivated by this developmental process, the hypothesis of this study is that bi-phasic, fibre-reinforced cartilaginous templates can regenerate both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within osteochondral defects created in caprine joints. To engineer mechanically competent implants, we first compared a range of 3D printed fibre networks (PCL, PLA and PLGA) for their capacity to mechanically reinforce alginate hydrogels whilst simultaneously supporting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in vitro. These mechanically reinforced, MSC-laden alginate hydrogels were then used to engineer the endochondral bone forming phase of bi-phasic osteochondral constructs, with the overlying chondral phase consisting of cartilage tissue engineered using a co-culture of infrapatellar fat pad derived stem/stromal cells (FPSCs) and chondrocytes. Following chondrogenic priming and subcutaneous implantation in nude mice, these bi-phasic cartilaginous constructs were found to support the development of vascularised endochondral bone overlaid by phenotypically stable cartilage. These fibre-reinforced, bi-phasic cartilaginous templates were then evaluated in clinically relevant, large animal (caprine) model of osteochondral defect repair. Although the quality of repair was variable from animal-to-animal, in general more hyaline-like cartilage repair was observed after 6 months in animals treated with bi-phasic constructs compared to animals treated with commercial control scaffolds. This variability in the quality of repair points to the need for further improvements in the design of 3D bioprinted implants for joint regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Successful osteochondral defect repair requires regenerating the subchondral bone whilst simultaneously promoting the development of an overlying layer of articular cartilage. In this study, we hypothesised that bi-phasic, fibre-reinforced cartilaginous templates could be leveraged to regenerate both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within osteochondral defects. To this end we used 3D printed fibre networks to mechanically reinforce engineered transient cartilage, which also contained an overlying layer of phenotypically stable cartilage engineered using a co-culture of chondrocytes and stem cells. When chondrogenically primed and implanted into caprine osteochondral defects, these fibre-reinforced bi-phasic cartilaginous grafts were shown to spatially direct tissue development during joint repair. Such developmentally inspired tissue engineering strategies, enabled by advances in biofabrication and 3D printing, could form the basis of new classes of regenerative implants in orthopaedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon J Sheehy
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Cunniffe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro Diaz-Payno
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon F Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Orthopaedics, Pharmacology, and Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pieter A J Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Słynarski K, de Jong WC, Snow M, Hendriks JAA, Wilson CE, Verdonk P. Single-Stage Autologous Chondrocyte-Based Treatment for the Repair of Knee Cartilage Lesions: Two-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Single-Arm Multicenter Study. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1327-1337. [PMID: 32267734 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520912444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for a single-stage cartilage repair treatment that is cost-effective and chondrocyte-based. PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of autologous freshly isolated primary chondrocytes and bone marrow mononucleated cells (MNCs) seeded into a PolyActive scaffold in patients with symptomatic cartilage lesions of the knee. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A total of 40 patients with symptomatic knee cartilage lesions were treated with freshly isolated autologous chondrocytes combined with bone marrow MNCs delivered in a biodegradable load-bearing scaffold. The treatment requires only 1 surgical intervention and is potentially a cost-effective alternative to autologous chondrocyte implantation. The primary chondrocytes and bone marrow MNCs were isolated, washed, counted, mixed, and seeded into a load-bearing scaffold in the operating room. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary endpoints were treatment-related adverse events up to 3 months, adverse implant effects between 3 and 24 months, and the implant success rate at 3 months as measured by lesion filling. RESULTS Successful lesion filling (≥67% on magnetic resonance imaging) was found in 40 patients at 3 months and in 32 of the 32 patients analyzed at 24 months. Significant improvement over baseline was found for visual analog scale for pain from 3 months onward; Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)-Pain and KOOS-Activities of Daily Living from 6 months onward; for KOOS-Symptoms and Stiffness, KOOS-Quality of Life and International Knee Documentation Committee from 12 months onward; and for KOOS-Sport and Recreation from 18 months onward. Hyaline-like repair tissue was found in 22 of 31 patients available for biopsy. Arthralgia and joint effusion were the most common adverse events. Scaffold delamination and adhesions led to removal of the implant in 2 patients. CONCLUSION The treatment of knee cartilage lesions with autologous primary chondrocytes and bone marrow MNCs, both isolated and seeded into a load-bearing PolyActive scaffold within a single surgical intervention, is safe and clinically effective. Good lesion fill and sustained clinically important and statistically significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome scores were found throughout the 24-month study. Hyaline-like cartilage was observed on biopsy specimen in at least 22 of the 40 patients. REGISTRATION NCT01041885 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem Cornelis de Jong
- Cartilage Repair Systems, LLC, New York, New York, USA.,CellCoTec BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Clayton Ellis Wilson
- Cartilage Repair Systems, LLC, New York, New York, USA.,CellCoTec BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Verdonk
- Antwerp Orthopedic Center, AZ Monica, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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19
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Anderson-Baron M, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Osswald M, Ansari K, Seikaly H, Adesida AB. Nasal Chondrocyte-Derived Soluble Factors Affect Chondrogenesis of Cocultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:37-49. [PMID: 32122264 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of soluble factors released from human nasal chondrocytes (NCs) on cocultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and NC tissue-engineered constructs. Cartilage engineered from pure NCs on a three-dimensional (3D) porous collagen scaffold was cultured indirectly in a Transwell system with cartilage engineered from a direct coculture of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and NCs on a 3D porous collagen scaffold. The soluble factors were measured in the conditioned media from the different chambers of the Transwell system. Engineered cartilage from cocultures exposed to the pure NC construct exhibited reduced chondrogenic potential relative to control constructs, shown by reduced extracellular matrix deposition and increased expression of hypertrophic markers. Analysis of the soluble factors within the conditioned media showed an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the coculture chamber exposed to the pure NC construct. Principal component analysis revealed that the majority of the data variance could be explained by proinflammatory factors and hypertrophic chondrogenesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that inflammatory cytokines derived from NCs reduce the chondrogenic potential of coculture engineered cartilage through the induction of hypertrophic chondrogenesis. Impact statement The use of engineered cartilage from cocultured nasal chondrocytes (NCs) and mesenchymal stem cells for nasal cartilage reconstruction may be problematic. Our data suggest that the soluble factors from surrounding native NCs in the cartilage to be fixed can compromise the quality of the engineered cartilage if used in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Anderson-Baron
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Osswald
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine (iRSM), Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Khalid Ansari
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, 3-021 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Mechanical stimulation promotes the proliferation and the cartilage phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes co-cultured in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109146. [PMID: 31387186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes are an important source of the cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Therefore, the culture and expansion methods of these cells need to be improved to overcome the aging of chondrocytes and induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to expand the cells for cartilage tissue engineering by combining the advantages of growing cells in co-culture and under a mechanically-stimulated environment. Rabbit chondrocytes and co-cultured cells (bone mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes) were subjected to cyclic sinusoidal dynamic tensile mechanical stimulationusing the FX-4000 tension system. Chondrocyte proliferation was assayed by flow cytometry and CFSE labeling. The cell cartilage phenotype was determined by detecting GAG, collagen II and TGF-β1 protein expression by ELISA and the Col2α1, TGF-β1 and Sox9 gene expression by RT-PCR. The results show that the co-culture improved both the proliferation ability of chondrocytes and the cartilage phenotype of co-cultured cells. A proper cyclic sinusoidal dynamic tensile mechanical stimulation improved the proliferation ability and cartilage phenotype of chondrocytes and co-cultured cells. These results suggest that the co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with chondrocytes and proper mechanical stimulation may be an appropriate way to rapidly expand the cells that have an improved cartilage phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering.
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21
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research HubCardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research LaboratoriesKolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolNorthernRoyal North Shore HospitalSydney University St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
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22
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Campbell K, Naire S, Kuiper JH. A mathematical model of cartilage regeneration after chondrocyte and stem cell implantation - II: the effects of co-implantation. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419827792. [PMID: 30906519 PMCID: PMC6421605 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419827792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a mathematical model of cartilage regeneration after cell therapy, to show how co-implantation of stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells) and chondrocytes into a cartilage defect can impact chondral healing. The key mechanisms involved in the regeneration process are simulated by modelling cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, nutrient diffusion and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) synthesis at the defect site, both spatially and temporally. In addition, we model the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes by including growth factors. In Part I of this work, we have shown that matrix formation was enhanced at early times when mesenchymal stem cell-to-chondrocyte interactions due to the effects of growth factors were considered. In this article, we show that the additional effect of co-implanting mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes further enhances matrix production within the first year in comparison to implanting only chondrocytes or only mesenchymal stem cells. This could potentially reduce healing time allowing the patient to become mobile sooner after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Campbell
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Shailesh Naire
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jan Herman Kuiper
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic & District Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
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23
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Tayeb AH, Amini E, Ghasemi S, Tajvidi M. Cellulose Nanomaterials-Binding Properties and Applications: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E2684. [PMID: 30340374 PMCID: PMC6222763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are of increasing interest due to their appealing inherent properties such as bio-degradability, high surface area, light weight, chirality and the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds across the cellulose chains or within other polymeric matrices. Extending CN self-assembly into multiphase polymer structures has led to useful end-results in a wide spectrum of products and countless innovative applications, for example, as reinforcing agent, emulsion stabilizer, barrier membrane and binder. In the current contribution, after a brief description of salient nanocellulose chemical structure features, its types and production methods, we move to recent advances in CN utilization as an ecofriendly binder in several disparate areas, namely formaldehyde-free hybrid composites and wood-based panels, papermaking/coating processes, and energy storage devices, as well as their potential applications in biomedical fields as a cost-effective and tissue-friendly binder for cartilage regeneration, wound healing and dental repair. The prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials that may be produced via nanocellulose is introduced in light of the unique behavior of cellulose once in nano dimensions. Furthermore, we implement some principles of colloidal and interfacial science to discuss the critical role of cellulose binding in the aforesaid fields. Even though the CN facets covered in this study by no means encompass the great amount of literature available, they may be regarded as the basis for future developments in the binder applications of these highly desirable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Tayeb
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Ezatollah Amini
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Shokoofeh Ghasemi
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Mehdi Tajvidi
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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24
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Shin YS, Yoon JR, Kim HS, Lee SH. Intra-Articular Injection of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leading to Better Clinical Outcomes without Difference in MRI Outcomes from Baseline in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Relat Res 2018; 30:206-214. [PMID: 29983008 PMCID: PMC6122947 DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.17.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone marrow (BM) is frequently used as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because they have a high potential for differentiation. However, it is unclear whether BM-derived MSCs lead to better clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes postoperatively. Materials and Methods This meta-analysis compared the clinical and MRI outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) treated with BM-derived MSCs. Eight studies comparing the clinical and MRI outcomes assessed with various measurement tools in patients with knee OA treated with BM-derived MSCs were included. Results The range of motion (95% confidence interval [CI], −13.05 to 4.24; p=0.32) and MRI outcomes (95% CI, −0.16 to 1.40; p=0.12) did not differ significantly between the baseline and final follow-up. In contrast, pain (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.87; p<0.001) and functional outcomes (95% CI, 0.70 to 2.07; p<0.001) were significantly improved at the final follow-up when compared to the baseline. Conclusions This meta-analysis found no significant difference in the tested range of motion and MRI outcomes between the baseline and the final follow-up in patients treated with BM-derived MSCs, whereas significant functional improvement and pain relief were noted when compared with the baseline. Thus, BM-derived MSCs appear to be a viable alternative for patients with knee OA, although long-term and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soo Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ro Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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25
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Combating Osteoarthritis through Stem Cell Therapies by Rejuvenating Cartilage: A Review. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5421019. [PMID: 29765416 PMCID: PMC5885495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5421019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder which could be distinguished by erosion of articular cartilage, pain, stiffness, and crepitus. Not only aging-associated alterations but also the metabolic factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity affect articular tissues and may initiate or exacerbate the OA. The poor self-healing ability of articular cartilage due to limited regeneration in chondrocytes further adversely affects the osteoarthritic microenvironment. Traditional and current surgical treatment procedures for OA are limited and incapable to reverse the damage of articular cartilage. To overcome these limitations, cell-based therapies are currently being employed to repair and regenerate the structure and function of articular tissues. These therapies not only depend upon source and type of stem cells but also on environmental conditions, growth factors, and chemical and mechanical stimuli. Recently, the pluripotent and various multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have been employed for OA therapy, due to their differentiation potential towards chondrogenic lineage. Additionally, the stem cells have also been supplemented with growth factors to achieve higher healing response in osteoarthritic cartilage. In this review, we summarized the current status of stem cell therapies in OA pathophysiology and also highlighted the potential areas of further research needed in regenerative medicine.
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26
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Zhang H, Li ZL, Yang F, Zhang Q, Su XZ, Li J, Zhang N, Liu CH, Mao N, Zhu H. Radial shockwave treatment promotes human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and enhances cartilage healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523197 PMCID: PMC5845163 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shockwaves and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely accepted as useful tools for many orthopedic applications. However, the modulatory effects of shockwaves on MSCs remain controversial. In this study, we explored the influence of radial shockwaves on human bone marrow MSCs using a floating model in vitro and evaluated the healing effects of these cells on cartilage defects in vivo using a rabbit model. METHODS MSCs were cultured in vitro, harvested, resuspended, and treated with various doses of radial shockwaves in a floating system. Cell proliferation was evaluated by growth kinetics and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, the cell cycle and apoptotic activity were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. To explore the "stemness" of MSCs, cell colony-forming tests and multidifferentiation assays were performed. We also examined the MSC subcellular structure using transmission electron microscopy and examined the healing effects of these cells on cartilage defects by pathological analyses. RESULTS The results of growth kinetics and CCK-8 assays showed that radial shockwave treatment significantly promoted MSC proliferation. Enhanced cell growth was also reflected by an increase in the numbers of cells in the S phase and a decrease in the numbers of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase in shockwave-treated MSCs. Unexpectedly, shockwaves caused a slight increase in MSC apoptosis rates. Furthermore, radial shockwaves promoted self-replicating activity of MSCs. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that MSCs were metabolically activated by shockwave treatment. In addition, radial shockwaves favored MSC osteogenic differentiation but inhibited adipogenic activity. Most importantly, MSCs pretreated by radial shockwaves exhibited an enhanced healing effect on cartilage defects in vivo. Compared with control groups, shockwave-treated MSCs combined with bio-scaffolds significantly improved histological scores of injured rabbit knees. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we found that radial shockwaves significantly promoted the proliferation and self-renewal of MSCs in vitro and safely accelerated the cartilage repair process in vivo, indicating favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhong-Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Zheng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Tai Ping Road 27, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Tai Ping Road 27, Beijing, China.
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27
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Pleumeekers MM, Nimeskern L, Koevoet JLM, Karperien M, Stok KS, van Osch GJVM. Trophic effects of adipose-tissue-derived and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance cartilage generation by chondrocytes in co-culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190744. [PMID: 29489829 PMCID: PMC5830031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has great potential for cell-based cartilage repair. However, there is much debate regarding the mechanisms behind this concept. We aimed to clarify the mechanisms that lead to chondrogenesis (chondrocyte driven MSC-differentiation versus MSC driven chondroinduction) and whether their effect was dependent on MSC-origin. Therefore, chondrogenesis of human adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and bone-marrow-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) combined with bovine articular chondrocytes (bACs) was compared. METHODS hAMSCs or hBMSCs were combined with bACs in alginate and cultured in vitro or implanted subcutaneously in mice. Cartilage formation was evaluated with biochemical, histological and biomechanical analyses. To further investigate the interactions between bACs and hMSCs, (1) co-culture, (2) pellet, (3) Transwell® and (4) conditioned media studies were conducted. RESULTS The presence of hMSCs-either hAMSCs or hBMSCs-increased chondrogenesis in culture; deposition of GAG was most evidently enhanced in hBMSC/bACs. This effect was similar when hMSCs and bAC were combined in pellet culture, in alginate culture or when conditioned media of hMSCs were used on bAC. Species-specific gene-expression analyses demonstrated that aggrecan was expressed by bACs only, indicating a predominantly trophic role for hMSCs. Collagen-10-gene expression of bACs was not affected by hBMSCs, but slightly enhanced by hAMSCs. After in-vivo implantation, hAMSC/bACs and hBMSC/bACs had similar cartilage matrix production, both appeared stable and did not calcify. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that replacing 80% of bACs by either hAMSCs or hBMSCs does not influence cartilage matrix production or stability. The remaining chondrocytes produce more matrix due to trophic factors produced by hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Pleumeekers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L. Nimeskern
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. L. M. Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Karperien
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA-institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - K. S. Stok
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G. J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Critchley SE, Eswaramoorthy R, Kelly DJ. Low‐oxygen conditions promote synergistic increases in chondrogenesis during co‐culture of human osteoarthritic stem cells and chondrocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1074-1084. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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29
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Apelgren P, Amoroso M, Lindahl A, Brantsing C, Rotter N, Gatenholm P, Kölby L. Chondrocytes and stem cells in 3D-bioprinted structures create human cartilage in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189428. [PMID: 29236765 PMCID: PMC5728520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair and replacement is a major challenge in plastic reconstructive surgery. The development of a process capable of creating a patient-specific cartilage framework would be a major breakthrough. Here, we described methods for creating human cartilage in vivo and quantitatively assessing the proliferative capacity and cartilage-formation ability in mono- and co-cultures of human chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted hydrogel scaffold. The 3D-bioprinted constructs (5 × 5 × 1.2 mm) were produced using nanofibrillated cellulose and alginate in combination with human chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells using a 3D-extrusion bioprinter. Immediately following bioprinting, the constructs were implanted subcutaneously on the back of 48 nude mice and explanted after 30 and 60 days, respectively, for morphological and immunohistochemical examination. During explantation, the constructs were easy to handle, and the majority had retained their macroscopic grid appearance. Constructs consisting of human nasal chondrocytes showed good proliferation ability, with 17.2% of the surface areas covered with proliferating chondrocytes after 60 days. In constructs comprising a mixture of chondrocytes and stem cells, an additional proliferative effect was observed involving chondrocyte production of glycosaminoglycans and type 2 collagen. This clinically highly relevant study revealed 3D bioprinting as a promising technology for the creation of human cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Apelgren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Brantsing
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
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30
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Huang S, Song X, Li T, Xiao J, Chen Y, Gong X, Zeng W, Yang L, Chen C. Pellet coculture of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells with chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles promotes chondrogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:264. [PMID: 29141683 PMCID: PMC5688648 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell source plays a key role in cell-based cartilage repair and regeneration. Recent efforts in cell coculture have attempted to combine the advantages and negate the drawbacks of the constituent cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chondrogenic outcome of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in direct coculture. Methods ACs and IPFP MSCs from the same patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were cocultured in monolayer and in pellets. The monocultures of each cell type were also used as controls. Morphological and histologic analysis, immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to characterize the chondrogenic differentiation of cocultures. Furthermore, the effects of chitosan/hyaluronic acid (CS/HA) nanoparticle exposure on the chondrogenesis of cocultures were examined. Results In both monolayer and pellet coculture, the hypertrophy of MSCs and the inflammatory activities of ACs were inhibited, although the chondrogenic production in coculture was not promoted compared with that in monoculture. In addition, the exposure of CS/HA nanoparticles to pellet coculture improved the production of type II collagen and aggrecan. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that pellet coculture of ACs and IPFP MSCs with CS/HA nanoparticles could promote chondrogenic outcome while preventing the inflammatory status of ACs and the hypertrophic differentiation of MSCs. These findings suggest that the combination of ACs, IPFP MSCs, and CS/HA might be useful in cartilage repair in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfang Xiao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yemiao Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Xu L, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. Non-contact Coculture Reveals a Comprehensive Response of Chondrocytes Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Trophic Secretion. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 15:37-48. [PMID: 30603533 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has significant implications in cartilage regeneration. However, a conclusive understanding remains elusive. Previously, we reported that rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbBMSCs) could downregulate the differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes (rbACs) in a non-contact coculture system for the first time. In the present study, a systemic investigation was performed to understand the biological characteristics of chondrocytes in coculture with MSCs. Firstly, cells (MSCs and chondrocytes) from different origins were cocultured in transwell system. Different chondrocytes, when cocultured with different MSCs respectively, consistently demonstrated stimulated proliferation, transformed morphology and declined glycosaminoglycan secretion of chondrocytes. Next, cell surface molecules and the global gene expression of rbACs were characterized. It was found that cocultured rbACs showed a distinct surface molecule profile and global gene expression compared to both dedifferentiated rbACs and rbBMSCs. In the end, cocultured rbACs were passaged and induced to undergo the chondrogenic redifferentiation. Better growth and chondrogenesis ability were confirmed compared with control cells without coculture. Together, chondrocytes display comprehensive changes in coculture with MSCs and the cocultured rbACs are beneficial for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Wang M, Hao C, Lu L, Gao S, Zhang X, Li X, Chen M, Li P, Jiang P, Lu S, Liu S, Guo Q. Co-culture systems-based strategies for articular cartilage tissue engineering. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1940-1951. [PMID: 28548713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage engineering facilitates repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage using engineered tissue that restores the functional properties of the impaired joint. The seed cells used most frequently in tissue engineering, are chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Seed cells activity plays a key role in the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue. However, seed cells undergo undesirable changes after in vitro processing procedures, such as degeneration of cartilage cells and induced hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells, which hinder cartilage tissue engineering. Compared to monoculture, which does not mimic the in vivo cellular environment, co-culture technology provides a more realistic microenvironment in terms of various physical, chemical, and biological factors. Co-culture technology is used in cartilage tissue engineering to overcome obstacles related to the degeneration of seed cells, and shows promise for cartilage regeneration and repair. In this review, we focus first on existing co-culture systems for cartilage tissue engineering and related fields, and discuss the conditions and mechanisms thereof. This is followed by methods for optimizing seed cell co-culture conditions to generate functional neo-cartilage tissue, which will lead to a new era in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Institute of Anesthesia, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Medicine, Naikai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghao Li
- School of Medicine, Naikai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Halib N, Perrone F, Cemazar M, Dapas B, Farra R, Abrami M, Chiarappa G, Forte G, Zanconati F, Pozzato G, Murena L, Fiotti N, Lapasin R, Cansolino L, Grassi G, Grassi M. Potential Applications of Nanocellulose-Containing Materials in the Biomedical Field. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E977. [PMID: 28825682 PMCID: PMC5578343 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of its high biocompatibility, bio-degradability, low-cost and easy availability, cellulose finds application in disparate areas of research. Here we focus our attention on the most recent and attractive potential applications of cellulose in the biomedical field. We first describe the chemical/structural composition of cellulose fibers, the cellulose sources/features and cellulose chemical modifications employed to improve its properties. We then move to the description of cellulose potential applications in biomedicine. In this field, cellulose is most considered in recent research in the form of nano-sized particle, i.e., nanofiber cellulose (NFC) or cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). NFC is obtained from cellulose via chemical and mechanical methods. CNC can be obtained from macroscopic or microscopic forms of cellulose following strong acid hydrolysis. NFC and CNC are used for several reasons including the mechanical properties, the extended surface area and the low toxicity. Here we present some potential applications of nano-sized cellulose in the fields of wound healing, bone-cartilage regeneration, dental application and different human diseases including cancer. To witness the close proximity of nano-sized cellulose to the practical biomedical use, examples of recent clinical trials are also reported. Altogether, the described examples strongly support the enormous application potential of nano-sized cellulose in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Halib
- Department of Basic Sciences & Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Level 15, Tower B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia;.
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Chiarappa
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Surgery and Health Sciences, Department of Medical, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Surgery and Health Sciences, Department of Medical, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luigi Murena
- Surgery and Health Sciences, Department of Medical, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Surgery and Health Sciences, Department of Medical, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Laura Cansolino
- Department of Clinico-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia and IRCCS S, Matteo Hospital Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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de Windt TS, Vonk LA, Saris DBF. Response to: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Time to Change the Name! Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1747-1748. [PMID: 28696033 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy S de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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de Windt TS, Vonk LA, Slaper-Cortenbach ICM, Nizak R, van Rijen MHP, Saris DBF. Allogeneic MSCs and Recycled Autologous Chondrons Mixed in a One-Stage Cartilage Cell Transplantion: A First-in-Man Trial in 35 Patients. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1984-1993. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy S. de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A. Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Razmara Nizak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel B. F. Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; USA
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Arora A, Sriram M, Kothari A, Katti DS. Co-culture of infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and articular chondrocytes in plasma clot for cartilage tissue engineering. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:881-894. [PMID: 28479049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell source plays a deterministic role in defining the outcome of a cell-based cartilage regenerative therapy and its clinical translational ability. Recent efforts in the direction of co-culture of two or more cell types attempt to combine the advantages of constituent cell types and negate their demerits. METHODS We examined the potential of co-culture of infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (IFP MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) in plasma clots in terms of their ratios and culture formats for cartilage tissue engineering. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was observed that IFP MSCs and ACs interact positively to produce a better quality hyaline cartilage-like matrix. While a supra-additive deposition of sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), collagen type II, aggrecan and link protein was observed, deposition of collagen type I and X was sub-additive. (Immuno)-histologically similar cartilage was generated in vitro in IFP MSC:AC ratio of 50:50 and pure AC groups thus yielding a hyaline cartilage with 50% reduced requirement of ACs. Subsequently, we investigated if this response could be improved further by enabling better cell-cell interactions using scaffold-free systems such as self-assembled cartilage or by encapsulating cellular micro-aggregates in plasma clot. However, it was inferred that while self-assembly may have enabled better cell-cell interaction, poor cell survival negated its overall beneficial role, whereas the micro-aggregate group demonstrated highly heterogeneous matrix deposition within the construct, thus diminishing its translational utility. Overall, it was concluded that co-culture of IFP MSCs and ACs at a ratio of 50:50 within plasma clots demonstrated potential for cell-based cartilage regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arora
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sriram
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaney Kothari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Korpershoek JV, de Windt TS, Hagmeijer MH, Vonk LA, Saris DBF. Cell-Based Meniscus Repair and Regeneration: At the Brink of Clinical Translation?: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967117690131. [PMID: 28321424 PMCID: PMC5347439 DOI: 10.1177/2325967117690131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meniscus damage can be caused by trauma or degeneration and is therefore common among patients of all ages. Repair or regeneration of the menisci could be of great importance not only for pain relief or regaining function but also to prevent degenerative disease and osteoarthritis. Current treatment does not offer consistent long-term improvement. Although preclinical research focusing on augmentation of meniscal tear repair and regeneration after meniscectomy is encouraging, clinical translation remains difficult. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the literature on in vivo meniscus regeneration and explore the optimal cell sources and conditions for clinical translation. We aimed at thorough evaluation of current evidence as well as clarifying the challenges for future preclinical and clinical studies. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A search was conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Search terms included meniscus, regeneration, and cell-based. Results: After screening 81 articles based on title and abstract, 51 articles on in vivo meniscus regeneration could be included; 2 additional articles were identified from the references. Repair and regeneration of the meniscus has been described by intra-articular injection of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells from adipose tissue, bone marrow, synovium, or meniscus or the use of these cell types in combination with implantable or injectable scaffolds. The use of fibrochondrocytes, chondrocytes, and transfected myoblasts for meniscus repair and regeneration is limited to the combination with different scaffolds. The comparative in vitro and in vivo studies mentioned in this review indicate that the use of allogeneic cells is as successful as the use of autologous cells. In addition, the implantation or injection of cell-seeded scaffolds increased tissue regeneration and led to better structural organization compared with scaffold implantation or injection of a scaffold alone. None of the studies mentioned in this review compare the effectiveness of different (cell-seeded) scaffolds. Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in animal models, cell types, and scaffolds used, and limited comparative studies are available. The comparative in vivo research that is currently available is insufficient to draw strong conclusions as to which cell type is the most promising. However, there is a vast amount of in vivo research on the use of different types of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells in different experimental settings, and good results are reported in terms of tissue formation. None of these studies compare the effectiveness of different cell-scaffold combinations, making it hard to conclude which scaffold has the greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn V Korpershoek
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy S de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michella H Hagmeijer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Möller T, Amoroso M, Hägg D, Brantsing C, Rotter N, Apelgren P, Lindahl A, Kölby L, Gatenholm P. In Vivo Chondrogenesis in 3D Bioprinted Human Cell-laden Hydrogel Constructs. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1227. [PMID: 28280669 PMCID: PMC5340484 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology allows creation of 3D constructs in a layer-by-layer fashion utilizing biologically relevant materials such as biopolymers and cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of 3D bioprinting in a clinically relevant setting to evaluate the potential of this technique for in vivo chondrogenesis. METHODS Thirty-six nude mice (Balb-C, female) received a 5- × 5- × 1-mm piece of bioprinted cell-laden nanofibrillated cellulose/alginate construct in a subcutaneous pocket. Four groups of printed constructs were used: (1) human (male) nasal chondrocytes (hNCs), (2) human (female) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), (3) coculture of hNCs and hBMSCs in a 20/80 ratio, and (4) Cell-free scaffolds (blank). After 14, 30, and 60 days, the scaffolds were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical, and mechanical analysis. RESULTS The constructs had good mechanical properties and keep their structural integrity after 60 days of implantation. For both the hNC constructs and the cocultured constructs, a gradual increase of glycosaminoglycan production and hNC proliferation was observed. However, the cocultured group showed a more pronounced cell proliferation and enhanced deposition of human collagen II demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS In vivo chondrogenesis in a 3D bioprinted human cell-laden hydrogel construct has been demonstrated. The trophic role of the hBMSCs in stimulating hNC proliferation and matrix deposition in the coculture group suggests the potential of 3D bioprinting of human cartilage for future application in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Möller
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Hägg
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Camilla Brantsing
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Apelgren
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anders Lindahl
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Kölby
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- From the 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; and University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Ouyang A, Cerchiari AE, Tang X, Liebenberg E, Alliston T, Gartner ZJ, Lotz JC. Effects of cell type and configuration on anabolic and catabolic activity in 3D co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:61-73. [PMID: 27699833 PMCID: PMC5258652 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering constructs to treat intervertebral disc degeneration must adapt to the hypoxic and inflammatory degenerative disc microenvironment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two key design factors, cell type and cell configuration, on the regenerative potential of nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) constructs. Anabolic and catabolic activity was quantified in constructs of varying cell type (NPCs, MSCs, and a 50:50 co-culture) and varying configuration (individual cells and micropellets). Anabolic and catabolic outcomes were both dependent on cell type. Gene expression of Agg and Col2A1, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and aggrecan immunohistochemistry (IHC), were significantly higher in NPC-only and co-culture groups than in MSC-only groups, with NPC-only groups exhibiting the highest anabolic gene expression levels. However, NPC-only constructs also responded to inflammation and hypoxia with significant upregulation of catabolic genes (MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5). MSC-only groups were unaffected by degenerative media conditions, and co-culture with MSCs modulated catabolic induction of the NPCs. Culturing cells in a micropellet configuration dramatically reduced catabolic induction in co-culture and NPC-only groups. Co-culture micropellets, which take advantage of both cell type and configuration effects, had the most immunomodulatory response, with a significant decrease in MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression in hypoxic and inflammatory media conditions. Co-culture micropellets were also found to self-organize into bilaminar formations with an MSC core and NPC outer layer. Further understanding of these cell type and configuration effects can improve tissue engineering designs. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:61-73, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ouyang
- University of California; San Francisco California
| | | | - Xinyan Tang
- University of California; San Francisco California
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40
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Li Z, Ba R, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhao Y, Wu W. Angiogenic Potential of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chondrocyte Brick-Enriched Constructs Promoted Stable Regeneration of Craniofacial Cartilage. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:601-612. [PMID: 28191761 PMCID: PMC5442805 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial deformities caused by congenital defects or trauma remain challenges for clinicians, whereas current surgical interventions present limited therapeutic outcomes. Injection of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the defect is highly desirable because such a procedure is microinvasive and grafts are more flexible to fill the lesions. However, preventing hypertrophic transition and morphological contraction remain significant challenges. We have developed an “all host derived” cell transplantation system composed of chondrocyte brick (CB)‐enriched platelet‐rich plasma (P) gel and BMSCs (B). Without exogenous biomaterials or growth factors, such grafts regenerate cartilage efficiently and present great clinical promise. In immunodeficient mice, we compared performance of BMSCs and BMSCs lacking angiogenic potential in CB‐B‐P constructs and followed the cartilage maturation process by histology, immunostaining, micro‐computed tomography, and protein analysis. We determined that angiogenesis occurred quickly inside rudimentary cartilage derived from CB‐B‐P constructs after implantation, which improved tissue survival, tissue growth, and production of chondrogenic signals from chondrocytes. In contrast, silencing angiogenic potential of BMSCs led to poor chondrogenesis accompanied by necrosis. Chondrocyte bricks merged rapidly with angiogenesis, which constituted an enclosed chondrogenic niche and effectively inhibited runt‐related transcription factor‐2‐dependent hypertrophic transition of BMSCs as well as endochondral ossification; progressive chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs resulted in vascularization regression, thus favoring persistent chondrogenesis and effectively augmenting nasal cartilage. In conclusion, these findings provided a novel, efficient approach to regenerating cartilage tissues in vivo. Chondrocyte bricks mixed with P provide transient vascularization and a persistently chondrogenic microenvironment for BMSCs; this provides a mini‐invasive approach for craniofacial cartilage reconstruction. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:601–612
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruikai Ba
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifa Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Wu Y, Xiong Z, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reshape and Provoke Proliferation of Articular Chondrocytes by Paracrine Secretion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32705. [PMID: 27596239 PMCID: PMC5011711 DOI: 10.1038/srep32705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) represents a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. This study aimed at elaborating how ACs were regulated by MSCs. Rabbit ACs (rACs) and rabbit MSCs (rMSCs) were seeded separately in a Transwell system to initiate non-contact coculture in growth medium without chondrogenic factors. Cell morphology, cell proliferation, production of extracellular matrix (ECM), and gene expression of rACs were characterized. Upon coculture, rACs underwent a morphological transition from a rounded or polygonal shape into a fibroblast-like one and proliferation was provoked simultaneously. Such effects were dependent on the amount of rMSCs. Along with these changes, ECM production and gene expression of rACs were also perturbed. Importantly, when a ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) was supplemented to coculture, the effects except that on cell proliferation were inhibited, suggesting the involvement of RhoA/ROCK signaling. By applying an inhibitor (BIBF1120) of VEGFR1/2/3, FGFR1/2/3 and PDGFRα/β in coculture, or supplementing FGF-1, VEGF-A and PDGFbb in monoculture, it was confirmed that the paracrine factors by rMSCs mediated the compounding effects on rACs. These findings shed light on MSCs-ACs interactions and might confer an insight view on cell-based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Malda J, Boere J, van de Lest CHA, van Weeren PR, Wauben MHM. Extracellular vesicles — new tool for joint repair and regeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:243-9. [PMID: 26729461 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), present in synovial fluid and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), are involved in joint development and in the regulation of joint homeostasis. Although the exact function of EVs in these processes remains incompletely defined, the knowledge already acquired in this field suggests a role for these EVs as biomarkers of joint disease, and as a new tool to restore joint homeostasis and enhance articular tissue regeneration. In addition to direct injection of therapeutic EVs into the target site, surface coating of scaffolds and embedding of EVs in hydrogels might also lead to novel therapeutic possibilities. Based on the existing literature of EVs in synovial fluid and articular tissues, and investigation of the molecular factors (including microRNAs) active in joint homeostasis (or during its disturbance), we postulate novel perspectives for the implementation of EVs as a regenerative medicine approach in joint repair.
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de Windt TS, Sorel JC, Vonk LA, Kip MMA, Ijzerman MJ, Saris DBF. Early health economic modelling of single-stage cartilage repair. Guiding implementation of technologies in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2950-2959. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy S. de Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Juliette C. Sorel
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A. Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Michelle M. A. Kip
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. Ijzerman
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Daniel B. F. Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biotechnology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
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Abstract
One of the most important issues facing cartilage tissue engineering is the inability to move technologies into the clinic. Despite the multitude of current research in the field, it is known that 90% of new drugs that advance past animal studies fail clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide readers with an understanding of the scientific details of tissue engineered cartilage products that have demonstrated a certain level of efficacy in humans, so that newer technologies may be developed upon this foundation. Compared to existing treatments, such as microfracture or autologous chondrocyte implantation, a tissue engineered product can potentially provide more consistent clinical results in forming hyaline repair tissue and in filling the entirety of the defect. The various tissue engineering strategies (e.g., cell expansion, scaffold material, media formulations, biomimetic stimuli, etc.) used in forming these products, as collected from published literature, company websites, and relevant patents, are critically discussed. The authors note that many details about these products remain proprietary, not all information is made public, and that advancements to the products are continuously made. Nevertheless, by understanding the design and production processes of these emerging technologies, one can gain tremendous insight into how to best use them and also how to design the next generation of tissue engineered cartilage products.
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Huang BJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Cell-based tissue engineering strategies used in the clinical repair of articular cartilage. Biomaterials 2016; 98:1-22. [PMID: 27177218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important issues facing cartilage tissue engineering is the inability to move technologies into the clinic. Despite the multitude of current research in the field, it is known that 90% of new drugs that advance past animal studies fail clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide readers with an understanding of the scientific details of tissue engineered cartilage products that have demonstrated a certain level of efficacy in humans, so that newer technologies may be developed upon this foundation. Compared to existing treatments, such as microfracture or autologous chondrocyte implantation, a tissue engineered product can potentially provide more consistent clinical results in forming hyaline repair tissue and in filling the entirety of the defect. The various tissue engineering strategies (e.g., cell expansion, scaffold material, media formulations, biomimetic stimuli, etc.) used in forming these products, as collected from published literature, company websites, and relevant patents, are critically discussed. The authors note that many details about these products remain proprietary, not all information is made public, and that advancements to the products are continuously made. Nevertheless, by understanding the design and production processes of these emerging technologies, one can gain tremendous insight into how to best use them and also how to design the next generation of tissue engineered cartilage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, USA.
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, USA.
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis, USA.
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Mitochondria Damage Induced by Hypoxia in Mouse Trophoblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153729. [PMID: 27100996 PMCID: PMC4839652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to observe the change of mitochondrial function and structure as well as the cell function induced by hypoxia in mouse trophoblasts, and moreover, to validate the restoration of these changes after co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hereinafter referred to as “MSCs”). Further, we explored the mechanism of MSCs attenuating the functional damage of trophoblasts caused by hypoxia. Methods Cells were divided into two groups, trophoblasts and MSCs+trophoblasts respectively, and the two groups of cells were incubated with normoxia or hypoxia. Chemiluminescence was used to assay the β-HCG and progesterone in cell culture supernatants quantitatively. Western blotting and PCR were applied to detect the expression of Mfn2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 in the two groups. The mitochondrial membrane potential of each group of cells was detected with JC-1 dye and the ATP content was measured by the phosphomolybdic acid colorimetric method. We utilized transmission electron microscopy for observing the ultrastructure of mitochondria in trophoblasts. Finally, we assessed the cell apoptosis with flow cytometry (FCM) and analyzed the expression of the apoptosis related genes—Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 by western blotting. Results The results showed that the Mfn2 expression was reduced after 4 h in hypoxia compared with that in normoxia, but increased in the co-culture group when compared with that in the separated-culture group (p<0.05). In addition, compared with the separated-culture group, theβ-HCG and progesterone levels in the co-culture group were significantly enhanced (p<0.05), and so were the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 (p<0.05). Moreover, it exhibited significantly higher in ATP levels and intensified about the mitochondrial membrane potential in the co-culture group. TEM revealed disorders of the mitochondrial cristae and presented short rod-like structure and spheroids in hypoxia, however, in the co-culture group, the mitochondrial cristae had a relatively regular arrangement and the mitochondrial ultrastructure showed hyperfusion. The expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 was decreased in the co-culture group when compared with that in trophoblast cells cultured alone (p<0.05), while the Bcl-2 levels and the Apoptosis Index (AI) were markedly increased in the co-culture group (p<0.05). Conclusion Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can attenuate mitochondria damage and cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia; the mechanism could be upregulating the expression of Mfn2 in mouse trophoblasts and changing mitochondrial structure.
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Cokelaere S, Malda J, van Weeren R. Cartilage defect repair in horses: Current strategies and recent developments in regenerative medicine of the equine joint with emphasis on the surgical approach. Vet J 2016; 214:61-71. [PMID: 27387728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chondral and osteochondral lesions due to injury or other pathology are highly prevalent conditions in horses (and humans) and commonly result in the development of osteoarthritis and progression of joint deterioration. Regenerative medicine of articular cartilage is an emerging clinical treatment option for patients with articular cartilage injury or disease. Functional articular cartilage restoration, however, remains a major challenge, but the field is progressing rapidly and there is an increasing body of supportive clinical and scientific evidence. This review gives an overview of the established and emerging surgical techniques employed for cartilage repair in horses. Through a growing insight in surgical cartilage repair possibilities, surgeons might be more stimulated to explore novel techniques in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cokelaere
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
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Xu F, Xu L, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. A three-dimensional dynamic coculture system enabling facile cell separation for chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Three-dimensional dynamic fabrication of engineered cartilage based on chitosan/gelatin hybrid hydrogel scaffold in a spinner flask with a special designed steel frame. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:384-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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de Windt TS, Saris DBF, Slaper-Cortenbach ICM, van Rijen MHP, Gawlitta D, Creemers LB, de Weger RA, Dhert WJA, Vonk LA. Direct Cell-Cell Contact with Chondrocytes Is a Key Mechanism in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2536-47. [PMID: 26166387 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has shown to be a viable option for a single-stage cell-based treatment of focal cartilage defects. However, there is still considerable debate whether MSCs differentiate or have a chondroinductive role through trophic factors. In addition, it remains unclear whether direct cell-cell contact is necessary for chondrogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether direct or indirect cell-cell contact between ACs and MSCs is essential for increased cartilage production in different cellular environments and elucidate the mechanisms behind these cellular interactions. Human ACs and MSCs were cultured in a 10:90 ratio in alginate beads, fibrin scaffolds, and pellets. Cells were mixed in direct cocultures, separated by a Transwell filter (indirect cocultures), or cultured with conditioned medium. Short tandem repeat analysis revealed that the percentages of ACs increased during culture, while those of MSCs decreased, with the biggest change in fibrin glue scaffolds. For alginate, where the lack of cell-cell contact could be confirmed by histological analysis, no difference was found in matrix production between direct and indirect cocultures. For fibrin scaffolds and pellet cultures, an increased glycosaminoglycan production and type II collagen deposition were found in direct cocultures compared with indirect cocultures and conditioned medium. Positive connexin 43 staining and transfer of cytosolic calcein indicated communication through gap junctions in direct cocultures. Taken together, these results suggest that MSCs stimulate cartilage formation when placed in close proximity to chondrocytes and that direct cell-cell contact and communication through gap junctions are essential in this chondroinductive interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy S de Windt
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,2 MIRA Institute for Biotechnology and Technical Medicine, University Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke C M Slaper-Cortenbach
- 3 Cell Therapy Facility, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie H P van Rijen
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A de Weger
- 4 Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
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