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Zefi O, Waldman S, Marsh A, Shi MK, Sonbolian Y, Khulan B, Siddiqui T, Desai A, Patel D, Okorozo A, Khader S, Dobkin J, Sadoughi A, Shah C, Spivack S, Peter Y. Distinctive field effects of smoking and lung cancer case-control status on bronchial basal cell growth and signaling. Respir Res 2024; 25:317. [PMID: 39160511 PMCID: PMC11334309 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONAL Basal cells (BCs) are bronchial progenitor/stem cells that can regenerate injured airway that, in smokers, may undergo malignant transformation. As a model for early stages of lung carcinogenesis, we set out to characterize cytologically normal BC outgrowths from never-smokers and ever-smokers without cancers (controls), as well as from the normal epithelial "field" of ever-smokers with anatomically remote cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (cases). METHODS Primary BCs were cultured and expanded from endobronchial brushings taken remote from the site of clinical or visible lesions/tumors. Donor subgroups were tested for growth, morphology, and underlying molecular features by qRT-PCR, RNAseq, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot. RESULTS (a) the BC population includes epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positive and negative cell subsets; (b) smoking reduced overall BC proliferation corresponding with a 2.6-fold reduction in the EpCAMpos/ITGA6 pos/CD24pos stem cell fraction; (c) LUSC donor cells demonstrated up to 2.8-fold increase in dysmorphic BCs; and (d) cells procured from LUAD patients displayed increased proliferation and S-phase cell cycle fractions. These differences corresponded with: (i) disparate NOTCH1/NOTCH2 transcript expression and altered expression of potential downstream (ii) E-cadherin (CDH1), tumor protein-63 (TP63), secretoglobin family 1a member 1 (SCGB1A1), and Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1 (HEY1); and (iii) reduced EPCAM and increased NK2 homeobox-1 (NKX2-1) mRNA expression in LUAD donor BCs. CONCLUSIONS These and other findings demonstrate impacts of donor age, smoking, and lung cancer case-control status on BC phenotypic and molecular traits and may suggest Notch signaling pathway deregulation during early human lung cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olsida Zefi
- Department of Biology, Lander College, Touro University, New York, NY, 11367, USA
- Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 10595, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Waldman
- Department of Biology, Lander College, Touro University, New York, NY, 11367, USA
- Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 10595, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ava Marsh
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Miao Kevin Shi
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yosef Sonbolian
- Department of Biology, Lander College, Touro University, New York, NY, 11367, USA
- Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 10595, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Batbayar Khulan
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Aditi Desai
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Aham Okorozo
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Samer Khader
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jay Dobkin
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ali Sadoughi
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Chirag Shah
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Simon Spivack
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yakov Peter
- Department of Biology, Lander College, Touro University, New York, NY, 11367, USA.
- Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 10595, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Lander College Touro University, 75-31 150th Street, 11367, Kew Garden Hills, NY, USA.
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Suresh R, Diaz RJ. The remodelling of actin composition as a hallmark of cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101051. [PMID: 33761369 PMCID: PMC8008238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a key structural protein that makes up the cytoskeleton of cells, and plays a role in functions such as division, migration, and vesicle trafficking. It comprises six different cell-type specific isoforms: ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, and ACTG2. Abnormal actin isoform expression has been reported in many cancers, which led us to hypothesize that it may serve as an early biomarker of cancer. We show an overview of the different actin isoforms and highlight mechanisms by which they may contribute to tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we suggest how the aberrant expression of actin subunits can confer cells with greater proliferation ability, increased migratory capability, and chemoresistance through incorporation into the normal cellular F-actin network and altered actin binding protein interaction. Studying this fundamental change that takes place within cancer cells can further our understanding of neoplastic transformation in multiple tissue types, which can ultimately aid in the early-detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberto J Diaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Shochet GE, Brook E, Bardenstein-Wald B, Grobe H, Edelstein E, Israeli-Shani L, Shitrit D. Integrin alpha-5 silencing leads to myofibroblastic differentiation in IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320936023. [PMID: 32637060 PMCID: PMC7315658 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320936023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The term ‘fibroblast’ covers a heterogeneous cell population in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The fibroblasts are considered as main effector cells, because they promote disease progression by releasing exaggerated amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and modifying cell microenvironment. As IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts (IPF-HLFs) were shown to express higher levels of integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) than normal derived HLFs (N-HLFs), we explored the importance of ITGA5 to IPF progression. Methods: IPF-HLF and N-HLF primary cultures were established. ITGA5 was silenced by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)s and its effects on cell phenotype (e.g. cell number, size, cell death, migration) and gene expression (e.g. RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR], western blot and immunofluorescence) were tested. Specific integrin expression was evaluated in IPF patient formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: ITGA5-silencing resulted in reduced IPF-HLF proliferation rates and cell migration (p < 0.05), as well as elevated cell death. transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) targets (e.g. Fibronectin (FN1), Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), TGFB1) were surprisingly elevated following ITGA5 silencing (p < 0.05). N-HLFs, however, were only slightly affected. Interestingly, ITGA5-silenced cells differentiated into myofibroblasts (e.g. elevated alpha-smooth muscle actin [αSMA], collagen1a, large cell size). RNA-sequencing revealed that following differentiation on 3D-Matrigel for 24 h, ITGA5 levels are reduced while integrin alpha-8 (ITGA8) are elevated in IPF-HLFs. This was confirmed in IPF patients, in which ITGA5 was mainly found in fibroblastic foci, while ITGA8 was mostly observed in old fibrous tissue in the same patient. Conclusions: ITGA5 expression facilitates a more aggressive proliferative phenotype. Downregulation of this integrin results in myofibroblastic differentiation, which is accompanied by elevated ITGA8. Specific targeting could present a therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Epstein Shochet
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Department, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba 44281, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabetha Brook
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hanna Grobe
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Edelstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Pathology Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Lilach Israeli-Shani
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Transcriptomic changes during TGF-β-mediated differentiation of airway fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20377. [PMID: 31889146 PMCID: PMC6937312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease in children and young adults worldwide. Airway remodelling (including increased fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in airway walls due to chronic inflammation) differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic airways. The increase in airway fibroblasts and myofibroblasts occurs via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) where epithelial cells lose their tight junctions and are transdifferentiated to mesenchymal cells, with further increases in myofibroblasts occurring via fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is the central EMT- and FMT-inducing cytokine. In this study, we have used next generation sequencing to delineate the changes in the transcriptome induced by TGF-β treatment of WI-38 airway fibroblasts in both the short term and after differentiation into myofibroblasts, to gain an understanding of the contribution of TGF-β induced transdifferentiation to the asthmatic phenotype. The data obtained from RNAseq analysis was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and protein expression investigated by western blotting. As expected, we found that genes coding for intermediates in the TGF-β signalling pathways (SMADs) were differentially expressed after TGF-β treatment, SMAD2 being upregulated and SMAD3 being downregulated as expected. Further, genes involved in cytoskeletal pathways (FN1, LAMA, ITGB1) were upregulated in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. Importantly, genes that were previously shown to be changed in asthmatic lungs (ADAMTS1, DSP, TIMPs, MMPs) were similarly differentially expressed in myofibroblasts, strongly suggesting that TGF-β mediated differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts may underlie important changes in the asthmatic airway. We also identified new intermediates of signalling pathways (PKB, PTEN) that are changed in myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts. We have found a significant number of genes that are altered after TGF-β induced transdifferentiation of WI-38 fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, many of which were expected or predicted. We also identified novel genes and pathways that were affected after TGF-β treatment, suggesting additional pathways are activated during the transition between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and may contribute to the asthma phenotype.
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Souma K, Shichino S, Hashimoto S, Ueha S, Tsukui T, Nakajima T, Suzuki HI, Shand FHW, Inagaki Y, Nagase T, Matsushima K. Lung fibroblasts express a miR-19a-19b-20a sub-cluster to suppress TGF-β-associated fibroblast activation in murine pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16642. [PMID: 30413725 PMCID: PMC6226532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play a pivotal role in pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating lung disease, by producing extracellular matrix. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) suppress numerous genes post-transcriptionally; however, the roles of miRNAs in activated fibroblasts in fibrotic lungs remain poorly understood. To elucidate these roles, we performed global miRNA-expression profiling of fibroblasts from bleomycin- and silica-induced fibrotic lungs and investigated the functions of miRNAs in activated lung fibroblasts. Clustering analysis of global miRNA-expression data identified miRNA signatures exhibiting increased expression during fibrosis progression. Among these signatures, we found that a miR-19a-19b-20a sub-cluster suppressed TGF-β-induced activation of fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, to elucidate whether fibroblast-specific intervention against the sub-cluster modulates pathogenic activation of fibroblasts in fibrotic lungs, we intratracheally transferred the sub-cluster-overexpressing fibroblasts into bleomycin-treated lungs. Global transcriptome analysis of the intratracheally transferred fibroblasts revealed that the sub-cluster not only downregulated expression of TGF-β-associated pro-fibrotic genes, including Acta2, Col1a1, Ctgf, and Serpine1, but also upregulated expression of the anti-fibrotic genes Dcn, Igfbp5, and Mmp3 in activated lung fibroblasts. Collectively, these findings indicated that upregulation of the miR-19a-19b-20a sub-cluster expression in lung fibroblasts counteracted TGF-β-associated pathogenic activation of fibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Souma
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of integrative Medicine for Longevity, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tsukui
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis H W Shand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Peter Y, Weingarten M, Akhavan N, Hanau J. A Place to Call Home: Bioengineering Pluripotential Stem Cell Cultures. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2015.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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