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Rock A, Uche A, Yoon J, Agulnik M, Chow W, Millis S. Bioinformatic Analysis of Recurrent Genomic Alterations and Corresponding Pathway Alterations in Ewing Sarcoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1499. [PMID: 37888109 PMCID: PMC10608227 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive, mesenchymal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis in the recurrent or metastatic setting with an estimated overall survival (OS) of <30% at 5 years. ES is characterized by a balanced, reciprocal chromosomal translocation involving the EWSR1 RNA-binding protein and ETS transcription factor gene (EWS-FLI being the most common). Interestingly, murine ES models have failed to produce tumors phenotypically representative of ES. Genomic alterations (GA) in ES are infrequent and may work synergistically with EWS-ETS translocations to promote oncogenesis. Aberrations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR4), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) have been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from knock-in strain of homologous Fgfr4G385R mice display a transformed phenotype with enhanced TGF-induced mammary carcinogenesis. The association between the FGFRG388R SNV in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas has previously been demonstrated conferring a statistically significant association with poorer OS. How the FGFR4G388R SNV specifically relates to ES has not previously been delineated. To further define the genomic landscape and corresponding pathway alterations in ES, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on the tumors of 189 ES patients. The FGFR4G388R SNV was identified in a significant proportion of the evaluable cases (n = 97, 51%). In line with previous analyses, TP53 (n = 36, 19%), CDK2NA/B (n = 33, 17%), and STAG2 (n = 22, 11.6%) represented the most frequent alterations in our cohort. Co-occurrence of CDK2NA and STAG2 alterations was observed (n = 5, 3%). Notably, we identified a higher proportion of TP53 mutations than previously observed. The most frequent pathway alterations affected MAPK (n = 89, 24% of pathological samples), HRR (n = 75, 25%), Notch1 (n = 69, 23%), Histone/Chromatin remodeling (n = 57, 24%), and PI3K (n = 64, 20%). These findings help to further elucidate the genomic landscape of ES with a novel investigation of the FGFR4G388R SNV revealing frequent aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rock
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - An Uche
- Alameda Health System, 1411 E. 31st St., Oakland, CA 94602, USA;
| | - Janet Yoon
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Mark Agulnik
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Warren Chow
- UCI Health, 101 The City Drive, South Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Sherri Millis
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second St., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
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2
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Deng K, Liu Z, Su Y, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. RUNX1T1 modulates myogenic differentiation by regulating the calcium signaling pathway and the alternative splicing of ROCK2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23044. [PMID: 37342905 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1) plays a wide-ranging and diverse role in cellular development, including hematopoiesis and adipogenesis. However, little is known about the function of RUNX1T1 in the skeletal muscle development. Here, we assessed the impact of RUNX1T1 on the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of goat primary myoblasts (GPMs). It was observed that RUNX1T1 is highly expressed during the early stages of myogenic differentiation and the fetal stage. Moreover, the knockdown of RUNX1T1 promotes the proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of GPMs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that significantly differentially expressed genes in RUNX1T1 knockdown cells were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. Additionally, we discovered that RUNX1T1 regulates alternative splicing (AS) events involved in myogenesis. We also show that silencing RUNX1T1 blocked the Ca2+ -CAMK signaling pathway and reduced the expression levels of muscle-specific isoforms of recombinant rho associated coiled coil containing crotein kinase 2 (ROCK2) during myogenic differentiation, partially explaining why RUNX1T1 deficiency leads to the impairment of myotube formation. These findings suggest that RUNX1T1 is a novel regulator of myogenic differentiation that regulates the calcium signaling pathway and AS of ROCK2. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of RUNX1T1 in myogenesis and broaden our understanding of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yalong Su
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Haimen Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Xu Y, Kusuyama J, Osana S, Matsuhashi S, Li L, Takada H, Inada H, Nagatomi R. Lactate promotes neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by lactate-responsive gene sets through NDRG3-dependent and -independent manners. J Biol Chem 2023:104802. [PMID: 37172727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as the major glucose alternative to an energy substrate in the brain. Lactate level is increased in the fetal brain from the middle stage of gestation, indicating the involvement of lactate in brain development and neuronal differentiation. Recent reports show that lactate functions as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression and protein stability. However, the roles of lactate signaling in neuronal cells remain unknown. Here, we showed that lactate promotes the all stages of neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A, human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines, characterized by increased neuronal marker expression and the rates of neurites extension. Transcriptomics revealed many lactate-responsive genes sets such as SPARCL1 in SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, and primary embryonic mouse neuronal cells. The effects of lactate on neuronal function were mainly mediated through monocarboxylate transporters 1 (MCT1). We found that NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3), a lactate-binding protein, was highly expressed and stabilized by lactate treatment during neuronal differentiation. Combinative RNA-seq of SH-SY5Y with lactate treatment and NDRG3 knockdown shows that the promotive effects of lactate on neural differentiation are regulated through NDRG3-dependent and independent manners. Moreover, we identified TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) and ETS-related transcription factor 4 (ELF4) are the specific transcription factors that are regulated by both lactate and NDRG3 in neuronal differentiation. TEAD1 and ELF4 differently affect the expression of neuronal marker genes in SH-SY5Y cells. These results highlight the biological roles of extracellular and intracellular lactate as a critical signaling molecule that modifies neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Biosignals and Inheritance, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shion Osana
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications
| | - Satayuki Matsuhashi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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4
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Bergmann T, Liu Y, Skov J, Mogus L, Lee J, Pfisterer U, Handfield LF, Asenjo-Martinez A, Lisa-Vargas I, Seemann SE, Lee JTH, Patikas N, Kornum BR, Denham M, Hyttel P, Witter MP, Gorodkin J, Pers TH, Hemberg M, Khodosevich K, Hall VJ. Production of human entorhinal stellate cell-like cells by forward programming shows an important role of Foxp1 in reprogramming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:976549. [PMID: 36046338 PMCID: PMC9420913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.976549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellate cells are principal neurons in the entorhinal cortex that contribute to spatial processing. They also play a role in the context of Alzheimer's disease as they accumulate Amyloid beta early in the disease. Producing human stellate cells from pluripotent stem cells would allow researchers to study early mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, however, no protocols currently exist for producing such cells. In order to develop novel stem cell protocols, we characterize at high resolution the development of the porcine medial entorhinal cortex by tracing neuronal and glial subtypes from mid-gestation to the adult brain to identify the transcriptomic profile of progenitor and adult stellate cells. Importantly, we could confirm the robustness of our data by extracting developmental factors from the identified intermediate stellate cell cluster and implemented these factors to generate putative intermediate stellate cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Six transcription factors identified from the stellate cell cluster including RUNX1T1, SOX5, FOXP1, MEF2C, TCF4, EYA2 were overexpressed using a forward programming approach to produce neurons expressing a unique combination of RELN, SATB2, LEF1 and BCL11B observed in stellate cells. Further analyses of the individual transcription factors led to the discovery that FOXP1 is critical in the reprogramming process and omission of RUNX1T1 and EYA2 enhances neuron conversion. Our findings contribute not only to the profiling of cell types within the developing and adult brain's medial entorhinal cortex but also provides proof-of-concept for using scRNAseq data to produce entorhinal intermediate stellate cells from human pluripotent stem cells in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bergmann
- Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yong Liu
- Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Skov
- Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Leo Mogus
- Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Julie Lee
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, DanStem University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Pfisterer
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Asenjo-Martinez
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Lisa-Vargas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan E. Seemann
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jimmy Tsz Hang Lee
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Denham
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Disease, Stem Cells and Embryology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Jane Hall
- Group of Brain Development and Disease, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Hu N, Zou L, Wang C, Song G. RUNX1T1 function in cell fate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:369. [PMID: 35902872 PMCID: PMC9330642 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1), a myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family member, is usually investigated as part of the fusion protein RUNX1-RUNX1T1 for its role in acute myeloid leukemia. In the main, by recruiting histone deacetylases, RUNX1T1 negatively influences transcription, enabling it to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the formation of blood vessels, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation following injury, and intestinal development all relate closely to the expression of RUNX1T1. Furthermore, through alternative splicing of RUNX1T1, short and long isoforms have been noted to mediate adipogenesis by balancing the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes. In addition, RUNX1T1 plays wide-ranging and diverse roles in carcinoma as a biomarker, suppressor, or positive regulator of carcinogenesis, closely correlated to specific organs and dominant signaling pathways. The aim of this work was to investigate the structure of RUNX1T1, which contains four conserved nervy homolog domains, and to demonstrate crosstalk with the Notch signaling pathway. Moreover, we endeavored to illustrate the effects of RUNX1T1 on cell fate from multiple aspects, including its influence on hematopoiesis, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation, intestinal development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Li W, Shan B, Cheng X, He H, Qin J, Zhao H, Tian M, Zhang X, Jin G. circRNA Acbd6 promotes neural stem cell differentiation into cholinergic neurons via the miR-320-5p-Osbpl2 axis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101828. [PMID: 35305988 PMCID: PMC9018392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus into adulthood and are essential for both neurogenesis and neural circuit integration. Exosomes have also been shown to play vital roles in regulating biological processes of receptor cells as a medium for cell-to-cell communication signaling molecules. The precise molecular mechanisms of exosome-mediated signaling, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we found that exosomes produced by denervated hippocampi following fimbria–fornix transection could promote the differentiation of hippocampal neural precursor cells into cholinergic neurons in coculture with NSCs. Furthermore, we found that 14 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were upregulated in hippocampal exosomes after fimbria–fornix transection using high-throughput RNA-Seq technology. We further characterized the function and mechanism by which the upregulated circRNA Acbd6 (acyl-CoA-binding domain–containing 6) promoted the differentiation of NSCs into cholinergic neurons using RT–quantitative PCR, Western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay. By luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that circAcbd6 functioned as an endogenous miR-320-5p sponge to inhibit miR-320-5p activity, resulting in increased oxysterol-binding protein–related protein 2 expression with subsequent facilitation of NSC differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that circAcbd6 promotes differentiation of NSCs into cholinergic neurons via miR-320-5p/oxysterol-binding protein–related protein 2 axis, which contribute important insights to our understanding of how circRNAs regulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boquan Shan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heyan Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Bartlett TE, Kosmidis I, Silva R. Two-way sparsity for time-varying networks with applications in genomics. Ann Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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He T, Wildey G, McColl K, Savadelis A, Spainhower K, McColl C, Kresak A, Tan AC, Yang M, Abbas A, Dowlati A. Identification of RUNX1T1 as a potential epigenetic modifier in small-cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:195-209. [PMID: 33084222 PMCID: PMC7782087 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) can be subgrouped into common 'pure' and rare 'combined' SCLC (c-SCLC). c-SCLC features a mixed tumor histology of both SCLC and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed targeted exome sequencing on 90 patients with SCLC, including two with c-SCLC, and discovered RUNX1T1 amplification specific to small cell tumors of both patients with c-SCLC, but in only 2 of 88 'pure' SCLC patients. RUNX1T1 was first identified in the fusion transcript AML1/ETO, which occurs in 12%-15% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We further show higher expression of RUNX1T1 in the SCLC component of another c-SCLC tumor by in situ hybridization. RUNX1T1 expression was enriched in SCLC compared with all other cancers, including NSCLC, in both cell lines and tumor specimens, as shown by mRNA level and western blotting. Transcriptomic analysis of hallmark genes decreased by stable RUNX1T1 overexpression revealed a significant change in E2F targets. Validation experiments in multiple lung cancer cell lines showed that RUNX1T1 overexpression consistently decreased CDKN1A (p21) expression and increased E2F transcriptional activity, which is commonly altered in SCLC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in these overexpressing cells demonstrated that RUNX1T1 interacts with the CDKN1A (p21) promoter region, which displayed parallel reductions in histone 3 acetylation. Furthermore, reduced p21 expression could be dramatically restored by HDAC inhibition using Trichostatin A. Reanalysis of ChIP-seq data in Kasumi-1 AML cells showed that knockdown of the RUNX1T1 fusion protein was associated with increased global acetylation, including the CDKN1A (p21) promoter. Thus, our study identifies RUNX1T1 as a biomarker and potential epigenetic regulator of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary Wildey
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen McColl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa Savadelis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle Spainhower
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cassidy McColl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam Kresak
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Yang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Fukunaga J, Nomura Y, Tanaka Y, Torigoe H, Nakamura Y, Sakamoto T, Kozu T. A G-quadruplex-forming RNA aptamer binds to the MTG8 TAFH domain and dissociates the leukemic AML1-MTG8 fusion protein from DNA. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3477-3489. [PMID: 32870501 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MTG8 (RUNX1T1) is a fusion partner of AML1 (RUNX1) in the leukemic chromosome translocation t(8;21). The AML1-MTG8 fusion gene encodes a chimeric transcription factor. One of the highly conserved domains of MTG8 is TAFH which possesses homology with human TAF4 [TATA-box binding protein-associated factor]. To obtain specific inhibitors of the AML1-MTG8 fusion protein, we isolated RNA aptamers against the MTG8 TAFH domain using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. All TAF aptamers contained guanine-rich sequences. Analyses of a TAF aptamer by NMR, CD, and mutagenesis revealed that it forms a parallel G-quadruplex structure in the presence of K+ . Furthermore, the aptamer could bind to the AML1-MTG8 fusion protein and dissociate the AML1-MTG8/DNA complex, suggesting that it can inhibit the dominant negative effects of AML1-MTG8 against normal AML1 function and serve as a potential therapeutic agent for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fukunaga
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Japan.,Facility for RI Research and Education, Instrumental Analysis Center, Research Initiatives and Promotion Organization, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Torigoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Ribomic Inc., Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Taiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kozu
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Japan
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10
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Zou L, Li H, Han X, Qin J, Song G. Runx1t1 promotes the neuronal differentiation in rat hippocampus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:160. [PMID: 32321587 PMCID: PMC7178948 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 translocated to 1 (Runx1t1) is one of the members of the myeloid translocation gene family. Our previous work showed that Runx1t1 induced the neuronal differentiation of radial glia cells in vitro. Methods To better uncover the role of Runx1t1 in hippocampal neurogenesis, in this study, we further explore its localization and function during the hippocampal neurogenesis. Results Our results showed that insufficient expression of Runx1t1 reduced the neuronal differentiation, and overexpression of Runx1t1 promoted the neuronal differentiation in vitro. We also found that Runx1t1 localized in neurons but not astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Runx1t1 overexpression elevated the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Conclusions Taken together, our results further proved that Runx1t1 could be worked as a regulator in the process of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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11
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Deng K, Ren C, Liu Z, Gao X, Fan Y, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Ma ES, Wang F, You P. Characterization of RUNX1T1, an Adipogenesis Regulator in Ovine Preadipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051300. [PMID: 29701705 PMCID: PMC5983735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 translocation partner 1 (RUNX1T1), a potential novel regulator of adipogenesis, exists in two splice variants: a long (RUNX1T1-L) and a short (RUNX1T1-S) isoform. However, there is no data showing the existence of RUNX1T1 in ovine subcutaneous fat at different stages of developmental and its role on ovine adipogenesis. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of RUNX1T1 in subcutaneous fat of five-day-old to 24-month-old sheep and to investigate the role of RUNX1T1 in ovine adipogenesis. In this study, we detected a 1829 bp cDNA fragment of RUNX1T1 which contains a 1815 bp coding sequence that encodes 602-amino acid and 14 bp of 5′ untranslated region, respectively. The amino acid sequence of RUNX1T1 has 31.18–94.21% homology with other species’ protein sequences. During fat development, the RUNX1T1 protein expression was higher in subcutaneous fat of 24-month-old Hu sheep. In addition, the expression of RUNX1T1-L mRNA decreased first, then subsequently increased during ovine preadipocyte differentiation. Knockdown of RUNX1T1-L in ovine preadipocytes promoted preadipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Taken together, our data suggests that RUNX1T1 is an important functional molecule in adipogenesis. Moreover, it showed for the first time that RUNX1T1-L was negatively correlated with the ovine preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Caifang Ren
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zifei Liu
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ei-Samahy Ma
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Peihua You
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Xingdian Street, Pikou District, Nanjing 210095, China.
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12
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He H, Li W, Peng M, Qin J, Shi J, Li H, Tian M, Zhang X, Lv G, Jin G. MicroRNA expression profiles of neural stem cells following valproate inducement. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6204-6215. [PMID: 29575035 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation ability, thus are considered to be a potential source for cell replacement therapy of many nervous system diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Valproate (VPA), a member of histone deacetylase inhibitor family, is an epigenetic regulator and can promote NSCs to differentiate into neurons, nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of the process remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a crucial part in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms involve in the regulation of miRNAs expression. Therefore we speculated that miRNAs may be important factors during the promotion of neuronal differentiation by VPA. Here, after selecting appropriate concentration and treatment time of VPA, we conducted microRNA arrays at 24 h on the treatment of 1 mM VPA or vehicle. After validation, we obtained 5 significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR-29a-5p, miR-674-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-652-3p, and miR-210-3p) in VPA group compared with control. We predicted the target genes of these miRNAs on the website. Through gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses, we obtained preliminary comprehension of the function of these genes. The bioinformatics analyses indicated the involvement of them during neurogenesis. In addition, we observed high expression of miR-210-3p, miR-29a-5p, and miR-674-5p in central nervous system, which suggested that they were likely to play crucial roles in neuronal differentiation. We then defined the upregulation of Map2 by transfecting mimic of miR-674-5p, which indicated the promotion of miR-674-5p on NSCs differentiation. The present study explored the miRNAs potentially mediated the function of VPA on promoting NSCs to differentiate into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinhong Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guangming Lv
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
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13
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Brain lipid binding protein mediates the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by regulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:156-162. [PMID: 29288341 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain lipid binding protein (BLBP) is highly expressed in the radial glial cells (RGCs) of the central nervous system (CNS), in glioblastomas, and, in vitro, in U251 cells. In this report, we have demonstrated that increased BLBP expression in glioblastoma is associated with poor survival and used a double-vector CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral system to deplete endogenous BLBP from U251 cells, we found that loss of BLBP induced cell growth inhibition and S-phase arrest. Moreover, an increase in P53 and a decrease in p-ERK1/2 were observed after BLBP depletion, suggesting a potential mechanism by which loss of BLBP results in growth inhibition.
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