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Le JRM, Wu JH, Jaw FS, Su CT. The effect of bone remodeling with photobiomodulation in dentistry: a review study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:265. [PMID: 37973668 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been emerging as a promising alternative therapy in dentistry. However, various parameters of PBM are used in different studies, and there is limited cumulative data on PBM for improving bone formation in clinical trials. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM in the process of bone remodeling in dentistry using randomized controlled trials. Initially, a total of 1,011 articles published from January 2008 to December 2021 were retrieved from five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL). After a two-step review, nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The parameter of PBM, group, treatment sessions, assessment times and outcomes of the included studies were reviewed. Eighty-nine percent of the studies revealed positive effects on bone formation between the laser group and the control group. Only one article reported that light-emitting diode did not significantly enhance osteogenesis. Additionally, the present study shows that Gallium aluminum arsenide of near infrared (NIR) laser with continuous mode is the most commonly used form of PBM. The biostimulatory effects are dependent on several parameters, with wavelength and dose being more important than others. Based on this review, it is suggested that the NIR range and an appropriate dose of PBM could be used to increase the efficiency of stimulating bone healing and remodeling. However, standardization of treatment protocols is needed to clarify therapeutic strategies in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Mi Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Huah Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, 33348, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shan Jaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Tsung Su
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, 33348, Taiwan.
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Dourado DM, Matias R, da Silva BAK, Milanesi FF, Martello MD, Dos Santos CHM, Cardoso CAL, Vieira WF, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Benefits of Sebastiania hispida (Euphorbiaceae) extract and photobiomodulation therapy as potentially adjunctive strategies to be explored against snake envenoming. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1069-1085. [PMID: 34341968 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the topic use of Sebastiania hispida extract and low-level gallium-arsenide laser irradiation (GaAs, 904 nm) to reduce the local myonecrosis and edema of Bothrops moojeni snake venom-injected gastrocnemius. Wistar rats receiving intramuscular venom injection (VBm) were compared with saline control (S) and envenomed rats receiving local exposure to plant extract (VExt) or laser irradiation (VL). The phytochemistry and thin-layer chromatography of S. hispida extract indicated the presence of phenolic compounds like gallic acid and flavonoids including quercetin. Gastrocnemius of VExt and VL groups had a significant reduction of edema and creatine kinase (CK) activities and a greater Myogenin (MyoG) expression compared to VBm group, with the plant extract efficacy better than laser exposure. Reduction of edema and serum CK activities reflects a lessening of muscle damage, whereas the increase of MyoG indicates myoblast differentiation and acceleration of muscle repair. The S. hispida richness in phenolic compounds and flavonoids, such as the light modulatory ability to triggering a multitude of cell signalings likely underlie the positive outcomes. Our findings suggest both treatments as potential auxiliary tools to be explored in clinical trials in combination with anti-venom therapy after Bothropic snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doroty Mesquita Dourado
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Medicinal Plants, Anhanguera-Uniderp University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, Anhanguera-Uniderp University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Baldomero Antonio Kato da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião 2819, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Fiorela Faria Milanesi
- Health and Environment: Biodiversity Program at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation MS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mayra Duarte Martello
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Plavskii V, Mikulich A, Barulin N, Ananich T, Plavskaya L, Tretyakova A, Leusenka I. Comparative Effect of Low‐intensity Laser Radiation in Green and Red Spectral Regions on Functional Characteristics of Sturgeon Sperm. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1294-1313. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Plavskii
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
| | - Aliaksandr Mikulich
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
| | | | - Tatsiana Ananich
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
| | - Ludmila Plavskaya
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
| | - Antonina Tretyakova
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
| | - Ihar Leusenka
- The State Scientific Institution «B.I.Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus» Minsk Belarus
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Zlatkovic-Svenda MI, Leitner C, Lazovic B, Petrovic DM. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Sudeck Atrophy) Prevention Possibility and Accelerated Recovery in Patients with Distal Radius at the Typical Site Fracture Using Polarized, Polychromatic Light Therapy. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:233-239. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana I. Zlatkovic-Svenda
- Internal Medicine Specialist-Rheumatologist, Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of East Sarajevo Medical Faculty, Republika Srpska, Lukavica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Biljana Lazovic
- Internal Medicine Specialist, University Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana M. Petrovic
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specialist, The Belgrade City Institute of Gerontology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vladimirovich Moskvin S, Ivanovich Apolikhin O. Effectiveness of low level laser therapy for treating male infertility. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2018; 8:7. [PMID: 29806585 PMCID: PMC5992952 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2018080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In half of the cases, the infertility of the couple is due to the disorder of the male fertility. The leading factors that cause male infertility are urogenital infections, disorders of the immune system, testicular and prostate pathology, as well as endocrine disorders. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a very effective physical therapy method, used in many areas of medicine, including obstetrics and gynaecology, andrology and urology; and it is recommended as an integral part of the complex treatment of infertility. The literature review showed that LLLT is beneficial in treating male infertility. Laser can significantly improve the survival, motility and speed of movement of spermatozoa. Laser therapy of patients with prostatitis and vesiculitis can eliminate infiltrative-exudative changes, improve reproductive and copulatory functions. Local illumination of red (635 nm) and infrared (904 nm) spectra should be combined with intravenous laser blood illumination (ILBI) of red (635 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vladimirovich Moskvin
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O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine under the Federal Medical Biological Agency Moscow 121165 Russia
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Poon TH, Carus C. The effectiveness of laser therapy on the management of chronic low back pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.9.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Hin Poon
- Physiotherapist, Graduate of the University of Bradford, UK
| | - Catherine Carus
- Physiotherapy lecturer, School of Allied Health Professions and Sport, University of Bradford, UK
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Effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on bovine sperm function. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1245-50. [PMID: 27272676 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization rates and subsequent embryo development rely on sperm factors related to semen quality and viability. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is based on emission of electromagnetic waves of a laser optical system that interact with cells and tissues resulting in biological effects. This interaction is mediated by photoacceptors that absorb the electromagnetic energy. Effects are dependent of irradiation parameters, target cell type, and species. In sperm, PBMT improves several features like motility and viability, affecting sperm aerobic metabolism and energy production. The aim of this study was to investigate, under same conditions, how different output powers (5, 7.5, and 10 mW) and time of irradiation (5 and 10 min) of laser (He-Ne laser, 633 nm) may affect frozen/thawed bovine sperm functions. Results showed significant effects depending on power while using 10 min of irradiation on motility parameters and mitochondrial potential. However, no effect was observed using 5 min of irradiation, regardless of power applied. In conclusion, PBMT is effective to modulate bovine sperm function. The effectiveness is dependent on the interaction between power applied and duration of irradiation, showing that these two parameters simultaneously influence sperm function. In this context, when using the same fluency and energy with different combinations of power and time of exposure, we observed distinct effects, revealing that biological effects should be also based on simple parameters rather than only composite parameters such as fluency, irradiance and energy. Laser irradiation of frozen/thawed bovine semen led to an increase on mitochondrial function and motility parameters that could potentially improve fertility rates.
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Low-level visible light (LLVL) irradiation promotes proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:1113-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McDonald A, Harris J, MacMillan D, Dempster J, McConnell G. Light-induced Ca(2+) transients observed in widefield epi-fluorescence microscopy of excitable cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1266-1273. [PMID: 22741073 PMCID: PMC3370967 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the possibility that variations in the level of intracellular Ca(2+) in excitable cells might be induced as an artifact of the incoherent illumination that is being used to monitor transient responses. In order to avoid the fluctuations in power of an arc lamp source, a microscope using a light emitting diode that was calibrated accurately at low power levels, was constructed to provide good control over the dose of light applied to the biological specimen. We report here that higher powers of illumination increased the probability of occurrence of Ca(2+) transients even in the sub-mW range normally used to measure such transients in epi-fluorescence work, suggesting that caution should be exercised when designing experiments and interpreting data.
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Peplow PV, Chung TY, Baxter GD. Photodynamic Modulation of Wound Healing: A Review of Human and Animal Studies. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:118-48. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip V. Peplow
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Tzu-Yun Chung
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - G. David Baxter
- Centre for Physiotherapy Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Landau Z, Migdal M, Lipovsky A, Lubart R. Visible Light-Induced Healing of Diabetic or Venous Foot Ulcers: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:399-404. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Landau
- Department of Internal Medicine D, and the Diabetic Foot and Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Anat Lipovsky
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Lubart
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Lipovsky A, Nitzan Y, Friedmann H, Lubart R. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains to broadband visible light. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 85:255-60. [PMID: 18764895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The phototoxic effect of illumination with broadband visible light on the viability of two Staphylococcus aureus strains was examined in the present study. A difference in the light sensitivity of the two strains was found. Illumination of the tested strains with a fluence rate of 180 J cm(-2) caused a reduction of up to 99.8% in the colony count of one of the strains (the "sensitive" strain). Illumination of the other strain (the "resistant" strain) resulted in a 55.5% reduction in viability. Proliferation of both strains was observed at low fluence rates of light. The phototoxic effect was found to be dependent on oxy radical production. The light-sensitive strain produced higher amounts of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than the "resistant" strain. Adaptation to oxidative stress was exhibited only by the "resistant" strain. The "sensitive" strain produced ten times more endogenous porphyrins and secreted almost nine times more porphyrins than the resistant strain. Furthermore, the "resistant" strain produced twice as many carotenoids that protect the strain from illumination than the "sensitive" strain. These results indicate that high intensities of visible light cause bacterial photoeradication, a reaction which may assist wound healing by killing the infecting bacteria. On the other hand, low intensities of white light were found to enhance bacterial proliferation and thus prolong wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Lipovsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Chow RT, David MA, Armati PJ. 830 nm laser irradiation induces varicosity formation, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and blocks fast axonal flow in small and medium diameter rat dorsal root ganglion neurons: implications for the analgesic effects of 830 nm laser. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2007; 12:28-39. [PMID: 17374099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2007.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation of 830 nm (cw) laser-induced, reversible axonal varicosities, using immunostaining with beta-tubulin, in small and medium diameter, TRPV-1 positive, cultured rat DRG neurons. Laser also induced a progressive and statistically significant decrease (p<0.005) in MMP in mitochondria in and between static axonal varicosities. In cell bodies of the neuron, the decrease in MMP was also statistically significant (p<0.05), but the decrease occurred more slowly. Importantly we also report for the first time that 830 nm (cw) laser blocked fast axonal flow, imaged in real time using confocal laser microscopy and JC-1 as mitotracker. Control neurons in parallel cultures remained unaffected with no varicosity formation and no change in MMP. Mitochondrial movement was continuous and measured along the axons at a rate of 0.8 microm/s (range 0.5-2 microm/s), consistent with fast axonal flow. Photoacceptors in the mitochondrial membrane absorb laser and mediate the transduction of laser energy into electrochemical changes, initiating a secondary cascade of intracellular events. In neurons, this results in a decrease in MMP with a concurrent decrease in available ATP required for nerve function, including maintenance of microtubules and molecular motors, dyneins and kinesins, responsible for fast axonal flow. Laser-induced neural blockade is a consequence of such changes and provide a mechanism for a neural basis of laser-induced pain relief. The repeated application of laser in a clinical setting modulates nociception and reduces pain. The application of laser therapy for chronic pain may provide a non-drug alternative for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T Chow
- Castle Hill Medical Centre, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Lubart R, Landau Z, Jacobi J, Friedmann H. A NEW APPROACH TO ULCER TREATMENT USING BROADBAND VISIBLE LIGHT. Laser Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zan-Bar T, Bartoov B, Segal R, Yehuda R, Lavi R, Lubart R, Avtalion RR. Influence of Visible Light and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Motility and Fertility of Mammalian and Fish Sperm. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:549-55. [PMID: 16356145 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of visible light irradiation on sperm motility, fertility, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were investigated and compared in ram and fish (tilapia). BACKGROUND DATA Low-energy visible light has previously been found to modulate various processes in different biological systems. In the literature, it is accepted that the first step following visible light irradiation is the formation of ROS by endogenous cellular photosensitizers. METHODS Sperm of ram and tilapia were irradiated with various light sources (400-800 nm white light, 660 nm red light, 360 nm blue light, 294 nm UV), and their motility and fertility rates were measured. The amount of ROS generated by irradiation was estimated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. RESULTS Sperm taken from tilapia showed higher motility and fertility following red and white light irradiation. In contrast, the motility and fertility of ram sperm were slightly increased only by red light. A negative effect on motility and fertility of sperm of both species was obtained following irradiation with UV and blue light. The amount of ROS produced in irradiated tilapia sperm was much higher than that of ram sperm. CONCLUSIONS The results show that different wavelengths differentially affect tilapia and ram sperm motility and fertilization. The difference in response to the various light sources might be explained by the different amounts of ROS formation by ram and tilapia, which are in agreement with the physiology of fertilization appropriate to each of these species. Based on these results, it is suggested that in vitro fertilization in mammals should be performed in darkness or at least under red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zan-Bar
- Life Sciences Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Lubart R, Eichler M, Lavi R, Friedman H, Shainberg A. Low-energy laser irradiation promotes cellular redox activity. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:3-9. [PMID: 15782024 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-energy visible light (LEVL) has been shown to stimulate cell functions. This is called "photobiostimulation" and has been used successfully over the last three decades for treating a range of conditions, including soft tissue injuries, severe wounds, chronic pain, and more. Nevertheless, the mechanism of photobiostimulative processes is still being debated. It is obvious that, in order to interact with the living cell, light has to be absorbed by intracellular chromophores. In a search for chromophores responsible for photobiostimulation, endogenous porphyrins, mitochondrial and membranal cytochromes, and flavoproteins were found to be suitable candidates. The above-mentioned chromophores are photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) following irradiation. As the cellular redox state has a key role in maintaining the viability of the cell, changes in ROS may play a significant role in cell activation. In the present review, we summarize evidence demonstrating that various ROS and antioxidants are produced following LEVL illumination. We found that very little evidence for NO formation in illuminated non-vascular smooth muscle cells exists in the literature. We suggest that the change in the cellular redox state which plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular activities leads to photobiostimulative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lubart
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
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Silva JCE, Lacava ZGM, Kuckelhaus S, Silva LP, Neto LFM, Sauro EE, Tedesco AC. Evaluation of the use of low level laser and photosensitizer drugs in healing. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34:451-7. [PMID: 15216540 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the last decade, many different kinds of therapies have emerged as a consequence of advances in the field of applied technology. It is known that low level laser therapy contributes to tissue healing; however, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in healing and the scar formation processes has not been fully explored. The present study analyses the effect of low level laser InGaAIP (685 nm), radiation, either alone or combined with a phthalocyanine-derived photosensitizer (PS) in a gel base delivery (GB) system, on the healing process of cutaneous wounds in rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into six groups: control (untreated) (CG), gel base (GB), photosensitizer (PS), laser (LG), laser+photosensitizer (LPS), and laser+photosensitizer in a GB (LPSG). Standardized circular wounds were made on the dorsum of each rat with a skin punch biopsy instrument. After wounding, treatment was performed once daily and the animals were killed at day 8. Tissue specimens containing the whole wound area were removed and processed for histological analysis using conventional techniques. Serial cross-sections were analyzed to evaluate the organization of the dermis and epidermis as well as collagen deposition. RESULTS The animals of groups LG, PS, LPS, and LPSG presented higher collagen content and enhanced re-epithelialization as compared to CG (control) and GB rats. Connective tissue remodeling was more evident in groups LPS and LPSG. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicated a synergetic effect of light+photosensitizer+delivery drug on tissue healing. PDT did not cause any healing inhibition or tissue damage during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cuzzolin E Silva
- IP&D, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000, São Josédos Campos, SP, Brasil
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