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Jing R, Zhang L, Li R, Yang Z, Song J, Wang Q, Cao N, Han G, Yin H. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12462. [PMID: 38840457 PMCID: PMC11154809 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) manifests clinically with chronic intestinal inflammation and microflora dysbiosis. Although biologics can effectively control inflammation, efficient delivery to the colon and colon epithelial cells remains challenging. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) show promise as an oral delivery tool, however, the ability to load biologics into EV presents challenges to therapeutic applications. Here, we demonstrate that fusing cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) to green fluorescent protein (GFP) enabled biologics loading into EV and protected against degradation in the gastrointestinal environment in vitro and in vivo after oral delivery. Oral administration of EV loaded with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) nanobody (VHHm3F) (EVVHH) via TAT significantly reduced tissue TNF-α levels and alleviated pathologies in mice with acute UC, compared to VHH alone. In mice with chronic UC, simultaneously introducing VHH and an antimicrobial peptide LL37 into EV (EVLV), then administering orally improved intestinal barrier, inflammation and microbiota balance, resulted in relief of UC-induced depression and anxiety. Collectively, we demonstrated that oral delivery of EVLV effectively alleviated UC in mice and TAT efficiently loaded biologics into EV to confer protection from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. This therapeutic strategy is promising for UC and is a simple and generalizable approach towards drug-loaded orally-administrable EV treatment for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Leijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhongqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Nan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Gang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - HaiFang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Orr MR. The biodiversity dose-response curve translates theory and practice from ecological restoration into research and clinical priorities for fecal microbiota transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1059148. [PMID: 36438048 PMCID: PMC9691884 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1059148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoveries of the beneficial effects of gut microbiota have led to efforts to cultivate healthy gut flora to treat disease. The field of ecological restoration specializes on reestablishment of desired species in disturbed ecosystems, which suggests that it may be applicable to microbe restoration in the gut. Common language can lower barriers to interdisciplinary insights. Here I introduce the concept of a "biodiversity dose-response curve" to translate ideas from ecological restoration into research and clinical priorities for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The curve is based on a relationship between ecosystem structure, measured as species diversity found in both nature and gut ecosystems, and ecosystem function, which are the measurable parameters that contribute to ecosystem and human health. I explain why the biodiversity dose-response curve may follow the ecological model of a "rivet-redundancy" relationship, in which the overlap of multiple organisms' functional contributions to a system mask the impact of initial losses of diversity, but, at a certain level of loss, function declines sharply. (Imagine an airplane that flies with a few rivets missing, until it loses enough to fail.) The biodiversity dose-response curve indicates that seemingly healthy individuals may be suboptimal donors; it highlights the importance of recipient diet in FMT success; and it introduces the concept of "passive restoration" into the field of gut medicine. These insights, which may help to explain low success rates of FMT in the treatment of non-Clostridium dificile conditions, are less apparent in the absence of interdisciplinary integration.
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Rossi CM, Lenti MV, Merli S, Santacroce G, Di Sabatino A. Allergic manifestations in autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:102958. [PMID: 34560305 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disorders target a young population, are increasing in both incidence and prevalence and are associated with significant disease burden. They result from the complex interplay between (epi)genetic and environmental factors, resulting in a Th2 inflammatory process targeting the epithelium of the respiratory tract (allergic rhinitis and asthma), skin (atopic dermatitis), and gastrointestinal tract (food allergy). Although the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive, an altered immune system response in the gut is increasingly recognized as a relevant step. Allergic and gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders share several epidemiological, pathogenic and risk factors and several treatment modalities. Here we revise the current literature and show that allergic disorders are highly prevalent in gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune pancreatitis, and autoimmune cholangiopathies. No data are available for some autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune gastritis and autoimmune enteropathy. To ensure the comprehensive care of patients with autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders, along with disease-specific factors, the presence of allergic disorders should be evaluated and treated when present, possibly targeting shared molecular pathways. Future studies are needed to define the exact pathogenic mechanisms underpinning the association between allergic and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Merli
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Tim-4 expressing monocytes as a novel indicator to assess disease activity and severity of ulcerative colitis. Life Sci 2021; 269:119077. [PMID: 33465392 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of the immune response has been shown to be involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. Tim-4 is a potential regulator of the immune system which plays key roles in multiple autoimmune diseases. However, whether it is involved in UC remains unclear. The aim of this research was to determine the expression of Tim-4 on circulating monocytes and its clinical significance in UC patients. MAIN METHODS In total, 36 UC patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of CD14+Tim-4+ cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD14+HLA-DR-/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. KEY FINDINGS The percentage of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was higher in UC patients than in HCs. The frequency of Treg cells was significantly decreased, while that of MDSCs was significantly increased in UC patients. The frequency of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was significantly elevated in subjects with high severity, high number of defecations per day, high UC disease activity index Mayo score, high IgG, and high levels of inflammatory markers. And the percentages of Tim-4-expressing monocytes were significantly decreased in UC patients that received a 3-week treatment with mesalazine. Furthermore, the frequency of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was also positively correlated with MDSCs and negatively correlated with Treg cells. SIGNIFICANCE CD14+Tim-4+ cells was elevated in UC patients and could be a novel indicator to assess disease severity and activity of UC.
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Rondanelli M, Lamburghini S, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Infantino V, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Miccono A. A food pyramid, based on a review of the emerging literature, for subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:17-46. [PMID: 32499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet plays an important modulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the management of inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence collected up till now regarding optimum diet therapy for IBD and to design a food pyramid for these patients. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions), together with tolerated fruits and vegetables (5 portions), yogurt (125ml), and extra virgin olive oil; weekly, fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), eggs (3 portions), pureed legumes (2 portions), seasoned cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once a week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: the red one means that subjects with IBD need some personalized supplementation and the black one means that there are some foods that are banned. The food pyramid makes it easier for patients to decide what they should eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamburghini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Milena A Faliva
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan 20146, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Mourad FH, Barada KA, Saade NE. Impairment of Small Intestinal Function in Ulcerative Colitis: Role of Enteric Innervation. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:369-377. [PMID: 27655154 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal dysfunction has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis and in experimental animal models of colitis. This is demonstrated by a decrease in fluid, electrolyte, amino acid, fat and carbohydrate absorption as well as by deranged intestinal motility. Histopathological changes in the small intestines in colitis have not been consistently demonstrated, but there is evidence of structural and biochemical alterations as shown by increased intestinal permeability and a decrease in the expression of multiple brush border membrane enzymes such as disaccharidases and aminopetidases, in both humans and experimental animals. The pathophysiology of this dysfunction has not been elucidated, but it is thought to include alterations in neural circuitry such as increased neuronal excitability, neuronal damage and changes of neuropeptidergic innervation and receptors as well as an increase in local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alterations in the production of some neurohumoral mediators. In the following, we provide an update on the advancement of clinical and scientific contributions to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the alteration of the functions of apparently intact small intestinal segments, induced by ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi H Mourad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Kassem A Barada
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saade
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
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Induction of colitis in mice with food allergen-specific immune response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32765. [PMID: 27604348 PMCID: PMC5015191 DOI: 10.1038/srep32765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of intestinal chronic inflammation is unclear. Food allergy plays an important role in the induction of intestinal inflammation. This study aims to test a hypothesis that food allergy initiates colitis. In this study, BALB/c mice were sensitized to a common food allergen, ovalbumin (OVA) with cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. The colon epithelial barrier function was assessed with Ussing chamber technique. Expression of T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain molecule-4 (TIM4) in dendritic cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that allergen-related colitis was induced in mice as shown by heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon mucosa, loss of body weight of mice, increases in myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, OVA-specific IgE in the colon tissue. The colon epithelial barrier function was markedly compromised in colitis group mice, which was mimicked by exposure the colon mucosa to CT in Ussing chamber. High frequency of TIM4+ dendritic cells was detected in the colon mucosa of colitis mice. Exposure of dendritic cells to CT markedly increased the expression of TIM4. We conclude that IBD-like inflammation can be induced in the mouse colon by the food allergen-related immune response.
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Hiramoto K, Yamate Y, Sato EF. The Effects of Ultraviolet Eye Irradiation on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:728-34. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Suzuka University of Medical Science; Suzuka Mie Japan
| | - Yurika Yamate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Suzuka University of Medical Science; Suzuka Mie Japan
| | - Eisuke F. Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Suzuka University of Medical Science; Suzuka Mie Japan
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Bin Lan, Yang F, Lu D, Lin Z. Specific immunotherapy plus Clostridium butyricum alleviates ulcerative colitis in patients with food allergy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25587. [PMID: 27167186 PMCID: PMC4863246 DOI: 10.1038/srep25587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant T cell activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). C. butyricum (Cb) is a probiotic and has been employed in the treatment of immune diseases. This study tests a hypothesis that specific immunotherapy (SIT) plus oral Cb (an over-the-counter probiotic) alleviates the UC symptoms. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, clinical study at our hospital. A total of 80 patients with relapsing-remitting ulcerative colitis and high levels of specific IgE antibody was randomly divided into 4 groups, and were treated with SIT or/and Cb, or placebo, respectively for 1 year. The results showed that a food antigen-specific Th2 polarization immune response was observed in UC patients with food allergy (FA). The frequency of regulatory B cells was significantly less in UC patients with FA as compared with healthy subjects. The UC patients with FA were treated with SIT and Cb showed significant amelioration of UC clinical symptoms, reduction of using UC-control medicines, and suppression of the skewed Th2 polarization, which did not occur in those treated with either SIT alone, or Cb alone, or placebo. In conclusion, combination of SIT and Cb efficiently alleviates a fraction of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenlv Lin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
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