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Nagai K, Niihori T, Okamoto N, Kondo A, Suga K, Ohhira T, Hayabuchi Y, Homma Y, Nakagawa R, Ifuku T, Abe T, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N, Aoki Y. Duplications in the G3 domain or switch II region in HRAS identified in patients with Costello syndrome. Hum Mutat 2021; 43:3-15. [PMID: 34618388 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disability, and predisposition to cancers. Germline variants in HRAS have been identified in patients with CS. Intragenic HRAS duplications have been reported in three patients with a milder phenotype of CS. In this study, we identified two known HRAS variants, p.(Glu63_Asp69dup), p.(Glu62_Arg68dup), and one novel HRAS variant, p.(Ile55_Asp57dup), in patients with CS, including a patient with craniosynostosis. These intragenic duplications are located in the G3 domain and the switch II region. Cells expressing cDNA with these three intragenic duplications showed an increase in ELK-1 transactivation. Injection of wild-type or mutant HRAS mRNAs with intragenic duplications in zebrafish embryos showed significant elongation of the yolk at 11 h postfertilization, which was improved by MEK inhibitor treatment, and a variety of developmental abnormalities at 3 days post fertilization was observed. These results indicate that small in-frame duplications affecting the G3 domain and switch II region of HRAS increase the activation of the ERK pathway, resulting in developmental abnormalities in zebrafish or patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nagai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Kondo
- Perinatal Medical Center, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, National Hospital Organization, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohhira
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Hayabuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukako Homma
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Ifuku
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Taiki Abe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Tseng YT, Kumar R, Wang HC. LvRas and LvRap are both important for WSSV replication in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:150-160. [PMID: 30794934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The white Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a pathogen that causes huge economic losses in the shrimp-farming industry globally. At the WSSV genome replication stage (12 hpi) in WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes, activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway triggers metabolic changes that resemble the Warburg effect. In shrimp, the upstream regulators of this pathway are still unknown, and in the present study, we isolate, characterize and investigate two candidate factors, i.e. the shrimp Ras GTPase isoforms LvRas and LvRap, both of which are upregulated after WSSV infection. dsRNA silencing experiments show that virus replication is significantly reduced when expression of either of these genes is suppressed. Pretreatment with the Ras inhibitor Salirasib further suggests that LvRas, which is a homolog to a commonly overexpressed human oncoprotein, may be involved in regulating the WSSV-induced Warburg effect. We also show that while both the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Raf-MEK-ERK pathways are activated by WSSV infection, LvRas appears to be involved only in the regulation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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