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Chen CH, Hsu CH, Chu LP, Chiu CH, Yang WC, Yu KW, Ye X. Acute Effects of Static Stretching Combined with Vibration and Nonvibration Foam Rolling on the Cardiovascular Responses and Functional Fitness of Older Women with Prehypertension. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071025. [PMID: 36101406 PMCID: PMC9312478 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thirty-seven percent of the US adult population have prehypertension, and a quarter to half of these over 65 years of age progress to hypertension in four years. Along with healthy diet, exercise or physical activity is one of the critical lifestyle factors for this population. General exercise recommendation or prescription to individuals who have cardiovascular risks is provided by organizations such as ACSM and AHA, but more detailed information and research are still needed. As the first component of any exercise program, finding the proper warm-up routine is important. We aimed to examine the acute immediate effects of three different warm-up protocols on cardiovascular responses and functional fitness testing in older women with prehypertension. Thirteen qualified subjects went through three protocols (static stretching with and without foam rolling, and stretching with vibration rolling) in three different sessions. Blood pressure was not altered only in the static stretching with foam rolling condition. Interestingly, adding the vibration component to the stretching increased the upper body flexibility and stretching. We therefore suggest the combination of static stretching with foam rolling as the safe and effective protocol for older women with prehypertension. Abstract We compared the effects of three warm-up protocols (static stretching (SS), static stretching with vibration foam rolling (SS + VFR), and static stretching with nonvibration foam rolling (SS + FR) on the blood pressure and functional fitness performance in older women with prehypertension. Thirteen older women went through different protocols in separate visits, and their systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, brachial pulse pressure (BPP), functional fitness test (back scratch (BS), chair-sit-and-reach, 30 s arm curl (AC), 30 s chair stand, 2 min step, 8-foot up and go), and single-leg standing balance (SLB) were recorded. The SBP and BPP were significantly higher after SS and SS + VFR than after SS + FR. Both SS + FR and SS + VFR significantly improved the 2 min step, when compared with SS. Additionally, SS + VFR significantly improved the BS and AC performance. However, compared with SS and SS + FR, SS + VFR significantly reduced the SLB performance. Therefore, SS + FR may be a better warm-up protocol for older women in maintaining blood pressure. On the other hand, even though SS + VFR induced superior shoulder flexibility, aerobic endurance, and arm strength, it could impair balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-W.Y.)
| | - Lee-Ping Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chieh Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (K.-W.Y.)
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-860-768-5787
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Feland B, Hopkins AC, Behm DG. Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Three Types of Hamstrings Stretching in Senior Athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:690-698. [PMID: 35321136 PMCID: PMC8488840 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although stretching is recommended for fitness and health, there is little research on the effects of different stretching routines on hemodynamic responses of senior adults. It is not clear whether stretching can be considered an aerobic exercise stimulus or may be contraindicated for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three stretching techniques; contract/relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), passive straight-leg raise (SLR), and static sit-and-reach (SR) on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in senior athletes (119 participants: 65.6 ± 7.6 yrs.). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR measurements were taken at baseline (after 5-minutes in a supine position), 45 and 90-seconds, during the stretch, and 2-minutes after stretching. Within each stretching group, (SLR, PNF, and SR) DBP, MAP and HR at pre-test and 2-min post-stretch were lower than at 45-s and 90-s during the stretch. SLR induced smaller increases in DBP and MAP than PNF and SR, whereas PNF elicited lower HR responses than SR. In conclusion, trained senior adult athletes experienced small to moderate magnitude increases of hemodynamic responses with SLR, SR and PNF stretching, which recovered to baseline values within 2-min after stretching. Furthermore, the passive SLR induced smaller increases in BP than PNF and SR, while PNF elicited lower HR responses than SR. These increases in hemodynamic responses (HR and BP) were not of a magnitude to be clinically significant, provide an aerobic exercise stimulus or warrant concerns for most senior athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Feland
- Faculty Department of Exercise Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Brigham, University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Andy C Hopkins
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's NL, Canada
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Changes in the Allostatic Response to Whole-Body Cryotherapy and Static-Stretching Exercises in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients vs. Healthy Individuals. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132795. [PMID: 34202023 PMCID: PMC8268724 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study represents a comparison of the functional interrelation of fatigue and cognitive, cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems in a group of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients compared with those in healthy individuals at different stages of analysis: at baseline and after changes induced by whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) combined with a static-stretching (SS) program. The study included 32 patients (Fukuda criteria) and 18 healthy controls. Fatigue, cognitive, cardiovascular and autonomic function and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 10 sessions of WBC with SS. In the patients, a disturbance in homeostasis was observed. The network relationship based on differences before and after intervention showed comparatively higher stress and eccentricity in the CFS group: 50.9 ± 56.1 vs. 6.35 ± 8.72, p = 0.002, r = 0.28; and 4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 1, p < 0.001, r = 0.46, respectively. Before and after intervention, in the CFS group increased fatigue was related to baroreceptor function, and baroreceptor function was in turn related to aortic stiffness, but no such relationships were observed in the control group. Differences in the network structure underlying the interrelation among the four measured criteria were observed in both groups, before the intervention and after ten sessions of whole cryotherapy with a static stretching exercise.
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Costa E Silva G, Costa PB, da Conceição RR, Pimenta L, de Almeida RL, Sato MA. Acute effects of different static stretching exercises orders on cardiovascular and autonomic responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15738. [PMID: 31673012 PMCID: PMC6823348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the acute effects of static stretching (SS) exercise order on cardiac responses. Seventeen individuals were submitted to two experimental SS session: Order “A” (larger to small muscles groups) and Order “B” (small to larger muscles groups). Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate-pressure product (RPP) oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at rest, midpoint of the session, immediately after the session, and in 5, 10, and 20 minutes after. SS increased HR and RPP in both orders, while reducing the rMSSD index and SpO2. In the order “A”, the SBP and DBP increased at the midpoint of the session. In the order “B”, the SBP and DBP increased only immediately after the end of the session. DBP and RPP significantly higher in order “A” compared to order “B” in the midpoint of the session. It was also demonstrated higher values of DBP and minor mean R-R intervals in order “B” at 10 min-post session. SS increased cardiac overload in both performed orders. The overload generated by the SS of the larger muscles groups was greater when compared to the smaller muscles groups, suggesting that the exercise order interferes in cardiac overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Costa E Silva
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. .,Research Group in Science of Human Movement, Colegio Pedro II, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Human Performance of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LFDH/UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Pablo B Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Pimenta
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto L de Almeida
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
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da Silva Araujo G, Behm DG, Monteiro ER, de Melo Fiuza AGF, Gomes TM, Vianna JM, Reis MS, da Silva Novaes J. Order Effects of Resistance and Stretching Exercises on Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2684-2693. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sousa AC, Gomes TM, Sousa MS, Saraiva AR, Araujo GS, Figueiredo T, Novaes JS. Static Stretch Performed After Strength Training Session Induces Hypotensive Response in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2981-2990. [PMID: 31453944 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sousa, AC, Gomes, TM, Sousa, MS, Saraiva, AR, Araujo, GS, Figueiredo, T, and Novaes, JS. Static stretch performed after strength training session induces hypotensive response in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2981-2990, 2019-The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of 3 different combinations between passive static stretching exercises (SE) with resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) response in normotensive trained men. Twenty-six volunteer subjects (age: 26.1 ± 5.4 years; body mass: 86.5 ± 10.5 kg; height: 1.78 ± 0.6 cm) participated in this study. After assessing 10 repetition maximum loads for the bench press, lat pulldown, shoulder press, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl, the subjects were randomly assigned on 3 experimental conditions: (a) static SE were performed before the RT session (SE + RT); (b) static SE were performed after the RT session (RT + SE); and (c) static SE were performed between the RT session (RTSE). The BP was measured for 60 minutes after the RT session. The 2-way analysis of variance for repeated measures showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the experimental conditions. In within comparisons, only the RT + SE experimental condition did not cause significant increases (p = 0.07) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) when compared the baseline and post-test moments (132.2 ± 10.7 vs. 141.3 ± 18.1 mm Hg). In addition, hypotensive effects were found in SBP only in the RT + SE experimental condition when compared SBP baseline (132.2 ± 10.7 mm Hg) vs. SBP30 minutes (121.7 ± 11.8 mm Hg; p = 0.04), SBP45 minutes (120.6 ± 9.8 mm Hg; p = 0.03), and SBP60 minutes (120.0 ± 7.9 mm Hg; p = 0.00). These findings suggest that performing static SE after the RT session provide an ideal combination for a postexercise hypotensive response from 30 minutes after exercise (and this change was enhanced up to 60 minutes). In conclusion, strength and conditioning professionals can prescribe static SE after RT if the goal is to reduce blood pressure after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio C Sousa
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Gomes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro Federal Univesity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFIEX), Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Moisés S Sousa
- Academic Sport Department, Pará State University, Belém do Pará, Brazil
| | - Alam R Saraiva
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gleisson S Araujo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro Federal Univesity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Figueiredo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (LAFIEX), Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S Novaes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro Federal Univesity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva GCE, Simão R, da Conceição RR, Costa PB, Miranda H, da Conceição RR, Almeida RL, Sato MA. Does the combination of resistance training and stretching increase cardiac overload? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e1066. [PMID: 31482980 PMCID: PMC6711259 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of combinations of resistance training (RT) and static stretching (SS) on heart rate (HR), systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), rate pressure product (RPP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), rating of perceived effort (RPE), and heart rate variability (HRV) in men. METHODS Twelve normotensive healthy men participated in four protocols: a) SS+RT, b) RT+SS, c) RT, and d) SS. Variables were measured before, immediately after, and 15, 30, and 45 min after the sessions. RESULTS The combination of SS and RT increased (p<0.001) HR when compared to the effects of the noncombined protocols (from 2.38 to 11.02%), and this result indicated metabolic compensation. Regarding DBP, there were differences (p<0.001) between the RT and SS groups (53.93±8.59 vs. 67.00±7.01 mmHg). SS has been shown to be able to reduce (p<0.001) SpO2 (4.67%) due to the occlusion caused by a reduction in the caliber of the blood vessels during SS compared to during rest. The increase in RPP (6.88% between RT and SS+RT) along with the HR results indicated higher metabolic stress than that reflected by the RPE (combined protocols increased RPE from 21.63 to 43.25%). The HRV analysis confirmed these results, showing increases (p<0.01) in the LF index between the combined and noncombined protocols. Compared to the effect of RT, the combination of SS and RT promoted a vagal suppression root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) index (from 9.51 to 21.52%) between the RT and SS+RT groups (p<0.01) and between the RT and RT+SS groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Static stretching increases cardiac overload and RPE, reducing oxygen supply, especially when performed in combination with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Costa e Silva
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC (Fundacao ABC), Santo Andre, SP, BR
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciencia do Movimento Humano, Colegio Pedro II, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Desempenho Humano (LFDH), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Roberto Simão
- Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | | | - Pablo B. Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, United States
| | - Humberto Miranda
- Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | | | - Roberto L Almeida
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC (Fundacao ABC), Santo Andre, SP, BR
| | - Mônica Akemi Sato
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC (Fundacao ABC), Santo Andre, SP, BR
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Nunes HEG, Alves CAS, Gonçalves ECA, Silva DAS. What Physical Fitness Component Is Most Closely Associated With Adolescents' Blood Pressure? Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:1107-1120. [PMID: 28901200 DOI: 10.1177/0031512517730414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine which of four selected physical fitness variables, would be most associated with blood pressure changes (systolic and diastolic) in a large sample of adolescents. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 1,117 adolescents aged 14-19 years from southern Brazil. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a digital pressure device, and the selected physical fitness variables were body composition (body mass index), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle strength/resistance (manual dynamometer), and aerobic fitness (Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses revealed that aerobic fitness and muscle strength/resistance best explained variations in systolic blood pressure for boys (17.3% and 7.4% of variance) and girls (7.4% of variance). Aerobic fitness, body composition, and muscle strength/resistance are all important indicators of blood pressure control, but aerobic fitness was a stronger predictor of systolic blood pressure in boys and of diastolic blood pressure in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloyse E G Nunes
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28117 Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos A S Alves
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28117 Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eliane C A Gonçalves
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28117 Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego A S Silva
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28117 Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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