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Zhao D, Ji J, Li S, Wu A. Skullcapflavone II protects neuronal damage in cerebral ischemic rats via inhibiting NF-ĸB and promoting angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104318. [PMID: 35026288 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia (CI) is considered as a main cause of cerebral stroke (CS) and poses significant risk to the mankind across the world. In the present study, we intended to investigate the protective effect of Skullcapflavone II (SCP) a flavonoid isolated from S. baicalensis on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion was used to create ischemic stroke rat model. The rats were treated with (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) SCP and after the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed and various biochemical parameters were assed to determine the pharmacological action of SCP. RESULTS SCP dramatically decreases cerebral edema, infarct volume, and improves neurological manifestation as confirmed by reduced neurological deficit. SCP also improves the survivability of neurons as evidenced by H and E and Nissl staining. The level of oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex of the rats was found reduced after treatment with SCP, as confirmed by increase in GSH and SOD activity with reduction in MDA content. In addition, SCP attenuated inflammation via reducing the level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in brain tissues of rats. SCP increases the expression of Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3 and -9, while decreasing Bax, and NF-ĸB/TLR4. It causes induction of angiogenesis as suggested by increased expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and Tie-2 in cerebral cortex of rat. CONCLUSIONS Our data determined that SCP may provide protective effect on the I/R-induced cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danpeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ward 6, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City 450000, China
| | - Jinming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Aimei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital, No.9 Fengcheng 3(rd) Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China.
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Can Dexmedetomidine Be Effective in the Protection of Radiotherapy-Induced Brain Damage in the Rat? Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1338-1351. [PMID: 34057703 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are reported to be undergoing radiotherapy (RT) at any one time in the world. However, it is still not possible to prevent damage to secondary organs that are off-target. This study, therefore, investigated the potential adverse effects of RT on the brain, using cognitive, histopathological, and biochemical methods, and the counteractive effect of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5-6 months were randomly allocated into four groups: untreated control, and RT, RT + dexmedetomidine-100, and RT + dexmedetomidine-200-treated groups. The passive avoidance test was applied to all groups. The RT groups received total body X-ray irradiation as a single dose of 8 Gy. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after X-ray irradiation, and following the application of the passive avoidance test. The brain tissues were subjected to histological and biochemical evaluation. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and RT groups in terms of passive avoidance outcomes and 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) positivity. In contrast, a significant increase in tissue MDA and GSH levels and positivity for TUNEL, TNF-α, and nNOS was observed between the control and the irradiation groups (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in these values was observed in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine. Compared with the control group, gradual elevation was determined in GSH levels in the RT group, followed by the RT + dexmedetomidine-100 and RT + dexmedetomidine-200 groups. Dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in countering the adverse effects of RT in the cerebral and hippocampal regions.
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Lamtai M, Zghari O, Ouakki S, Marmouzi I, Mesfioui A, El Hessni A, Ouichou A. Chronic copper exposure leads to hippocampus oxidative stress and impaired learning and memory in male and female rats. Toxicol Res 2020; 36:359-366. [PMID: 33005595 PMCID: PMC7494722 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposures to copper (Cu) play a pivotal role in the etiology of some neurological diseases and reduced cognitive functions. However, the precise mechanisms of its effects on cognitive function have not been yet thoroughly established. In our study, we aimed to investigate the behavior and neurochemical alterations in hippocampus of male and female rats, chronically exposed to copper chloride (CuCl2) and the possible involvement of oxidative stress. Twenty-four rats, for each gender, were divided into control and three test groups (n = 6), and were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.9% NaCl) or CuCl2 (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. After the treatment period, Y-maze test was used for the evaluation of spatial working memory and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) to test the spatial learning and memory. Biochemical determination of oxidative stress levels in hippocampus was performed. The main results of the present work are working memory impairment in spatial Y-maze which induced by higher Cu intake (1 mg/kg) in male and female rats. Also, In the MWM test, the spatial learning and memory were significantly impaired in rats treated with Cu at dose of 1 mg/kg. Additionally, markers of oxidative stress such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide levels were significantly altered following Cu treatments. These data propose that compromised behavior following Cu exposure is associated with increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kénitra, 14000 Morocco
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Lendor S, Olkowicz M, Boyaci E, Yu M, Diwan M, Hamani C, Palmer M, Reyes-Garcés N, Gómez-Ríos GA, Pawliszyn J. Investigation of Early Death-Induced Changes in Rat Brain by Solid Phase Microextraction via Untargeted High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: In Vivo versus Postmortem Comparative Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1827-1840. [PMID: 32407623 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of brain samples obtained postmortem remains a standard approach in neuroscience, despite often being suboptimal for inferring roles of small molecules in the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Sample collection and preservation further hinders conclusive interpretation of biomarker analysis in autopsy samples. We investigate purely death-induced changes affecting rat hippocampus in the first hour of postmortem interval (PMI) by means of untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The unique possibility of sampling the same brain area of each animal both in vivo and postmortem was enabled by employing solid phase microextraction (SPME) probes. Four millimeter probes coated with mixed mode extraction phase were used to sample awake, freely roaming animals, with 2 more sampling events performed after death. Significant changes in brain neurochemistry were found to occur as soon as 30 min after death, further progressing with increasing PMI, evidenced by relative changes in levels of metabolites and lipids. These included species from several distinct groups, which can be classified as engaged in energy metabolism-related processes, signal transduction, neurotransmission, or inflammatory response. Additionally, we perform thorough analysis of interindividual variability in response to death, which provides insights into how this aspect can obscure conclusions drawn from an untargeted study at single metabolite and pathway level. The results suggest high demand for systematic studies examining the PMI time course with in vivo sampling as a starting point to eliminate artifacts in the form of neurochemical changes assumed to occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ezel Boyaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German Augusto Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Guan B, Chen R, Zhong M, Liu N, Chen Q. Protective effect of Oxymatrine against acute spinal cord injury in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:149-157. [PMID: 31840202 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on motor functions and histopathologic changes after spinal cord injury and the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects. Results suggested that, OMT causes regain of lost motor function near to normal via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. These observations were further supported by histological examination of spinal cord of rats. It also showed to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bcl2 family proteins and reduces the level of toll like receptor (TLR-4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) in concentration dependent manner. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was also regulated by OMT after SCI. It has been suggested that, OMT promotes the recovery of motor function after SCI in rats via multiple mechanism, and this effect may be related to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingliang Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Rakib F, Ali CM, Yousuf M, Afifi M, Bhatt PR, Ullah E, Al-Saad K, Ali MHM. Investigation of Biochemical Alterations in Ischemic Stroke Using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy-A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110293. [PMID: 31717715 PMCID: PMC6895834 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain damage, long-term disability and death are the dreadful consequences of ischemic stroke. It causes imbalance in the biochemical constituents that distorts the brain dynamics. Understanding the sub-cellular alterations associated with the stroke will contribute to deeper molecular understanding of brain plasticity and recovery. Current routine approaches examining lipid and protein biochemical changes post stoke can be difficult. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy can play a vital role in detecting these molecular alterations on a sub-cellular level due to its high spatial resolution, accuracy and sensitivity. This study investigates the biochemical and molecular changes in peri-infract zone (PIZ) (contiguous area not completely damaged by stroke) and ipsi-lesional white matter (WM) (right below the stroke and PIZ regions) nine weeks post photothrombotic ischemic stroke in rats. Materials and Methods: FTIR imaging spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were applied to investigate brain tissue samples while hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of adjacent sections were prepared for comparison and examination the morphological changes post stroke. Results: TEM results revealed shearing of myelin sheaths and loss of cell membrane, structure and integrity after ischemic stroke. FTIR results showed that ipsi-lesional PIZ and WM experienced reduction in total protein and total lipid content compared to contra-lesional hemisphere. The lipid/protein ratio reduced in PIZ and adjacent WM indicated lipid peroxidation, which results in lipid chain fragmentation and an increase in olefinic content. Protein structural change is observed in PIZ due to the shift from random coli and α-helical structures to β-sheet conformation. Conclusion: FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy provide novel biochemical information at sub-cellular levels that be difficult to be obtained by routine approaches. The results suggest that successful therapeutic strategy that is based on administration of anti-oxidant therapy, which could reduce and prevent neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation products. This approach will mitigate tissue damage in chronic ischemic period. FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy can be used as a powerful tool and offer new approach in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Carmen M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Mohammed Yousuf
- Central Laboratory Unit (CLU), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohammed Afifi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Pooja R. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. M. Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha 34110, Qatar
- Qatar National Library, Doha 5825, Qatar
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
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