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Sinke MRT, van Tilborg GAF, Meerwaldt AE, van Heijningen CL, van der Toorn A, Straathof M, Rakib F, Ali MHM, Al-Saad K, Otte WM, Dijkhuizen RM. Remote Corticospinal Tract Degeneration After Cortical Stroke in Rats May Not Preclude Spontaneous Sensorimotor Recovery. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:1010-1019. [PMID: 34546138 PMCID: PMC8593321 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211041318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Recovery of motor function after stroke appears to be related to the integrity of axonal connections in the corticospinal tract (CST) and corpus callosum, which may both be affected after cortical stroke. Objective. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of changes in measures of the CST and transcallosal tract integrity, with the interhemispheric functional connectivity and sensorimotor performance after experimental cortical stroke. Methods. We conducted in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI, and behavior testing in twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats recovering from unilateral photothrombotic stroke in the sensorimotor cortex. Twenty-three healthy rats served as controls. Results. A reduction in the number of reconstructed fibers, a lower fractional anisotropy, and higher radial diffusivity in the ipsilesional but intact CST, reflected remote white matter degeneration. In contrast, transcallosal tract integrity remained preserved. Functional connectivity between the ipsi- and contralesional forelimb regions of the primary somatosensory cortex significantly reduced at week 8 post-stroke. Comparably, usage of the stroke-affected forelimb was normal at week 28, following significant initial impairment between day 1 and week 8 post-stroke. Conclusions. Our study shows that post-stroke motor recovery is possible despite degeneration in the CST and may be supported by intact neuronal communication between hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R T Sinke
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geralda A F van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anu E Meerwaldt
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L van Heijningen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Straathof
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, 108740College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed H M Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), 370593Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, 108740College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Willem M Otte
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, 526115UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rakib F, Al-Saad K, Ahmed T, Ullah E, Barreto GE, Md Ashraf G, Ali MHM. Biomolecular alterations in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 248:119189. [PMID: 33277210 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute injury is one of the substantial stage post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurring at the moment of impact. Decreased metabolism, unregulated cerebral blood flow and direct tissue damage are triggered by acute injury. Understating the biochemical alterations associated with acute TBI is critical for brain plasticity and recovery. The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical and molecular changes in hippocampus, corpus callosum and thalamus brain regions post-acute TBI in rats. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy were used to collect chemical images from control and 3 hrs post-TBI (Marmarou model was used for the TBI induction) rat brains and adjacent sections were treated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to correlate with the disruption in tissue morphology and injured brain biochemistry. Our results revealed that the total lipid and total protein content decreased significantly in the hippocampus, corpus callosum and thalamus after brain injury. Reduction in lipid acyl chains (-CH2) associated with an increase in methyl (-CH3) and unsaturated lipids olefin = CH concentrations is observed. Furthermore, there is a decrease in the lipid order (disorder), which leads to an increase in acyl chain fluidity in injured rats. The results suggest acute TBI damages brain tissues mechanically rather than chemical alterations. This will help in assessing successful therapeutic strategy in order to mitigate tissue damage in acute TBI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed H M Ali
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Al-Saad K, Issa AA, Idoudi S, Shomar B, Al-Ghouti MA, Al-Hashimi N, El-Azazy M. Smart Synthesis of Trimethyl Ethoxysilane (TMS) Functionalized Core-Shell Magnetic Nanosorbents Fe 3O 4@SiO 2: Process Optimization and Application for Extraction of Pesticides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204827. [PMID: 33092200 PMCID: PMC7587953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a smart approach for synthesizing trimethyl ethoxysilane–decorated magnetic-core silica-nanoparticles (TMS-mcSNPs) and its effectiveness as nanosorbents have been exploited. While the magnetite core was synthesized using the modified Mössbauer method, Stöber method was employed to coat the magnetic particles. The objective of this work is to maximize the magnetic properties and to minimize both particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD). Using a full factorial design (2k-FFD), the influences of four factors on the coating process was assessed by optimizing the three responses (magnetic properties, PS, and PSD). These four factors were: (1) concentration of tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS); (2) concentration of ammonia; (3) dose of magnetite (Fe3O4); and (4) addition mode. Magnetic properties were calculated as the attraction weight. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine PS, and standard deviation (±SD) was calculated to determine the PSD. Composite desirability function (D) was used to consolidate the multiple responses into a single performance characteristic. Pareto chart of standardized effects together with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95.0 confidence interval (CI) were used to determine statistically significant variable(s). Trimethyl ethoxysilane–functionalized mcSNPs were further applied as nanosorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction (TMS-MSPE) of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed A. Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Sourour Idoudi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Nessreen Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44034675
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Rakib F, Ali CM, Yousuf M, Afifi M, Bhatt PR, Ullah E, Al-Saad K, Ali MHM. Investigation of Biochemical Alterations in Ischemic Stroke Using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy-A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110293. [PMID: 31717715 PMCID: PMC6895834 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain damage, long-term disability and death are the dreadful consequences of ischemic stroke. It causes imbalance in the biochemical constituents that distorts the brain dynamics. Understanding the sub-cellular alterations associated with the stroke will contribute to deeper molecular understanding of brain plasticity and recovery. Current routine approaches examining lipid and protein biochemical changes post stoke can be difficult. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy can play a vital role in detecting these molecular alterations on a sub-cellular level due to its high spatial resolution, accuracy and sensitivity. This study investigates the biochemical and molecular changes in peri-infract zone (PIZ) (contiguous area not completely damaged by stroke) and ipsi-lesional white matter (WM) (right below the stroke and PIZ regions) nine weeks post photothrombotic ischemic stroke in rats. Materials and Methods: FTIR imaging spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were applied to investigate brain tissue samples while hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of adjacent sections were prepared for comparison and examination the morphological changes post stroke. Results: TEM results revealed shearing of myelin sheaths and loss of cell membrane, structure and integrity after ischemic stroke. FTIR results showed that ipsi-lesional PIZ and WM experienced reduction in total protein and total lipid content compared to contra-lesional hemisphere. The lipid/protein ratio reduced in PIZ and adjacent WM indicated lipid peroxidation, which results in lipid chain fragmentation and an increase in olefinic content. Protein structural change is observed in PIZ due to the shift from random coli and α-helical structures to β-sheet conformation. Conclusion: FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy provide novel biochemical information at sub-cellular levels that be difficult to be obtained by routine approaches. The results suggest that successful therapeutic strategy that is based on administration of anti-oxidant therapy, which could reduce and prevent neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation products. This approach will mitigate tissue damage in chronic ischemic period. FTIR imaging bio-spectroscopy can be used as a powerful tool and offer new approach in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Carmen M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Mohammed Yousuf
- Central Laboratory Unit (CLU), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohammed Afifi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Pooja R. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.R.); (C.M.A.); (M.A.); (P.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. M. Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha 34110, Qatar
- Qatar National Library, Doha 5825, Qatar
- Correspondence: (K.A.-S.); (M.H.M.A.)
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Ali MHM, Toor SM, Rakib F, Mall R, Ullah E, Mroue K, Kolatkar PR, Al-Saad K, Elkord E. Investigation of the Effect of PD-L1 Blockade on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030109. [PMID: 31505846 PMCID: PMC6789440 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its ligand PD-L1 on tumor cells can antagonize T cell responses. Inhibiting these interactions using immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy. MDA-MB-231 is a triple negative breast cancer cell line that expresses PD-L1. In this study, we investigated the biochemical changes in MDA-MB-231 cells following treatment with atezolizumab, a specific PD-L1 blocker. Our readouts were Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and flow cytometric analyses. Chemometrical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), was applied to delineate the spectral differences. We were able to identify the chemical alterations in both protein and lipid structure of the treated cells. We found that there was a shift from random coil and α-helical structure to β-sheet conformation of PD-L1 on tumor cells due to atezolizumab treatment, which could hinder binding with its receptors on immune cells, ensuring sustained T cell activation for potent immune responses. This work provides novel information about the effects of atezolizumab at molecular and cellular levels. FTIR bio-spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric analyses, may expedite research and offer new approaches for cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University (QU), P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamal Mroue
- Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R Kolatkar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University (QU), P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar.
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Al-Saad K, El-Azazy M, Issa AA, Al-Yafie A, El-Shafie AS, Al-Sulaiti M, Shomar B. Recycling of Date Pits Into a Green Adsorbent for Removal of Heavy Metals: A Fractional Factorial Design-Based Approach. Front Chem 2019; 7:552. [PMID: 31457003 PMCID: PMC6700247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Date pits (DPs) have been recycled into a low-cost adsorbent for removing of selected heavy metals (HMs) from artificially contaminated aqueous solutions. Adsorption of targeted HMs, both by raw date pits (RDP) and burnt date pits (BDP) was tested. Results showed that BDP is more efficient as an adsorbent and mostly adsorbing Cu(II). A novel approach; fractional factorial design (2k−p – FrFD) was used to build the experimental pattern of this study. The effects of four factors on the maximum percentage (%) of removal (Y) were considered; pH, adsorbent dose (AD), heavy metal concentration (HMC), and contact time (CT). Statistically significant variables were detected using Pareto chart of standardized effects, normal and half-normal plots together with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95.0 confidence intervals (CI). Optimizing (maximizing) the percentage (%) removal of Cu(II) by BDP, was performed using optimization plots. Results showed that the factors: pH and adsorbent dose (AD) affect the response positively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of both adsorbents while fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to get an idea on the functional groups on the surface and hence the adsorption mechanism. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the prepared adsorbents before and after adsorption of Cu(II). Equilibrium studies show that the adsorption behavior differs according to the equilibrium concentration. In general, it follows Langmuir isotherm up to 155 ppm, then Freundlich isotherm. Free energy of adsorption (ΔGad) is −28.07 kJ/mole, when equilibrium concentration is below 155 ppm, so the adsorption process is spontaneous, while (ΔGad) equals +17.89 kJ/mole above 155 ppm, implying that the process is non-spontaneous. Furthermore, the adsorption process is a mixture of physisorption and chemisorption processes, which could be endothermic or exothermic reactions. The adsorption kinetics were described using a second order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Al-Yafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed S El-Shafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maetha Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Lyng FM, Traynor D, Nguyen TNQ, Meade AD, Rakib F, Al-Saady R, Goormaghtigh E, Al-Saad K, Ali MH. Discrimination of breast cancer from benign tumours using Raman spectroscopy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212376. [PMID: 30763392 PMCID: PMC6375635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with an estimated 1.7 million cases and 522,000 deaths in 2012. Breast cancer is diagnosed by histopathological examination of breast biopsy material but this is subjective and relies on morphological changes in the tissue. Raman spectroscopy uses incident radiation to induce vibrations in the molecules of a sample and the scattered radiation can be used to characterise the sample. This technique is rapid and non-destructive and is sensitive to subtle biochemical changes occurring at the molecular level. This allows spectral variations corresponding to disease onset to be detected. The aim of this work was to use Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between benign lesions (fibrocystic, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma) and cancer (invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma) using formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissue. Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections from the patient biopsies were marked by a pathologist. Raman maps were recorded from parallel unstained tissue sections. Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) was performed on a further set of parallel sections. Both benign and cancer cases were positive for ER while only the cancer cases were positive for HER2. Significant spectral differences were observed between the benign and cancer cases and the benign cases could be differentiated from the cancer cases with good sensitivity and specificity. This study has shown the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an aid to histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer, in particular in the discrimination between benign and malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. Lyng
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (FML); (MHA)
| | - Damien Traynor
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thi Nguyet Que Nguyen
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan D. Meade
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rafif Al-Saady
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Al Ahli Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Erik Goormaghtigh
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed H. Ali
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (FML); (MHA)
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Ali MHM, Rakib F, Abdelalim EM, Limbeck A, Mall R, Ullah E, Mesaeli N, McNaughton D, Ahmed T, Al-Saad K. Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation -ICPMS New Vistas for Biochemical Analyses of Ischemic Stroke in Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:647. [PMID: 30283295 PMCID: PMC6157330 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Stroke is the main cause of adult disability in the world, leaving more than half of the patients dependent on daily assistance. Understanding the post-stroke biochemical and molecular changes are critical for patient survival and stroke management. The aim of this work was to investigate the photo-thrombotic ischemic stroke in male rats with particular focus on biochemical and elemental changes in the primary stroke lesion in the somatosensory cortex and surrounding areas, including the corpus callosum. Materials and Methods: FT-IR imaging spectroscopy and LA-ICPMS techniques examined stroke brain samples, which were compared with standard immunohistochemistry studies. Results: The FTIR results revealed that in the lesioned gray matter the relative distribution of lipid, lipid acyl and protein contents decreased significantly. Also at this locus, there was a significant increase in aggregated protein as detected by high-levels Aβ1-42. Areas close to the stroke focus experienced decrease in the lipid and lipid acyl contents associated with an increase in lipid ester, olefin, and methyl bio-contents with a novel finding of Aβ1-42 in the PL-GM and L-WM. Elemental analyses realized major changes in the different brain structures that may underscore functionality. Conclusion: In conclusion, FTIR bio-spectroscopy is a non-destructive, rapid, and a refined technique to characterize oxidative stress markers associated with lipid degradation and protein denaturation not characterized by routine approaches. This technique may expedite research into stroke and offer new approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. The results suggest that a good therapeutic strategy should include a mechanism that provides protective effect from brain swelling (edema) and neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasrin Mesaeli
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald McNaughton
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ali MH, Rakib F, Al-Saad K, Al-Saady R, Lyng FM, Goormaghtigh E. A simple model for cell type recognition using 2D-correlation analysis of FTIR images from breast cancer tissue. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Elazazy MS, Issa AA, Al-Mashreky M, Al-Sulaiti M, Al-Saad K. Application of fractional factorial design for green synthesis of cyano-modified silica nanoparticles: Chemometrics and multifarious response optimization. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shomar B, Al-Saad K, Nriagu J. Mishandling and exposure of farm workers in Qatar to organophosphate pesticides. Environ Res 2014; 133:312-320. [PMID: 24997273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We used a combination of subjective (questionnaire) and objective (urinary metabolites) measurements to evaluate factors that can predict the exposure of farm workers in Qatar to organophosphate pesticides and to assess whether the levels of exposure are associated with any self-reported health outcomes. The results show that pesticides were being extensively mishandled in the farms. Very few (<2%) of the farm workers knew the names of the pesticide they were using, and about one-third of the participants did not know the amount of pesticides to be applied to the crops. Nearly all (96%) of the participants had participated in mixing pesticides together before use and few (29%) used protective clothing while engaged in this operation. A significant number of participants (18%) had no knowledge that pesticides are a health hazard. At least one dialkyllphosphate (DAP) metabolite was detected in every worker. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of the dimethylalkylphosphates (DMAP) was 108 nM (range, from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 351 nM), and the GM for the diethylalkylphosphates (DEAP) was 43 nM (range, LOD-180 nM). The GM for total concentration of the metabolites (DAP) of 146 nM (maximum value estimated to be 531 nM) is below the values that have been reported for farmers in some countries, but higher than the levels in the general populations of many countries. We explored the influence of metal exposure and found consistent and negative relationships between the DAP metabolites and the concentrations of most of the trace elements in the urine of the farm workers; the negative associations were statistically significant for Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, As, and Pb. We suspect that the negative associations are not source-dependent but may be reflective of antagonistic relationships in human metabolism of OPPs and trace metals; hence we recommend that metals should be included as co-factors in assessing the health effects of OPP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environmental & Energy Research Institute (QEER), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48103, MI, USA
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Rowell C, Kuiper N, Shomar B, Al-Saad K, Nriagu J. Response to: "Cancer risk due to contamination: consideration from market basket survey in Qatar". Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:325. [PMID: 25038393 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candace Rowell
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nora Kuiper
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Rowell C, Kuiper N, Al-Saad K, Nriagu J, Shomar B. A market basket survey of As, Zn and Se in rice imports in Qatar: health implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:33-9. [PMID: 24813761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Qatar is dependent on importation of rice, its staple dish, and is therefore susceptible to compromises of food quality in the global market. This market basket study assesses potential health risks of As exposure from rice consumption in Qatar and examines its contribution to the recommended nutritional intakes (RNI) for Zn and Se. Fifty-six rice types and 12 products sold in Qatar were analyzed by ICP/MS. Mean concentrations and ranges were 96.2±54.1μg/kg (9.76-258μg/kg) for As; 12.5±5.35mg/kg (2.79-29.9mg/kg) for Zn and 103±113μg/kg (<5.94-422μg/kg) for Se. Calculated risk quotient shows rice consumption in Qatar is not a significant route of As exposure but can contribute up to 100% and 50% of the RNI for Se and Zn, respectively. Results indicate that children in Qatar may be at elevated risk of arsenic exposure from rice-based infant cereals but more data is needed to obtain a definitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Rowell
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nora Kuiper
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Central Laboratory Unit, Department of Chemistry, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
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Wan W, Zhao G, Al-Saad K, Siems WF, Zhou ZS. Rapid screening for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation products by enzyme-transferred isotope patterns analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004; 18:319-324. [PMID: 14755618 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report here an isotopic labeling and mass spectrometric method to rapidly identify S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation products. In the presence of CH(3)- and CD(3)-labeled AdoMet, a methyl transfer product appears as a doublet separated by 3 Da in a mass spectrum, while other compounds show their normal isotopic distribution. Based on this unique isotopic pattern, methylation product(s) can be easily detected even from a mixture of cellular components. To validate our method, the product of human thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT, EC 2.1.1.67) has been successfully identified from both an in vitro assay and a whole-cell assay. This method is generally applicable to AdoMet-dependent transmethylation and other group-transfer reactions, and constitutes the first example of a general strategy of enzyme-transferred isotope patterns (ETIPs) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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