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Sun L, He Y, Chen J, Yang X, Ding Y, Shi M, He A, Zhang P, Huang Z, Li R. Bioinformatics analysis identifies potential autophagy key genes and immune infiltration in preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:618-632. [PMID: 38350492 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease that seriously threatens maternal and fetal health. Appropriate autophagy can shield the placenta from oxidative stress, but its role in PE is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify potential autophagy-related genes in PE. METHODS Microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, compassing the test dataset GSE10588, along with validation datasets GSE4707 and GSE60438 GPL10558, were utilized. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma R package, intersected with autophagy-related genes. Hub genes were obtained using the Cytoscape software and analyzed via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The diagnostic capability of hub genes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Analysis of immune cell infiltration was conducted using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT methods. Placental tissues were collected from 10 normal pregnant women and 10 preeclamptic pregnant women, and the expression of hub genes was validated through immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the microarray data identified 2224 DEGs, among which 26 were autophagy-related DEGs identified through intersection with autophagy genes. Ten hub genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested the potential involvement of T regulatory cells (Tregs), natural killer cells, neutrophils, and T follicular helper cells in the pathogenesis of PE. ROC curve analysis indicated promising diagnostic capabilities for EGFR and TP53. Additionally, levels of EGFR and TP53 were significantly higher in placental tissue from PE pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies. CONCLUSION EGFR and TP53 may play a role in PE by influencing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Shunde hospital of Jinan University, the Second People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Shunde hospital of Jinan University, the Second People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiting Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhong S, Zhang Y, Mou H, Jian C, Huang Q, Ou Y. Targeting PERK-ATF4-P21 axis enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma HOS cells to Mppα-PDT. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2789-2811. [PMID: 38319715 PMCID: PMC10911341 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents. The overall survival of OS patients has reached a plateau recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop approaches to improve the sensitivity of OS to therapies. Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPα-PDT) is a new type of tumor therapy, and elucidating its mechanism is helpful to improve its anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we investigated how PERK signaling promotes the human OS (HOS) cell survival induced by MPPα-PDT, as overcoming this may enhance sensitivity to MPPα-PDT. We found that MPPα-PDT combined with PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 enhanced HOS cell apoptosis by suppressing autophagy and p21. Autophagy inhibition and p21 depletion enhanced cell death, indicating pro-survival effects in MPPα-PDT. Notably, p21 was found to be an effector of the PERK-Atf4 pathway, which could positively regulate autophagy mediated by MPPα-PDT. In conclusion, we found that the combination of MPPα-PDT and GSK2656157 enhanced apoptosis in HOS cells by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, this autophagy is p21-dependent and can be suppressed by GSK2656157, thereby enhancing sensitivity to MPPα-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxi Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changchun Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
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Lee DE, Lee GY, Lee HM, Choi SY, Lee SJ, Kwon OS. Synergistic apoptosis by combination of metformin and an O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor in colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 37268905 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autophagy is an important mediator of metformin antitumor activity, the role of metformin in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis remains unclear. The aim was to confirm the anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis by co-treatment with metformin and OSMI-1, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcylation, in colon cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability was measured by MTT in colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620 cells. Co-treatment with metformin and OSMI-1 induced autophagy and apoptosis, which was analyzed using western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Combined treatment with metformin and OSMI-1 synergistically inhibit the growth of HCT116 was confirmed by xenograft tumors. RESULTS We showed that metformin inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity by inducing high levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to induce autophagy in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, metformin increased O-GlcNAcylation and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) levels in HCT116 cells. Thus, metformin also blocks autophagy by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation, whereas OSMI-1 increases autophagy via ER stress. In contrast, combined metformin and OSMI-1 treatment resulted in continuous induction of autophagy and disruption of O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis, resulting in excessive autophagic flux, which synergistically induced apoptosis. Downregulation of Bcl2 promoted apoptosis via the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and CHOP overexpression, synergistically inducing apoptosis. The activation of IRE1α/JNK signaling by OSMI-1 and PERK/CHOP signaling by metformin combined to inhibit Bcl2 activity, ultimately leading to the upregulation of cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, combinatorial treatment of HCT116 cells with metformin and OSMI-1 resulted in more synergistic apoptosis being induced by enhancement of signal activation through ER stress-induced signaling rather than the cell protective autophagy function. These results in HCT116 cells were also confirmed in xenograft models, suggesting that this combination strategy could be utilized for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Yong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon J, Kim J, Kim KI. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy in human diseases. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:29-37. [PMID: 36860271 PMCID: PMC9970256 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2181217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells activate protective mechanisms to overcome stressful conditions that threaten cellular homeostasis, including imbalances in calcium, redox, and nutrient levels. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates an intracellular signaling pathway, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to mitigate such circumstances and protect cells. Although ER stress is sometimes a negative regulator of autophagy, UPR induced by ER stress typically activates autophagy, a self-degradative pathway that further supports its cytoprotective role. Sustained activation of ER stress and autophagy is known to trigger cell death and is considered a therapeutic target for certain diseases. However, ER stress-induced autophagy can also lead to treatment resistance in cancer and exacerbation of certain diseases. Since the ER stress response and autophagy affect each other, and the degree of their activation is closely related to various diseases, understanding their relationship is very important. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of two fundamental cellular stress responses, the ER stress response and autophagy, and their crosstalk under pathological conditions to help develop therapies for inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Keun Il Kim Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul04310, Republic of Korea
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Wei H, Du X, Zhao H, Sun P, Yang J. Propofol Regulates ER Stress to Inhibit Tumour Growth and Sensitize Osteosarcoma to Doxorubicin. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:3093945. [PMID: 36756222 PMCID: PMC9897936 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3093945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour affecting children and young adults. The antitumour role of propofol, a widely used intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent, has been recently reported in different cancer types. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of propofol on osteosarcoma and explore the possible mechanisms. Propofol of increasing concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml) was used to treat the MG63 and 143B cells for 72 hours, and the CCK8 assay was applied to evaluate the tumour cell proliferation. Tumour cell migration and invasion were assessed with the transwell assay. The tumour cells were also treated with doxorubicin single agent or in combination with propofol to explore their synergic role. Differential expressed genes after propofol treatment were obtained and functionally assessed with bioinformatic tools. Expression of ER stress markers CHOP, p-eIF2α, and XBP1s was evaluated to validate the activation of ER stress response with western blot and qRT-PCR. The statistical analyses were performed with R v4.2.1. Propofol treatment led to significant growth inhibition in MG63 and 143B cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Osteosarcoma migration (MG63 91.4 (82-102) vs. 56.8 (49-65), p < 0.05; 143B 96.6 (77-104) vs. 45.4 (28-54), p < 0.05) and invasion (MG63 68.6 (61-80) vs. 32 (25-39), p < 0.05; 143B 90.6 (72-100) vs. 39.2 (26-55), p < 0.05) were reduced after propofol treatment. Doxorubicin sensitivity was increased after propofol treatment compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed significant functional enrichment in ER stress response after propofol treatment. Upregulation of CHOP, p-eIF2α, and XBP1s was detected in MG63 and 143B secondary to propofol treatment. In conclusion, we found that propofol treatment suppressed osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion and had a synergic role with doxorubicin by inducing ER stress. Our findings provided a novel option in osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinhui Du
- Bone and Soft Tissue Department, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Mechanism and Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Osteosarcoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121882. [PMID: 36551309 PMCID: PMC9775044 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, often occurring in children and adolescents. The etiology of most patients is unclear, and the current conventional treatment methods are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. However, the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is low, and the prognosis is poor. The development of new and useful treatment strategies for improving patient survival is an urgent need. It has been found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) affects tumor angiogenesis, invasion, etc. By summarizing the literature related to osteosarcoma and ERS, we found that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway activated by ERS has a regulatory role in osteosarcoma proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. In osteosarcoma, the UPR pathway plays an important role by crosstalk with autophagy, oxidative stress, and other pathways. Overall, this article focuses on the relationship between ERS and osteosarcoma and reviews the potential of drugs or gene targets associated with ERS for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Canonical and Noncanonical ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy Is a Bite the Bullet in View of Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233773. [PMID: 36497032 PMCID: PMC9738281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt multiple mechanisms to counter intense stress on their way to growth. Tumor microenvironment stress leads to canonical and noncanonical endoplasmic stress (ER) responses, which mediate autophagy and are engaged during proteotoxic challenges to clear unfolded or misfolded proteins and damaged organelles to mitigate stress. In these conditions, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism in which malignant tumor cells reuse degraded materials to generate energy under adverse growing conditions. However, cellular protection by autophagy is thought to be complicated, contentious, and context-dependent; the stress response to autophagy is suggested to support tumorigenesis and drug resistance, which must be adequately addressed. This review describes significant findings that suggest accelerated autophagy in cancer, a novel obstacle for anticancer therapy, and discusses the UPR components that have been suggested to be untreatable. Thus, addressing the UPR or noncanonical ER stress components is the most effective approach to suppressing cytoprotective autophagy for better and more effective cancer treatment.
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Cheng D, Dang J, Mi Z, Shi Y, Wang L, Fan H. Unfolded Protein Response-Related Signature Associates With the Immune Microenvironment and Prognostic Prediction in Osteosarcoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:911346. [PMID: 35754801 PMCID: PMC9214238 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor commonly occurring in adolescents with a poor 5-year survival rate. The unfolded protein response (UPR) can alleviate the accumulation of misfolded proteins to maintain homeostasis under endoplasmic reticulum stress. The UPR is linked to the occurrence, progression, and drug resistance of tumors. However, the function of UPR-related genes (UPRRGs) in disease progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma remains unclear. Methods: The mRNA expression profiling and corresponding clinical features of osteosarcoma were acquired from TARGET and GEO databases. Consensus clustering was conducted to confirm different UPRRG subtypes. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognosis and immune status of the different subtypes. Functional analysis of GO, GSEA, and GSVA was used to reveal the molecular mechanism between the subtypes. Finally, four genes (STC2, PREB, TSPYL2, and ATP6V0D1) were screened to construct and validate a risk signature to predict the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Result: We identified two subtypes according to the UPRRG expression patterns. The subgroup with higher immune scores, lower tumor purity, and active immune status was linked to a better prognosis. Meanwhile, functional enrichment revealed that immune-related signaling pathways varied markedly in the two subtypes, suggesting that the UPR might influence the prognosis of osteosarcoma via influencing the immune microenvironment. Moreover, prognostic signature and nomogram models were developed based on UPRRGs, and the results showed that our model has an excellent performance in predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma. qPCR analysis was also conducted to verify the expression levels of the four genes. Conclusion: We revealed the crucial contribution of UPRRGs in the immune microenvironment and prognostic prediction of osteosarcoma patients and provided new insights for targeted therapy and prognostic assessment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Debin Cheng
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Dang
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenzhou Mi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yubo Shi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Division of Musculoskeletal Cancer Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liang Q, Bai Z, Xie T, Lu H, Xiang L, Ma K, Liu T, Guo T, Chen L, Zhao X, Xiao Y. Deciphering the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Qidan Dihuang Decoction in Ameliorating Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy through Experimental Validation In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4137578. [PMID: 36091599 PMCID: PMC9463013 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE QiDan DiHuang decoction (QDD) has been proven to have good efficacy in decreasing albuminuria levels, improving renal function, and inhibiting renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of QDD for treating DN in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Db/db mice were treated with QDD or saline intragastrically for 12 weeks. Non-diabetic db/m mice were used as controls. Rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were cultured in high glucose conditions. ATF4 siRNA was transfected into NRK-52E cells. Different indicators were detected via UPLC, RT-PCR, western blotting, cell viability assays and apoptosis, transmission electron microscopy, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Db/db mice experienced severe kidney damage and fibrosis, increased levels of PERK, eIF2α, and ATF4, and suppression of renal autophagy compared with db/m mice. The results showed a significant improvement in glucose intolerance, blood urea nitrogen, urine albumin, serum creatinine, and renal fibrosis in db/db mice with QDD treatment. Meanwhile, the application of QDD resulted in the downregulation of PERK, eIF2α, and ATF4 and the upregulation of autophagy in diabetic kidneys. In vitro, the exposure of NRK-52E cells to high glucose resulted in downregulation of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and upregulation of P62, a reduction in the number of autophagosomes and upregulation of fibronectin (FN), collagen IV and TGF-β1 protein, which was reversed by QDD treatment through inhibiting ATF4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that QDD effectively alleviates diabetic renal injuries and fibrosis by inhibiting the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway and promoting autophagy in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuer Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liguo Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Y, Cao G, Lan H, Liao H, Hu Y, Feng H, Liu X, Huang P. Chondrocyte-derived Exosomal miR-195 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Anti-Apoptotic by Targeting KIF4A in vitro and in vivo. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101289. [PMID: 34952333 PMCID: PMC8695354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) chemoresistance and distant metastasis are directly associated with OS recurrence and dismal patient prognosis, which are serious concerns for the medical community. However, current knowledge on OS pathogenesis and treatment remains limited. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) acts as a potential OS biomarker. KIF4A promoted OS cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that miR-195 inhibits the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region Hence, targeting KIF4A could be a novel therapeutic strategy for OS and miR-195 may be a potential KIF4A-targeting drug. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that normal human chondrocytes can be used to produce miR-195-carrying exosomes to successfully deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Thus, our results suggest that chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 may be developed into a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug.
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of the bone that occurs in adolescents and is characterized by a young age at onset, high malignancy, high rate of metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, the factors influencing disease progression and prognosis remain unclear. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 in OS. We used normal human chondrocytes to form miR-195-carrying exosomes to deliver miR-195 into OS cells. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed in mice intratumorally injected with exosomal miR-195. We found that kinesin superfamily protein 4A (KIF4A) promoted OS tumor progression and anti-apoptotic. Resules We demonstrated that miR-195 inhibited the expression of KIF4A by directly targeting its 3’-untranslated region. Moreover, we observed that exosomal miR-195 successfully inhibited OS cell tumor growth and antiapoptotic in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate that normal human chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-195 can be internalized by OS cells and inhibit tumor growth and antiapoptotic by targeting KIF4A, providing a new direction for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying OS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Gaolu Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haiying Lan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hua Liao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314500, China.
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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Shu S, Wang H, Zhu J, Liu Z, Yang D, Wu W, Cai J, Chen A, Tang C, Dong Z. Reciprocal regulation between ER stress and autophagy in renal tubular fibrosis and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1016. [PMID: 34716302 PMCID: PMC8556380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been implicated in chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis. However, the relationship and regulatory mechanisms between ER stress and autophagy under this condition remain largely unknown. In this study, we first established a mouse model of ER stress-induced chronic kidney injury by 2 weekly injections of a low dose of tunicamycin (TM), a classical ER stress inducer. This model showed the induction of ER stress, autophagy, fibrosis and apoptosis in kidney tissues. In vitro, TM also induced ER stress, autophagy, fibrosis and apoptosis in HK-2 human kidney proximal tubular cells and BUMPT-306 mouse kidney proximal tubular cells. In these cells, autophagy inhibitor suppressed TM-induced fibrotic changes and apoptosis, suggesting an involvement of autophagy in ER stress-associated chronic kidney injury. PERK inhibitor ameliorated autophagy, fibrotic protein expression and apoptosis in TM-treated cells, indicating a role of the PERK/eIF2α pathway in autophagy activation during ER stress. Similar results were shown in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Interestingly, in both TM- or TGF-β1-treated kidney proximal tubular cells, inhibition of autophagy exaggerated ER stress, suggesting that autophagy induced by ER stress provides a negative feedback mechanism to reduce the stress. Together, these results unveil a reciprocal regulation between ER stress and autophagy in chronic kidney injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Shu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Danyi Yang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Juan Cai
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. .,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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12
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Li Y, Hou H, Zhang P, Zhang Z. Co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel by reduction/pH dual responsive nanocarriers for osteosarcoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1044-1053. [PMID: 32633576 PMCID: PMC7470123 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery system offers a promising platform for combination cancer therapy. However, the inefficient drug release in cells reduces the therapeutic efficacy of cancer nanomedicines. Herein, a PEGylated poly(α-lipoic acid) copolymer (mPEG-PαLA) was prepared and used as a reduction/pH dual responsive nanocarrier to simultaneously deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) for osteosarcoma therapy. The amphiphilic mPEG-PαLA could efficiently encapsulate both PTX and DOX during its self-assembly into micelles in aqueous solution to generate PTX and DOX co-loaded nanoparticles (NP-PTX-DOX). The as-prepared NP-PTX-DOX showed enhanced PTX and DOX release in response to reductive and acidic stimuli. Moreover, the dual-drug loaded nanoparticles were efficiently internalized by K7 osteosarcoma cells and released drugs intracellularly, as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Consequently, NP-PTX-DOX exhibited synergistic therapeutic effects and induced enhanced cell apoptosis in K7 cells. Furthermore, NP-PTX-DOX presented improved biodistribution and higher tumor growth inhibition efficacy compared to the control groups in a murine osteosarcoma model. Altogether, the results of this work indicate that the proposed strategy is promising for osteosarcoma therapy using mPEG-PαLA copolymer as a dual-responsive nanocarrier to co-deliver anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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13
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Kumar V, Maity S. ER Stress-Sensor Proteins and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk-Signaling Beyond (ER) Stress Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33525374 PMCID: PMC7911976 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies undoubtedly show the importance of inter organellar connections to maintain cellular homeostasis. In normal physiological conditions or in the presence of cellular and environmental stress, each organelle responds alone or in coordination to maintain cellular function. The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles with very specialized structural and functional properties. These two organelles are physically connected through very specialized proteins in the region called the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). The molecular foundation of this relationship is complex and involves not only ion homeostasis through the shuttling of calcium but also many structural and apoptotic proteins. IRE1alpha and PERK are known for their canonical function as an ER stress sensor controlling unfolded protein response during ER stress. The presence of these transmembrane proteins at the MAM indicates its potential involvement in other biological functions beyond ER stress signaling. Many recent studies have now focused on the non-canonical function of these sensors. In this review, we will focus on ER mitochondrial interdependence with special emphasis on the non-canonical role of ER stress sensors beyond ER stress.
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14
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Acevo-Rodríguez PS, Maldonado G, Castro-Obregón S, Hernández G. Autophagy Regulation by the Translation Machinery and Its Implications in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:322. [PMID: 32232004 PMCID: PMC7082396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metabolic pathways and molecular processes in the cell act intertwined, and dysregulating the interplay between some of them may lead to cancer. It is only recently that defects in the translation process, i.e., the synthesis of proteins by the ribosome using a messenger (m)RNA as a template and translation factors, have begun to gain strong attention as a cause of autophagy dysregulation with effects in different maladies, including cancer. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that degrades cytoplasmic elements in lysosomes. It maintains cellular homeostasis and preserves cell viability under various stress conditions, which is crucial for all eukaryotic cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances shedding light on the crosstalk between the translation and the autophagy machineries and its impact on tumorigenesis. We also summarize how this interaction is being the target for novel therapies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sarah Acevo-Rodríguez
- PSA-R and SC-O, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Giovanna Maldonado
- Translation and Cancer Laboratory, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, National Institute of Cancer (Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- PSA-R and SC-O, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Greco Hernández
- Translation and Cancer Laboratory, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, National Institute of Cancer (Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Liu C, Yan DY, Wang C, Ma Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Manganese activates autophagy to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via PERK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:328-341. [PMID: 31639278 PMCID: PMC6933331 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic. Our previous research has demonstrated that the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy participates in the early stage of Mn‐mediated neurotoxicity in mouse. However, the mechanisms of ER stress signalling pathways in the initiation of autophagy remain confused. In the current study, we first validated that ER stress–mediated cell apoptosis is accompanied by autophagy in SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, we found that inhibiting ER stress with 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) decreased ER stress–related protein expression and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas blocking autophagy with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) increased cell apoptosis. These data indicate that protective autophagy was activated to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis. Knockdown of the protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) gene inhibited Mn‐induced autophagy and weakened the interaction between ATF4 and the LC3 promoter. Our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which ER stress may regulate autophagy via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway. Additionally, Mn may activate protective autophagy to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Hooper KM, Casanova V, Kemp S, Staines KA, Satsangi J, Barlow PG, Henderson P, Stevens C. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drug Azathioprine Induces Autophagy via mTORC1 and the Unfolded Protein Response Sensor PERK. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1481-1496. [PMID: 30889246 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies have strongly linked autophagy to Crohn's disease (CD), and stimulating autophagy in CD patients may be therapeutically beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) drugs on autophagy and investigate molecular mechanisms of action and functional outcomes in relation to this cellular process. METHODS Autophagy marker LC3 was evaluated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Drug mechanism of action was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array with changes in signaling pathways examined by immunoblot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Clearance of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were evaluated by gentamicin protection assays and RT-qPCR, respectively. The marker LC3 was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from pediatric patients by flow cytometry. RESULTS Azathioprine induces autophagy via mechanisms involving modulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling and stimulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor PERK. Induction of autophagy with azathioprine correlated with the enhanced clearance of AIEC and dampened AIEC-induced increases in TNFα. Azathioprine induced significant increase in autophagosome bound LC3-II in PBMC populations ex vivo, supporting in vitro findings. In patients, the CD-associated ATG16L1 T300A single-nucleotide polymorphism did not attenuate azathioprine induction of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of autophagy via mTORC1 and the UPR may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of azathioprine in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Hooper
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sadie Kemp
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Katherine A Staines
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh Scotland.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, Scotland
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17
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Regulation of PERK expression by FOXO3: a vulnerability of drug-resistant cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:6382-6398. [PMID: 31312024 PMCID: PMC6756075 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The major impediment to effective cancer therapy has been the development of drug resistance. The tumour suppressive transcription factor FOXO3 promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence and cell death, and mediates the cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of cancer therapeutics. In consequence, FOXO3 is often downregulated as an adaptive response in cancer and particularly in chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cells. Consistently, we find that FOXO3 expression is attenuated in the drug-resistant MCF-7-EpiR and MCF-7-TaxR compared to the parental MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using ChIP, short-interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, and overexpression assays as well as Foxo1/3/4-/- MEFs, we establish the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress defence modulator PERK (eIF2AK3) as a direct downstream transcriptional target of FOXO3. In agreement, there is also a positive correlation between FOXO3 and PERK expression at the protein and RNA levels in breast cancer patient samples. We uncover that PERK expression is downregulated but its activity constitutively elevated in the drug-resistant cells. With this in mind, we exploit this adaptive response of low FOXO3 and PERK expression, and high PERK activity in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and show that these drug-resistant cells are specifically sensitive to PERK inhibition. In support of this finding, we show that ectopic overexpression of FOXO3 can reduce the sensitivity of the resistant cells to the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, while the Foxo1/3/4-/- MEFs expressing lower levels of PERK are more sensitive to PERK inhibition compared to wild-type MEFs. PERK inhibitor-titration and -time course experiments showed that the drug-resistant cells, which express lower expression and higher activity levels of PERK, are more sensitive to the increasing concentrations of PERK inhibitor compared to parental MCF-7 cells. Our present work thus reveals a chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cancer cell vulnerability in PERK and suggests PERK as a potential target for cancer therapy, specifically in the context of drug-resistant cancers.
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18
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Yarapureddy S, Abril J, Foote J, Kumar S, Asad O, Sharath V, Faraj J, Daniel D, Dickman P, White-Collins A, Hingorani P, Sertil AR. ATF6α Activation Enhances Survival against Chemotherapy and Serves as a Prognostic Indicator in Osteosarcoma. Neoplasia 2019; 21:516-532. [PMID: 31029032 PMCID: PMC6484364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic or relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma (OS) have a 5-year survival rate of <30%. This has remained unchanged over several decades. One of the factors contributing to lack of improvement in survival is the development of chemoresistance. Hence, elucidating and targeting the mechanisms that promote survival against chemotherapy and lead to chemoresistance is pivotal to improving outcomes for these patients. We identified that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-activated transcription factor, ATF6α, is essential for the survival of OS cells against chemotherapy induced cell death. ATF6α cleavage and activity were enhanced in OS cells compared to normal osteoblasts and knockdown of ATF6α expression enhanced sensitivity of OS cells against chemotherapy induced cell death. This was in part due to increased Bax activation. Pharmacologic inhibition or knock-down of downstream targets of ATF6α, protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and ERO1β, a thiol oxidase that is involved in the re-oxidation of PDIs also independently induced pronounced killing of OS cells following chemotherapy. Analysis of primary tumors from OS patients reveals that patients with high levels of nuclear ATF6α: (1) also had increased expression of its downstream targets the chaperone BiP and enzyme PDI, (2) had a significant likelihood of developing metastasis at diagnosis, (3) had significantly poorer overall and progression free survival, and (4) had poorer response to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that targeting survival signaling by the ATF6α pathway in OS cells may favor eradication of refractory OS tumor cells and ATF6α could be a useful predictor for chemo-responsiveness and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Yarapureddy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jazmine Abril
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Janet Foote
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Saravana Kumar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Omar Asad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Veena Sharath
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Janine Faraj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dustin Daniel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Paul Dickman
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Andrea White-Collins
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Aparna R Sertil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ.
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19
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Hooper KM, Barlow PG, Henderson P, Stevens C. Interactions Between Autophagy and the Unfolded Protein Response: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:661-671. [PMID: 30590697 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors resulting in abnormal immune responses to intestinal microbiota. Genetic studies have strongly linked genes involved in autophagy to CD, and genes involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) to IBD. The UPR is triggered in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and autophagy plays a key role in relieving ER stress and restoring homeostasis. This review summarizes the known interactions between autophagy and the UPR and discusses the impact of these converging pathways on IBD pathogenesis. With a paucity of effective long-term treatments for IBD, targeting of synergistic pathways may provide novel and more effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Hooper
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Wang MG, Fan RF, Li WH, Zhang D, Yang DB, Wang ZY, Wang L. Activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis triggered by excessive ER stress contributes to lead-induced nephrotoxicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:713-726. [PMID: 30528975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a known nephrotoxicant that causes damage to proximal tubular cells. PERK pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, but its role in Pb-induced nephrotoxicity remains largely unknown. In this study, data showed that Pb could induce ER stress as shown by increased phosphorylation of PERK with subsequent activation of the eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis in primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells, indicating the activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway due to excessive ER stress. Pb-activated PERK pathway can be effectively inhibited by 4-phenylbutyric acid and PERK gene silencing, respectively; whereas continuously up-regulated by tunicamycin (TM) treatment. Moreover, Pb-induced apoptosis and inhibition of autophagic flux in rPT cells were significantly augmented and aggravated by co-treatment with TM, respectively. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the PERK pathway results in alleviation of apoptosis and restoration of autophagy inhibition in Pb-exposed rPT cells. Mechanistically, activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis triggered by excessive ER stress in rPT cells leads to Pb-induced apoptosis and blockage of autophagic flux, resulting in nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ge Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province 250022, China
| | - Du-Bao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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21
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Aydin Y, Stephens CM, Chava S, Heidari Z, Panigrahi R, Williams DD, Wiltz K, Bell A, Wilson W, Reiss K, Dash S. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Promotes Beclin1 Degradation in Persistently Infected Hepatitis C Virus Cell Culture. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2339-2355. [PMID: 30075149 PMCID: PMC6168955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms that contribute to HCC development in the cirrhotic microenvironment are unknown. We found that HCC grown in the highly stressed cirrhotic microenvironment undergoes autophagy switching from a protective state characterized by high macroautophagy with low chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) to an HCC-promoting state characterized by low macroautophagy with high CMA. This study examined how the stress response executes oncogenic cell programming through autophagy switching using hepatitis C virus cell culture. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase expression increased to high levels in hepatitis C virus culture. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-dependent activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) led to increased transcription of the cytoprotective genes: heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) and precipitated the induction of CMA. CMA selectively targeted beclin1 degradation, leading to accumulation of the autophagy flux protein p62 due to impaired autophagosome-endosome fusion. This impaired autophagosome-endosome fusion due to beclin1 degradation inhibited endocytosis and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Silencing Nrf2 and LAMP2A reduced cell viability, suggesting that the stress response activates CMA as a compensatory mechanism of cell survival. We report a novel mechanism through which stress response triggers oncogenic Nrf2 signaling that promotes autophagy switching to favor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Christopher M Stephens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Srinivas Chava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donkita D Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kylar Wiltz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Antoinette Bell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wallace Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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22
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Wirries A, Jabari S, Jansen EP, Roth S, Figueroa-Juárez E, Wissniowski TT, Neureiter D, Klieser E, Lechler P, Ruchholtz S, Bartsch DK, Boese CK, Di Fazio P. Panobinostat mediated cell death: a novel therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32997-33010. [PMID: 30250645 PMCID: PMC6152475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive cancer with a poor long term prognosis. Neo-adjuvant poly-chemotherapy followed by surgical resection remains the standard treatment, which is restricted by multi-drug resistance. If first-line therapy fails, disease control and patient survival rate drop dramatically. We aimed to identify alternative apoptotic mechanisms induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat in osteosarcoma cells. Saos-2, MG63 and U2-OS osteosarcoma cell lines, the immortalized human osteoblast line hFOB and the mouse embryo osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were treated with panobinostat. Real time viability and FACS confirmed the cytotoxicity of panobinostat. Cell stress/death related factors were analysed by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell morphology was assessed by electron microscopy. 10 nM panobinostat caused cell viability arrest and death in all osteosarcoma and osteoblast cells. P21 up-regulation was observed in osteosarcoma cells, while over-expression of p73 was restricted to Saos-2 (TP53-/-). Survivin and Bcl-2 were suppressed by panobinostat. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers BiP, CHOP, ATF4 and ATF6 were induced in osteosarcoma cells. The un-spliced Xbp was no further detectable after treatment. Autophagy players Beclin1, Map1LC3B and UVRAG transcripts over-expressed after 6 hours. Protein levels of Beclin1, Map1LC3B and p62 were up-regulated at 72 hours. DRAM1 was stable. Electron micrographs revealed the fragmentation and the disappearance of the ER and the statistically significant increase of autophagosome vesiculation after treatment. Panobinostat showed a synergistic suppression of survival and promotion of cell death in osteosarcoma cells. Panobinostat offers new perspectives for the treatment of osteosarcoma and other malignant bone tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Wirries
- 1 Center of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
- 8 Orthopaedic Clinics, Hessing Foundation, 86199 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- 2 Institute of Anatomy I, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther P. Jansen
- 1 Center of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Roth
- 3 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- 3 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thaddeus T. Wissniowski
- 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- 5 Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- 6 Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- 5 Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- 6 Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philipp Lechler
- 1 Center of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Ruchholtz
- 1 Center of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K. Bartsch
- 3 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph K. Boese
- 7 Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- 3 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany
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23
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Tang D, Yao R, Zhao D, Zhou L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Sun Y, Lu L, Gao W. Trichostatin A reverses the chemoresistance of lung cancer with high IGFBP2 expression through enhancing autophagy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3917. [PMID: 29500455 PMCID: PMC5834489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we analyzed insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) expression in 81 lung cancer patients and 36 controls consisting of healthy and benign pulmonary lesion participants for comparison, then validated the IGFBP2 expression in additional 84 lung cancer patients, and evaluated the prognostic and chemoresistant significance of IGFBP2 in two cohorts respectively. Next we detected the reversal effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on chemoresistance in cell lines with high IGFBP2 expression. As a result, the mean expression of IGFBP2 in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that in controls and increased with lung cancer progressed to advanced stage. In addition, high IGFBP2 expression was independently predictive for chemoresistance; over-expressed IGFBP2 enhances cell activity and TSA can reverse the chemoresistance induced by high IGFBP2 expression through enhancing autophagy. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that lung cancer patients whose blood IGFBP2 was higher had a poor survival outcome, with a hazard ratio of 8.22 (95%CI 1.78–37.92, P = 0.007) after adjustment for stage, histopathology, EGFR mutation, age, smoking and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, HuaDong Hospital Affiliated with FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, HuaDong Hospital Affiliated with FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Central Laboratory of Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, HuaDong Hospital Affiliated with FuDan University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Induction of ER and mitochondrial stress by the alkylphosphocholine erufosine in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:296. [PMID: 29463797 PMCID: PMC5833417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in cell function and survival. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in ER stress and subsequent apoptosis. The alkylphosphocholine erufosine is a known Akt-mTOR inhibitor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, we evaluate erufosine’s role to induce ER and mitochondrial stress leading to autophagy, apoptosis, and ROS induction. The cellular toxicity of erufosine was determined in two OSCC cell lines and gene expression and enrichment analyses were performed. A positive enrichment of ER stress upon erufosine exposure was observed, which was verified at protein levels for the ER stress sensors and their downstream mediators. Knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of the ER stress sensors PERK and XBP1 revealed their involvement into erufosine’s cellular effects, including proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Autophagy was confirmed by increased acidic vacuoles and LC3-B levels. Upon erufosine exposure, calcium influx into the cytoplasm of the two OSCC cell lines was seen. Apoptosis was confirmed by nuclear staining, Annexin-V, and immunoblotting of caspases. The induction of mitochondrial stress upon erufosine exposure was predicted by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and shown by erufosine’s effect on mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP, and ROS production in OSCC cells. These data show that ER and mitochondrial targeting by erufosine represents a new facet of its mechanism of action as well as a promising new framework in the treatment of head and neck cancers.
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25
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Yu XS, Du J, Fan YJ, Liu FJ, Cao LL, Liang N, Xu DG, Zhang JD. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes autophagy and apoptosis and reverses chemoresistance of human small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76827-76839. [PMID: 27765907 PMCID: PMC5363552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on autophagy, apoptosis and chemoresistance of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. RESULTS The expressions of ERS-related proteins (PEAK, eIF2α and CHOP) up-regulated, autophagy-related proteins (LC3, LC3-II and Beclin1) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and procaspase-3) down-regulated in NCI-H446 and H69 cells after tunicamycin treatment for 24 h. Compared with the blank group, the tunicamycin, BEZ235 and tunicamycin + BEZ235 groups exhibited decreased expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR, and increased expressions of autophagy-related proteins (LC3, LC3-II and Beclin1) and apoptosis proteins (Bax and procaspase-3), and the most obvious changes were observed in the tunicamycin + BEZ235 group. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK-8 assay was applied to select the best cell line from five SCLC cell lines (NCI-H446, H69, H526, H146 and H209). Finally, NCI-H446 and H69 cells were selected for further experiments. NCI-H446/CDDP and H69/CDDP were selected and divided into the blank group, tunicamycin (an ESR inducer) group, BEZ235 (inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway) group and tunicamycin + BEZ235 group. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Autophagy was observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of ERS-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the activation of ERS could promote autophagy and apoptosis and reverse chemoresistance of human SCLC cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Shuang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China.,Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Fan
- Medical Management Service Center of Shandong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Cao
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - De-Guo Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
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26
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Wang J, Huang S, Tian R, Chen J, Gao H, Xie C, Shan Y, Zhang Z, Gu S, Xu M. The protective autophagy activated by GANT-61 in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cells is mediated by PERK. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14413-14427. [PMID: 29581853 PMCID: PMC5865679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene MYC can trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), one of three primary branches of the UPR, is a key regulator of autophagy, promoting tumorigenesis. Upon activation of PERK, there is an increase in phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF2α), which in turn, activates the transcription factor-4 (ATF4), responsible for an increased expression of LC3, a common autophagy marker. PERK is repressed upon GLI1 and GLI2 induction. GANT-61 is an inhibitor of GLI1 and GLI2, known to reduce autophagy in MYCN non-amplified, but not in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma (NB) cells. In our study, we tested the effect of the joint administration of a PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) and the GLI inhibitor GANT-61 to MYCN amplified and MYCN non-amplified NB cells. Our results suggest that inhibition of PERK impairs GANT-61 induced autophagy in NB cells with MYCN amplification, but had no effect on the MYCN non-amplified NB cells. In summary, PERK seems to be a good therapeutic target for NB. Inhibition of PERK reduces autophagy in MYCN amplified NB cells, thus amplifying the efficacy of the GLI inhibitor GANT-61 in reducing proliferation of this type of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruicheng Tian
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenjie Xie
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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27
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Zhang T, Li D, Wan L, Chen X, Wang X, Zhong B, Wu Z, Mao H, Hu C. Ctenopharyngodon idella PERK (EIF2AK3) decreases cell viability by phosphorylating eIF2α under ER stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:568-574. [PMID: 28935601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an upstream kinase of eIF2α, protein kinase RNA-like ER (endoplasmic reticulum) kinase (PERK) is a type I transmembrane protein located in ER in eukaryotic cells. PERK is mainly composed of two domains, the intracavitary domain for BIP protein combination and the dissociative C-terminal region containing a typical serine/threonine kinase domain which promotes the phosphorylation of eIF2α. In this study, we cloned a PERK (also known as EIF2AK3) gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length cDNA of grass carp PERK (CiPERK) is 5192 bp including a 176 bp of 5' untranslated region, a 1719 bp of 3' untranslated region and a 3297 bp of the longest open reading frame (ORF) encoding 1098 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis exhibits that CiPERK shares a high degree of sequence homology to the counterparts in other teleosts. RT-PCR indicated that CiPERK expression was significantly up-regulated following the stimulation with TM (tunicamycin). To study the function of CiPERK, the N-terminal sequence of CiPERK and CiGRP78 sequence were separately subcloned into the expression vectors pCMV-HA and pCMV-Flag for co-immunoprecipitation and GST-Pulldown assays. The assays indicated that CiPERK and CiGRP78 can combine with each other in normal conditions. However, under ER stress (TM stimulation) CiPERK can improve the eIF2α phosphorylation level. In addition, CCK assay showed the overexpression of CiPERK in CIK cells decreases the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiangqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Ministry of Education, China.
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28
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Yue X, Zuo Y, Ke H, Luo J, Lou L, Qin W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen D, Sun H, Zheng W, Zhu C, Wang R, Wen G, Du J, Zhou B, Bu X. Identification of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as novel proteasome inhibitors for potential anticancer agents targeting 19S regulatory particle associated deubiquitinase. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 137:29-50. [PMID: 28476333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proteasomal 19S regulatory particle (RP) associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) have attracted much attention owing to their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Identification of new entities against 19S RP associated DUBs and illustration of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for discovery of novel proteasome blockers. In this study, a series of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues were identified as potent proteasome inhibitor by preferentially blocking deubiquitinase function of proteasomal 19S RP with moderate 20S CP inhibition. The most active compound 33 exhibited a major inhibitory effect on 19S RP-associated ubiquitin-specific proteases 14, along with a minor effect on ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 5, which resulted in dysfunction of proteasome, and subsequently accumulated ubiquitinated proteins (such as IκB) in several cancer cells. Remarkably, though both 19S RP and 20S CP inhibition induced significantly endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggered caspase-12/9 pathway activation to promote cancer cell apoptosis, the 19S RP inhibition by 33 avoided slow onset time, Bcl-2 overexpression, and PERK-phosphorylation, which contribute to the deficiencies of clinical drug Bortezomib. These systematic studies provided insights in the development of novel proteasome inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- (1E,6E)-4-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,7-bis(345-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (33: PubChem CID:123132175)
- (1E,6E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (34: PubChemCID:123132176)
- 19S regulatory particle
- 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde (PubChem CID:6858)
- Acetylacetone (PubChem CID: 31261)
- Anticancer
- Bortezomib (PubChem CID: 387447)
- Curcumin (PubChem CID: 969516)
- Curcumin analogues
- Deubiquitinase
- Proteasome
- n-Butylamine (PubChem CID: 8007)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinglin Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Hongpeng Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youqiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daoyuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haixia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weichao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuige Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gesi Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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29
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Sun X, Wei Q, Cheng J, Bian Y, Tian C, Hu Y, Li H. Enhanced Stim1 expression is associated with acquired chemo-resistance of cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells. Hum Cell 2017; 30:216-225. [PMID: 28326487 PMCID: PMC5486860 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Although cisplatin is the primary chemotherapy used in osteosarcoma treatment, the cisplatin resistance remains a big challenge for improving overall survival. The store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry (SOCE) and its major mediator Stim1 have been shown to be implicated in a number of pathological processes typical for cancer. In this study, we showed that Stim1 expression was significantly increased in chemo-resistant osteosarcoma tissues compared with chemo-sensitivity tissues. Patients with Sitm1 expression exhibited poorer overall survival than Stim1-negative patients. Moreover, un-regulation of Stim1 expression and SOCE were also observed in cisplatin-resistant MG63/CDDP cells compared with their parental cells. Cisplatin treatment obviously reduced Stim1 expression and SOCE in cisplatin-sensitivity MG63 cells, but had no effects on MG63/CDDP cells. In addition, cisplatin resulted in a more pronounced increase of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in MG63 cells than in their resistant variants, which was evidenced by the activation of molecular markers of ER stress, GRP78, CHOP and ATF4. Knockdown of Stim1 using siRNA remarkably enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and ER stress in MG63/CDDP cells, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to cisplatin. On the other hand, overexpression of Stim1 markedly reversed apoptosis and ER stress following cisplatin treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Stim1 as well as Ca2+ entry contributes cisplatin resistance via inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis, and provide important clues to the mechanisms involved in cisplatin resistance for osteosarcoma treatment. Stim1 represents as a target of cisplatin and blockade of Stim1-mediated Ca2+ entry may be a useful strategy to improve the efficacy of cisplatin to treat osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhu Bian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Congna Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Zhang D, Zhao Q, Sun H, Yin L, Wu J, Xu J, He T, Yang C, Liang C. Defective autophagy leads to the suppression of stem-like features of CD271 + osteosarcoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:82. [PMID: 27863492 PMCID: PMC5116184 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important stress-response mechanism, autophagy plays crucial role in the tumor formation and drug resistance of cancer cells including osteosarcoma (OS). OS cancer stem cells (CSCs) also are considered a key factor of tumorigenesis, drug resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the relationship between autophagy and OS CSCs still remains unclear. Methods CD271+ OS CSCs and CD271- OS cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting. The autophagy level was evaluated by the mRNA expression of autophagy genes, the protein level of LC3II and p62, and the mean number of GFP-LC3 dot per cell. Lentivirus-delivered specific shRNA was utilized to inhibit the corresponding gene expression. The cell viability was examined with CCK8 assay. The cell proliferation level was detected with BrdU staining assay. Cell death was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining of fluorescence activated cell sorting, lactate dehydrogenase release and caspase-3 activity. Tumorigenicity ability was evaluated by colony and sphere formation assay, the protein expression of stemness markers and tumor formation in nude mice. Results Our data indicated that CD271+ OS CSCs had a similar basic autophagy level with CD271- OS cells. Autophagy deficiency had no observable effects on the levels of cell proliferation and death both in CD271+ and CD271- OS cells under normal condition. However, CD271+ OS cells showed a higher autophagy activity than CD271- OS cells under hypoxia and low nutrient (LH) condition. Moreover, autophagy-deficient CD271+ OS cells lost the advantage of tolerance to LH condition compared to CD271- OS cells. Meanwhile, autophagy deficiency enhanced the sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in the CD271+ cells to the comparable level in the CD271- cells. More importantly, deficient-autophagy decreased the protein expression of stemness markers and caused the disappearance of the superiority in tumorigenicity in vitro and vivo in CD271+ OS cells. Conclusion The results above demonstrated that autophagy contributes to the stem-like features of CD271+ OS CSCs. Inhibition of autophagy is a promising strategy in the CSCs-targeting OS therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0297-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang He
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li J, Yang Z, Li Y, Xia J, Li D, Li H, Ren M, Liao Y, Yu S, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Cell apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis in osteosarcoma treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44763-44778. [PMID: 27007056 PMCID: PMC5190133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Although combined therapy including surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy have resulted in great improvements in the overall survival of patients, chemoresistance remains an obstacle for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Molecular targets or effective agents that are actively involved in cell death including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis have been studied. We summarized how these agents (novel compounds, miRNAs, or proteins) regulate apoptotic, autophagic and necroptotic pathways; and discussed the current knowledge on the role of these new agents in chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingyan Ren
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shunling Yu
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanjin Chen
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wang DW, Wu L, Cao Y, Yang L, Liu W, E XQ, Ji G, Bi ZG. A novel mechanism of mTORC1-mediated serine/glycine metabolism in osteosarcoma development. Cell Signal 2016; 29:107-114. [PMID: 27297361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the major malignant primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, which is highly aggressive with frequent acquisition of chemoresistance phenotypes. Although much progress has been made, mechanisms of osteosarcoma rapid growth and chemoresistance are still not well elucidated. Generally, alternated metabolic characterization has been proposed to be a hallmark of cancer, yet it is lack of a systematic characterization of cancer metabolic networks. In the present study, we aim to characterize osteosarcoma metabolism and key regulators to reveal mechanisms of how osteosarcoma grows and resists apoptosis under stress conditions. The results demonstrate that mTORC1 pathway is hyperactivated in clinical osteosarcoma samples. However, inhibition of mTORC1 may not be enough to induce significant death of osteosarcoma cells. Results of GC-TOFMS suggested that inhibition of mTORC1 reduce one-carbon amino acids, serine and glycine, in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, mTORC1 regulates serine/glycine de novo synthesis via modulating glycolysis and serine/glycine synthesis gene expressions. Further, mTORC1/serine/glycine metabolic axis promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and antioxidant ability to environmental stress, which finally leads to cell survival. Our results identify a novel mechanism of mTORC1-mediated serine/glycine metabolism as a significant protective system in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang E
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangrong Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
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