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Yu B, Wang Q, Zhang L, Lin J, Feng Z, Wang Z, Gu L, Tian X, Luan S, Li C, Zhao G. Ebselen improves fungal keratitis through exerting anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and antifungal effects. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103206. [PMID: 38796864 PMCID: PMC11152752 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a severely vision-threatening corneal infection, where the prognosis depends on both fungal virulence and host immune defense. Inappropriate host responses can induce substantial inflammatory damage to the cornea. Therefore, in the treatment of fungal keratitis, it is important to concurrently regulate the immune response while efforts are made to eliminate the pathogen. Ebselen is a widely studied organo-selenium compound and has been demonstrated to have antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress-regulatory properties. The effectiveness of ebselen for the treatment of fungal keratitis remains unknown. In this study, ebselen was demonstrated to produce a marked inhibitory effect on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), including spore germination inhibition, mycelial growth reduction, and fungal biofilm disruption. The antifungal activity of ebselen was related to the cell membrane damage caused by thioredoxin (Trx) system inhibition-mediated oxidative stress. On the contrary, ebselen enhanced the antioxidation of Trx system in mammalian cells. Further, ebselen was proven to suppress the expressions of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and CCL2) and reduce the production of oxidative stress-associated indicators (ROS, NO, and MDA) in fungi-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ebselen regulated PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which contributed to the improvement of inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we verified the therapeutic effect of ebselen on mouse fungal keratitis. Ebselen improved the prognosis and reduced the fungal burden in mouse corneas. Expressions of inflammatory mediators, as well as the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the cornea were also obviously decreased by ebselen. In summary, ebselen exerted therapeutic effects by reducing fungal load and protecting host tissues in fungal keratitis, making it a promising treatment for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Zhuhui Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Songying Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
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Zheng W, Ma L, Luo X, Xu R, Cao Z, He Y, Chang Y, You Y, Chen T, Liu H. Ultrasound-triggered functional hydrogel promotes multistage bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122650. [PMID: 38889598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunction of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), caused by the physical and chemical properties of the inflammatory and repair phases of bone regeneration, contributes to the failure of bone regeneration. To meet the spatiotemporal needs of BMSCs in different phases, designing biocompatible materials that respond to external stimuli, improve migration in the inflammatory phase, reduce apoptosis in the proliferative phase, and clear the hurdle in the differentiation phase of BMSCs is an effective strategy for multistage repair of bone defects. In this study, we designed a cascade-response functional composite hydrogel (Gel@Eb/HA) to regulate BMSCs dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Gel@Eb/HA improved the migration of BMSCs by upregulating the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) during the inflammatory phase. Ultrasound (US) triggered the rapid release of Ebselen (Eb), eliminating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BMSCs, and reversing apoptosis under oxidative stress. Continued US treatment accelerated the degradation of the materials, thereby providing Ca2+ for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Altogether, our study highlights the prospects of US-controlled intelligent system, that provides a novel strategy for addressing the complexities of multistage bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xueshi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Renhao Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zhiying Cao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yanni He
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yanzhou Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
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Londzin P, Cegieła U, Trawczyński M, Czuba ZP, Folwarczna J. Unfavorable effects of memantine on the skeletal system in female rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114921. [PMID: 37229803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). NMDA receptors are expressed on bone cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of memantine on the rat musculoskeletal system. Taking into account that most of female AD patients are postmenopausal, the study was carried out on intact and ovariectomized (estrogen-deficient) rats. Mature Wistar rats were divided into following groups: non-ovariectomized (NOVX) control rats, NOVX rats treated with memantine, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats, and OVX rats treated with memantine. Memantine (2 mg/kg p.o.) was administered once daily for four weeks, starting one week after ovariectomy. The serum bone turnover marker and cytokine levels, bone density, mass, mineralization, mechanical properties, histomorphometric parameters of compact and cancellous bone, skeletal muscle mass and grip strength were determined. In NOVX rats, memantine slightly decreased the strength of compact bone of the femoral diaphysis (parameters in the yield point) and unfavorably affected histomorphometric parameters of cancellous bone (the femoral epiphysis and metaphysis). In OVX rats, in which estrogen deficiency induced osteoporotic changes, memantine increased the phosphorus content in the femoral bone mineral. No other effects on bone were observed in the memantine-treated OVX rats. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated slight damaging skeletal effects of memantine in rats with normal estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Londzin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Urszula Cegieła
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Marcin Trawczyński
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Zenon P Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Huang Z, Chen G, Wu H, Huang X, Xu R, Deng F, Li Y. Ebselen restores peri-implantitis-induced osteogenic inhibition via suppressing BMSCs ferroptosis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113612. [PMID: 37116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
It is hard to reconstruct bone defects in peri-implantitis due to osteogenesis inhibited by excessive ROS. Ferroptosis, a recently identified regulated cell death characterized by iron- and reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) dependent lipid peroxidation, provides us with a new explanation. Our study aims to explore whether ferroptosis is involved in peri-implantitis-inhibited osteogenesis and confirm ebselen, an antioxidant with glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity, could inhibit ferroptosis and promote osteogenesis in peri-implantitis. In this study, we used LPS to mimic the microenvironment of peri-implantitis. The osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S, and mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic-related markers. Ferroptosis index analysis included iron metabolism, ROS production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial morphological changes. Iron overload, reduced antioxidant capability, excessive ROS, lipid peroxidation and the characteristic mitochondrial morphological changes of ferroptosis were observed in LPS-treated BMSCs, and adding Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) restored the inhibitory effect of ferroptosis on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, ebselen ameliorated LPS-induced ferroptosis and osteogenic inhibition, which was reversed by erastin. Our results demonstrated that ferroptosis is involved in osteogenic inhibition in peri-implantitis and ebselen could attenuate osteogenic dysfunction of BMSCs via inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hiokuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruogu Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Bott KN, Feldman E, de Souza RJ, Comelli EM, Klentrou P, Peters SJ, Ward WE. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss in Rodent Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:198-213. [PMID: 36401814 PMCID: PMC10107812 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis has traditionally been characterized by underlying endocrine mechanisms, though evidence indicates a role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria that reside in the intestines, can be released into circulation and stimulate the immune system, upregulating bone resorption. Exogenous LPS is used in rodent models to study the effect of systemic inflammation on bone, and to date a variety of different doses, routes, and durations of LPS administration have been used. The study objective was to determine whether systemic administration of LPS induced inflammatory bone loss in rodent models. A systematic search of Medline and four other databases resulted in a total of 110 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects meta-analyses were used for bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Shorter-term (<2 weeks) and longer-term (>2 weeks) LPS interventions were analyzed separately because of intractable study design differences. BV/TV was significantly reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.79%, 95% CI [-4.20, -3.38], I2 62%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -1.50%, 95% CI [-2.00, -1.00], I2 78%; p < 0.01) studies. vBMD was also reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.11%, 95% CI [-3.78, -2.44]; I2 72%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -3.49%, 95% CI [-4.94, -2.04], I2 82%; p < 0.01) studies. In both groups, regardless of duration, LPS negatively impacted trabecular bone structure but not cortical bone structure, and an upregulation in bone resorption demonstrated by bone cell staining and serum biomarkers was reported. This suggests systemically delivered exogenous LPS in rodents is a viable model for studying inflammatory bone loss, particularly in trabecular bone. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn Feldman
- Lakehead University Library, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Jiang T, Gu H, Wei J. Echinacoside Inhibits Osteoclast Function by Down-Regulating PI3K/Akt/C-Fos to Alleviate Osteolysis Caused by Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930053. [PMID: 35814196 PMCID: PMC9263215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected osteolysis as a common secondary osteoporosis is associated with excessive osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have been demonstrated an effective approach in the treatment of osteolytic diseases. Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside with multiple biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteoblast differentiation promotion. However, the effects of ECH on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption function remain unknown. In vitro, we investigated the effects of ECH on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption induced by RANKL and its potential mechanisms. In vivo, we established a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rat model and demonstrated the changes of infected osteolysis and osteoclasts activities in surgical sites. ECH (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally after debridement for 4 weeks. Radiological evaluation and bone histomorphometric analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of ECH. The results showed that ECH inhibited osteoclast differentiation, F-actin belts formation, bone resorption function and osteoclast-specific gene expression by preventing NFATc1 translocation, down-regulating its expression and affecting the PI3K/Akt/c-Fos pathway in vitro. ECH also alleviated in vivo PJI-induced osteolysis and maintained bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Our study indicated that ECH attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and PJI-induced bone loss and was shown as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for osteoclast-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wei,
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Ferroptosis - A new target of osteoporosis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bao W, Xue Y, Cheng X, Wang P, Yin B, Su Y, Jia C. Gout-associated uric acid crystals induce tophi ulcerations and impair wound healing in a novel gouty ulcer model. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 30:132-139. [PMID: 34665905 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a novel gouty ulcer rat model induced by monosodium urate (MSU) deposition and preliminarily explored how MSU crystals affected wound healing. MSU crystals were subcutaneously injected into the back of rats to simulate tophi formation and ulceration. Ultrasound was used to detect the formation of gouty tophi. MSU crystal deposition and histopathological changes were analysed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. After the skin over the tophi became broken in the model group, a full-thickness tissue defect of the same area was made on the backs of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and the expression of inflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. After the first subcutaneous injection in rats, local tissues showed redness and swelling, indicating inflammation on approximately Day 14. Tophi-like manifestations appeared on approximately Day 18. Tophi appeared heterogeneously hyperechoic by ultrasound. Swelling and redness in injured tissue areas increased on approximately Day 22, skin tissue necrosis was seen in a small area on approximately Day 26, and skin necrosis was enlarged and the tophi were ulcerated on approximately Day 32, accompanied by yellowish-white, chalky secretions. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed dermal deposition of needle-like crystals with surrounding granulomatous inflammation. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, immunohistochemical staining showed the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of inflammation-related proteins (IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3) were upregulated in gouty ulcers compared with those of PBS controls. The gouty ulcers were not completely healed by Day 14 compared with those in the PBS controls. In this study, a novel gouty ulcer rat model was constructed, which also revealed the existence of persistent chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Bao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Xue
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xialin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Yin
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM, Abdel Maksoud MIA, Abd Elkodous M, Kawamura G, Matsuda A, Ashour AH, El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS. Influence of Ce 3+ Substitution on Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of ZnCe xFe 2-xO 4 Nanoparticles (X = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) Conjugated with Ebselen and Its Role Subsidised with γ-Radiation in Mitigating Human TNBC and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Proliferation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10171. [PMID: 34576334 PMCID: PMC8466506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a major challenge to health worldwide. Spinel ferrites have attracted attention due to their broad theranostic applications. This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities of ebselen (Eb) and cerium-nanoparticles (Ce-NPs) in the form of ZnCexFe2-XO4 on human breast and colon cancer cell lines. Bioassays of the cytotoxic concentrations of Eb and ZnCexFe2-XO4, oxidative stress and inflammatory milieu, autophagy, apoptosis, related signalling effectors, the distribution of cells through the cell-cycle phases, and the percentage of cells with apoptosis were evaluated in cancer cell lines. Additionally, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential have been investigated against different pathogenic microbes. The ZOI, and MIC results indicated that ZnCexFe2-XO4; X = 0.06 specimen reduced the activity of a wide range of bacteria and unicellular fungi at low concentration including P. aeruginosa (9.5 mm; 6.250 µg/mL), S. aureus (13.2 mm; 0.390 µg/mL), and Candida albicans (13.5 mm; 0.195 µg/mL). Reaction mechanism determination indicated that after ZnCexFe2-xO4; X = 0.06 treatment, morphological differences in S.aureus were apparent with complete lysis of bacterial cells, a concomitant decrease in the viable number, and the growth of biofilm was inhibited. The combination of Eb with ZFO or ZnCexFe2-XO4 with γ-radiation exposure showed marked anti-proliferative efficacy in both cell lines, through modulating the oxidant/antioxidant machinery imbalance, restoring the fine-tuning of redox status, and promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu to prevent cancer progression, which may be a valuable therapeutic approach to cancer therapy and as a promising antimicrobial agent to reduce the pathogenic potential of the invading microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Noura M. Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud
- Materials Science Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; (M.I.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.)
| | - M. Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Aichi, Japan; (M.A.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Go Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Aichi, Japan; (M.A.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Aichi, Japan; (M.A.E.); (G.K.)
| | - A. H. Ashour
- Materials Science Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; (M.I.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Ahmed I. El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; (A.I.E.-B.); (G.S.E.-S.)
| | - Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; (A.I.E.-B.); (G.S.E.-S.)
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Abstract
Abstract
Ebselen is a well-known synthetic compound mimicking glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which catalyses some vital reactions that protect against oxidative damage. Based on a large number of in vivo and in vitro studies, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain its actions on multiple targets. It targets thiol-related compounds, including cysteine, glutathione, and thiol proteins (e.g., thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase). Owing to this, ebselen is a unique multifunctional agent with important effects on inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, immune regulation and neurodegenerative disease, with anti-microbial, detoxifying and anti-tumour activity. This review summarises the current understanding of the multiple biological processes and molecules targeted by ebselen, and its pharmacological applications.
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Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-1226. [PMID: 33792762 PMCID: PMC8012418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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Abstract
Ebselen is a synthetic organoselenium radical scavenger compound that possesses glutathione peroxidase-like activity and its own unique bioactivity by reacting with thiols, hydroperoxides and peroxynitrites. Owing to its high affinity toward several essential reactions, ebselen protects cellular components from oxidative and free radical damage, and it has been employed as a useful tool for studying redox-related mechanisms. Based on numerous in vitro and in vivo research, mechanisms are proposed to understand the biomedical and molecular actions of ebselen in health and disease, and it is currently under clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of various human disorders. Based on these outstanding discoveries, this review summarizes the current understanding of the biochemical and molecular characteristics, pharmacological applications and future directions of ebselen.
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Kose A, Kose D, Halici Z, Aydin A, Ezirmik N, Karsan O, Toktay E. Is Ebselen A Therapeutic Target in Fracture Healing? Eurasian J Med 2020; 52:171-175. [PMID: 32612426 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.18443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the effect of ebselen on fracture healing in an experimental fracture model. Materials and Methods We divided rats into two groups, 6 rats in each: the experimental femur fracture control group and the ebselen treatment group with an experimental femur fracture. In the experimental femur fracture control group, we created only experimental femur fracture. In the ebselen treatment group, we administered ebselen treatment with creating an experimental femur fracture. We administered ebselen intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg once daily for 1 month after the 1st day of experimental femur fracture in the ebselen treatment group. We evaluated the recovery status of fractured femurs at the end of 1st month with radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Results According to the radiographic fracture healing scores, ebselen treatment increased the extent of new bone formation and fracture cartilage callus significantly compared to the control group. According to the histopathological recovery scores, ebselen treatment significantly improved healing scores compared to the control group. Ebselen treatment increased the expression scores of bone healing markers in the ebselen treatment group, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and osteocalcin, compared to the control group. Conclusion We demonstrated that ebselen treatment increases the formation of new bone in the femur in an experimentally created femoral fracture model. Ebselen has been shown to improve the bone fracture healing in a radiological and histopathological manner, and more detailed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kose
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Naci Ezirmik
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Karsan
- Department of Orthophedics and Traumatology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Lin YY, Jean YH, Lin SC, Feng CW, Kuo HM, Lai YC, Kuo TJ, Chen NF, Lee HP, Wen ZH. Etoricoxib prevents progression of osteolysis in repeated intra-articular monosodium urate-induced gouty arthritis in rats. J Adv Res 2020; 24:109-120. [PMID: 32257433 PMCID: PMC7114632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joint or synovium is the major factor in Gouty arthritis (GA). The clinical features of chronic and recurrent GA include pain and the subsequent development of chronic tophaceous GA with multiple tophi deposits accompanied by osteolysis. The majority of previous animal studies have focused on MSU-induced acute GA without making observations regarding osteolysis. In the study, intra-articular injections of MSU into the knee (2 times/week for 10 weeks) was used to induce chronic and recurrent attacks of GA that in turn induced progressive osteolysis. Moreover, we also evaluated whether the clinical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) etoricoxib attenuated the osteoclastogenesis of progressive osteolysis. The knee morphometry and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related proteins (cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -13) in the knee were examined by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results showed that oral etoricoxib not only significantly attenuated the nociceptive behaviors of the rats but that it also inhibited the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related proteins in their knee joints in chronic and recurrent attacks of GA. Our findings thus suggest that NSAIDs not only inhibit nociception but also prevent the progression of osteolysis in chronic and repeated attacks of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-You Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Jean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, No. 60, Dalian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, No. 60, Dalian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, No.70, Lianhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70, Lianhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Road, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Jen Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70, Lianhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Road, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, #2, Zhongzheng 1st Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pai Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, No. 60, Dalian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70, Lianhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No.70, Lianhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Wiatr A, Strek P, Wiatr M. Patterns of Bone Damage in Patients With Chronic Middle Ear Inflammation. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 100:NP438-NP443. [PMID: 32397813 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320924144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite different etiologies, chronic otitis media involves the damaging and restructuring of bone tissue. The inflammatory process destroys elements of the ossicular chain, and bone lesions may appear that allow the development of otogenous complications. AIMS/OBJECTIVES A correlation between the degree of damage to the ossicular chain as well as the bony walls of the middle ear and the type of chronic inflammatory lesions was sought. Destructive changes to bones were observed using scanning microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The removed damaged fragments of the ossicles were prepared for evaluation with a scanning microscope. Preparations were sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold and subsequently evaluated. RESULTS Of 220 surgeries carried out in the discussed period, destruction of the middle ear bone walls, opening the way for the development of intracranial complications, was found in 27 patients. Most of them had ongoing chronic otitis media with granulation. CONCLUSIONS (1) Bone loss of the skull base was observed more frequently in patients with chronic otitis media with granulation than with cholesteatoma. (2) In chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, damage to the ossicular chain was observed significantly more frequently than in the case of otitis media with granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wiatr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Strek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiatr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Martin KS, Azzolini M, Lira Ruas J. The kynurenine connection: how exercise shifts muscle tryptophan metabolism and affects energy homeostasis, the immune system, and the brain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C818-C830. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00580.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal muscle and thus change the concentrations of select compounds in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how exercise alters tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in muscle and its subsequent local and distal effects. We propose that the effects of kynurenine pathway metabolites on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, immune system, and the brain suggest that some of these compounds could qualify as exercise-induced myokines. Indeed, some of the more recently discovered biological activities for kynurenines include many of the best-known benefits of exercise: improved energy homeostasis, promotion of an anti-inflammatory environment, and neuroprotection. Finally, by considering the tissue expression of the different membrane and cytosolic receptors for kynurenines, we discuss known and potential biological activities for these tryptophan metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. Martin
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Lira Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li Y, Chen G, He Y, Zhang X, Zeng B, Wang C, Yi C, Yu D. Ebselen rescues oxidative-stress-suppressed osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via an antioxidant effect and the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:64-70. [PMID: 31345368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metabolic bone diseases often have high risk of titanium implant failure due to compromised bone regeneration ability. Clinical evidence indicates that the poor osteogenic ability is partly because of excessive oxidative stress. To date, specific treatments for these patients are urgently needed. Ebselen, a non-toxic organoselenium compound, is reported to be a potent antioxidant agent. In this study, we hypothesized that ebselen exerted protective effects on osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under oxidative stress. METHODS BMSCs were isolated from SD rats, and their morphology and multiple differentiation abilities were characterized. Proliferation rates of BMSCs treated with different concentrations of ebselen were analyzed. Then BMSCs were pretreated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), after which ebselen at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10 μM) was added, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and osteogenic-related protein levels were evaluated and an optimum concentration of ebselen was selected. Subsequently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway were also investigated. RESULTS Ebselen within a proper range could promote the proliferation of BMSCs. H2O2-induced oxidative stress suppressed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which was verified by the decrease in ALP activity, calcium deposition, Runx2 and β-catenin expression. However, ebselen could alleviate osteogenic dysfunction of BMSCs. We also observed that ebselen reduced ROS accumulation in H2O2-pretreated BMSCs. Moreover, the pro-osteogenic effects afforded by ebselen were almost abolished by the Akt inhibitor. CONCLUSION We concluded that ebselen could attenuate osteogenic dysfunction of BMSCs induced by H2O2 through an antioxidant effect and the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that ebselen has a potential therapeutic effect for patients with metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Yi He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Chen Yi
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China.
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Al-Brakati AY, Kassab RB, Lokman MS, Elmahallawy EK, Amin HK, Abdel Moneim AE. Role of thymoquinone and ebselen in the prevention of sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:482-493. [PMID: 30558456 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118818246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and ebselen (Eb) on arsenic (As)-induced renal toxicity in female rats. Sodium arsenite was orally administrated at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days, either alone or 1 h before TQ (10 mg/kg) or Eb (5 mg/kg) administration. Renal tissue As concentration and oxidative stress markers, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite/nitrate, and glutathione (GSH) levels, were determined. In addition to the oxidative stress response, antioxidant enzyme activities including that of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were measured. Exposure to As elicited a significant increase in As concentration and significant modifications to the redox state of the kidney, as was evidenced by a significant elevation in LPO and nitrite/nitrate concentration, with a concomitant reduction in GSH content and antioxidant enzyme activity. The oxidant/antioxidant imbalance observed in As toxicity was associated with a significant elevation in renal tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein, and caspase 3 levels, in addition to a significant decrease in Bcl-2 levels. Post-administration of TQ and Eb markedly prevented As-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and As accumulation in the renal tissue and reduced histological renal damage. These findings demonstrate that TQ, the main bioactive phytochemical constituent of Nigella sativa seed oil, and Eb, an organoselenium compound, could significantly inhibit As-induced oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of As in renal tissues by facilitating As biomethylation and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Al-Brakati
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia
| | - R B Kassab
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - M S Lokman
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - E K Elmahallawy
- 3 Department of Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - H K Amin
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - A E Abdel Moneim
- 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Structure, Mechanism, and Inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus Thioredoxin Reductase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02281-18. [PMID: 30642940 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02281-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus infections are associated with high mortality rates and high treatment costs. Limited available antifungals and increasing antifungal resistance highlight an urgent need for new antifungals. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and presents as a promising target for novel antifungals. We show that ebselen [2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one] is an inhibitor of A. fumigatus TrxR (Ki = 0.22 μM) and inhibits growth of Aspergillus spp., with in vitro MIC values of 16 to 64 µg/ml. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates that ebselen interacts covalently with a catalytic cysteine of TrxR, Cys148. We also present the X-ray crystal structure of A. fumigatus TrxR and use in silico modeling of the enzyme-inhibitor complex to outline key molecular interactions. This provides a scaffold for future design of potent and selective antifungal drugs that target TrxR, improving the potency of ebselen toward inhbition of A. fumigatus growth.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hexokinases are key enzymes that are responsible for the first reaction of glycolysis, but they also moonlight other cellular processes, including mitochondrial redox signaling regulation. Modulation of hexokinase activity and spatiotemporal location by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as other gasotransmitters serves as the basis for a unique, underexplored method of tight and flexible regulation of these fundamental enzymes. Recent Advances: Redox modifications of thiols serve as a molecular code that enables the precise and complex regulation of hexokinases. Redox regulation of hexokinases is also used by multiple parasites to cause widespread and severe diseases, including malaria, Chagas disease, and sleeping sickness. Redox-active molecules affect each other, and the moonlighting activity of hexokinases provides another feedback loop that affects the cellular redox status and is hijacked in malignantly transformed cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Several compounds affect the redox status of hexokinases in vivo. These include the dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized form of vitamin C), pyrrolidinium porrolidine-1-carbodithioate (contraceptive), peroxynitrite (product of ethanol metabolism), alloxan (a glucose analog), and isobenzothiazolinone ebselen. However, very limited information is available regarding which amino acid residues in hexokinases are affected by redox signaling. Except in cases of monogenic diabetes, direct evidence is absent for disease phenotypes that are associated with variations within motifs that are susceptible to redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies should address the propensity of hexokinases and their disease-associated variants to participate in redox regulation. Robust and straightforward proteomic methods are needed to understand the context and consequences of hexokinase-mediated redox regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
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Gao Y, Wang B, Shen C, Xin W. Overexpression of miR‑146a blocks the effect of LPS on RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5481-5488. [PMID: 30387844 PMCID: PMC6236290 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that inflammation serves a leading role in osteoclast-induced bone loss under pathological circumstances is now widely accepted. In the present study, it was observed that lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) demonstrated a synergic effect on receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in Raw264.7 cells, with increasing levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, microRNA (miR)-146a was highly induced by LPS and RANKL co-stimulation during the process of osteoclast differentiation. Overexpression of miR-146a inhibited osteoclast transformation by targeting the key regulators of nuclear factor (NF)-κβ signaling, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. The downstream activation of NF-κβ signaling was also inhibited by transfection with a miR-146a mimic. Altogether, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-146a prevents osteoclast differentiation induced by LPS and RANKL co-stimulation, suggesting that miR-146a may be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of inflammation mediated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, South Campus, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Minhang, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Second Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 300000, P.R. China
| | - Conghuan Shen
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Jingan, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, South Campus, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Minhang, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
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Screening a Repurposing Library for Inhibitors of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Identifies Ebselen as a Repositionable Candidate for Antifungal Drug Development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01084-18. [PMID: 30104269 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01084-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original isolation in 2009, Candida auris has spread across the globe as a causative agent of invasive candidiasis. C. auris is typically intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and can also be resistant to echinocandins and even amphotericin B. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new treatment options against this emerging pathogen. To address this growing problem, we performed a screen of the Prestwick Chemical library, a repurposing library of 1,280 small molecules, consisting mostly of approved off-patent drugs, in search of those with activity against a multidrug-resistant C. auris isolate. Our initial screen, using standardized susceptibility testing methodologies, identified nine miscellaneous compounds with no previous clinical indication as antifungals or antiseptics that displayed activity against C. auris Confirmation and follow-up studies identified ebselen as the drug displaying the most potent activity, with 100% inhibition of growth detected at concentrations as low as 2.5 μM. We further evaluated the ability of ebselen to inhibit C. auris biofilm formation and examined the effects of combination therapies of ebselen with clinically used antifungals. We extended our studies to different C. auris strains with various susceptibility patterns and also confirmed its antifungal activity against Candida albicans and clinical isolates of multiple other Candida species. Furthermore, ebselen displayed a broad spectrum of antifungal actions on the basis of its activity against a variety of medically important fungi, including yeasts and molds. Overall, our results indicate the promise of ebselen as a repositionable agent for the treatment of candidiasis and possibly other mycoses and, in particular, for the treatment of infections refractory to conventional treatment with current antifungals.
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Jia ZQ, Li SQ, Qiao WQ, Xu WZ, Xing JW, Liu JT, Song H, Gao ZY, Xing BW, He XJ. Ebselen protects mitochondrial function and oxidative stress while inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway after acute spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:110-117. [PMID: 29733976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ebselen is a fat-soluble small molecule and organic selenium compound that regulates the activity of glutathione peroxidase to alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ebselen on mitochondrial oxidative stress response, mitochondrial apotosis, and motor behaviors after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that ebselen significantly increased the BBB score in motor behavior, thus suggesting a rescue effect of ebselen on motor function after SCI in rats. Meanwhile, we revealed that ebselen can increase glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities after SCI-this suggests ebselen has an antioxidant effect. Furthermore, the ATP content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in mitochondria were increased by ebselen after SCI, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased by ebselen. The Cytochrome C and Smac release from mitochondria were reduced by ebselen after SCI, thus indicating improved membrane permeability by ebselen. Moreover, the alterations in caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, as well as the proportion of cell apoptosis were improved by ebselen treatment, which together suggested that ebselen has an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial apotosis pathways after SCI. Taken together, our results suggest that ebselen can inhibit secondary damage caused by spinal cord injury. Indeed it plays a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury perhaps by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China; Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China.
| | - San-Qiang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Wu Xing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Bing-Wen Xing
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Xi-Jing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China.
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Claudin 11 regulates bone homeostasis via bidirectional EphB4-EphrinB2 signaling. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-18. [PMID: 29700355 PMCID: PMC5938033 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins (Cldns) are well-established components of tight junctions (TJs) that play a pivotal role in the modulation of paracellular permeability. Several studies have explored the physiologic aspects of Cldn family members in bone metabolism. However, the effect of Cldn11, a major component of central nervous system myelin, on bone homeostasis has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that Cldn11 is a potential target for bone disease therapeutics as a dual modulator of osteogenesis enhancement and osteoclastogenesis inhibition. We found that Cldn11 played a negative role in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-induced osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function by downregulating the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and phospholipase C gamma 2, in turn impeding c-Fos and nuclear factor in activated T cell c1 expression. The enhancement of osteoblast (OB) differentiation by positive feedback of Cldn11 was achieved through the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, ERK, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. Importantly, this Cldn11-dependent dual event in bone metabolism arose from targeting EphrinB2 ligand reverse signaling in OC and EphB4 receptor forward signaling in OB. In agreement with these in vitro effects, subcutaneous injection of Cldn11 recombinant protein exerted anti-resorbing effects in a lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial bone loss mouse model and increased osteogenic activity in a calvarial bone formation model. These findings suggest that Cldn11 is a novel regulator in bone homeostasis.
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Xiao Y, Li B, Liu J. MicroRNA‑148a inhibition protects against ovariectomy‑induced osteoporosis through PI3K/AKT signaling by estrogen receptor α. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7789-7796. [PMID: 29620276 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA‑148a downregulation on osteoporosis by using an ovariectomized rat model. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze microRNA‑148a expression levels, MTT and flow cytometry assays were used to examine cytotoxicity and apoptosis, respectively. The gap‑associated proteins were quantified using western blotting. The expression of microRNA‑148a was significantly increased in osteoporosis rat following ovariectomy. Overexpression of microRNA‑148a significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell growth, whereas downregulation of microRNA‑148a significantly reduced apoptosis and increased cell growth. Overexpression of microRNA‑148a significantly reduced estrogen receptor a (ERα) protein expression and suppressed phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PI3K) and phosphorylated‑protein kinase B (AKT) protein expression in osteoblasts in vitro. The inhibition of ERα increased the microRNA‑148a effect on apoptosis in osteoblasts in vitro. Subsequently, LY294002, an PI3K inhibitor, significantly increased the effect of microRNA‑148a on apoptosis in osteoblasts in vitro. The findings of the present study revealed that anti‑microRNA‑148a protected cells against ovariectomy‑induced osteoporosis through ERα by PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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26
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Wang C, Xiao F, Qu X, Zhai Z, Hu G, Chen X, Zhang X. Sitagliptin, An Anti-diabetic Drug, Suppresses Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis In Vivo and Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28713268 PMCID: PMC5492451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease characterized by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. Some anti-diabetic drugs were demonstrated for anti-osteoclastic bone-loss effects. The present study investigated the skeletal effects of chronic administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor that is increasingly used for type 2 diabetes treatments, in an estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and elucidated the associated mechanisms. This study indicated that sitagliptin effectively prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and reduced osteoclast numbers in vivo. It was also indicated that sitagliptin suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and F-actin ring formation in a manner of dose-dependence. In addition, sitagliptin significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific markers in mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages, including calcitonin receptor (Calcr), dendrite cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Further study indicated that sitagliptin inhibited osteoclastogenesis by suppressing AKT and ERK signaling pathways, scavenging ROS activity, and suppressing the Ca2+ oscillation that consequently affects the expression and/or activity of the osteoclast-specific transcription factors, c-Fos and NFATc1. Collectively, these findings suggest that sitagliptin possesses beneficial effects on bone and the suppression of osteoclast number implies that the effect is exerted directly on osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Guoli Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai, China
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27
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Jiang L, Song J, Hu X, Zhang H, Huang E, Zhang Y, Deng F, Wu X. The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Ameliorates Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2017; 88:473-483. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaomian Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
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