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Hao JW, Liu HS, Liu LY, Zhang QH. Citrus pectin protects mice from burn injury by modulating intestinal microbiota, GLP-1 secretion and immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111912. [PMID: 38522140 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched citrus pectin (WRP) has promising effect on antimicrobial defense. We aim to determine whether the modified acidic (A) or neutral (B) WRP solutions can improve intestinal microbial dysbiosis in burn-injured mice. Male Balb/c mice were gavaged with WRPs at 80, 160, 320 mg/kg. Body weight daily for 21 days before exposed to thermal injury of 15 % total body surface area and mortality was monitored. Mice with 80 mg/kg WRPs were also subjected to fecal DNAs and T cell metabonomics analysis, intestinal and plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) detection, plasma defensin, immunoglobin and intestinal barrier examinations at 1 and 3d postburn (p.b.). Burn-induced mortality was only improved by low dose WRP-A (P = 0.039). Both WRPs could prevent the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in burn injury by reducing the expansion of inflammation-promoting bacteria. Both WRPs suppressed ileum GLP-1 production at 1d p.b. (P = 0.002) and plasma GLP-1 levels at 3d p.b. (P = 0.013). Plasma GLP-1 level correlated closely with ileum GLP-1 production (P = 0.019) but negatively with microbiota diversity at 1d p.b. (P = 0.003). Intestinal T cell number was increased by both WRPs in jejunum at 3d p.b. However, the exaggerated splenic T cell metabolism in burn injury was reversed by both WRPs at 1d p.b. The burn-increased plasma defensin β1 level was only reduced by WRP-B. Similarly, the intestinal barrier permeability was only rescued by WRP-B at 1d p.b. WRP-A rather than WRP-B could reduce burn-induced mortality in mice by suppressing intestinal GLP-1 secretion, restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis and improving adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Hao
- Trauma Repair and Tissue Regeneration Center, Department of Medical Innovation Study, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Zhang
- Trauma Repair and Tissue Regeneration Center, Department of Medical Innovation Study, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Perez-Moreno E, Oyanadel C, de la Peña A, Hernández R, Pérez-Molina F, Metz C, González A, Soza A. Galectins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition: roles and mechanisms contributing to tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer metastasis. Biol Res 2024; 57:14. [PMID: 38570874 PMCID: PMC10993482 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perez-Moreno
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adely de la Peña
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronny Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Pérez-Molina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Metz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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An L, Chang G, Zhang L, Wang P, Gao W, Li X. Pectin: Health-promoting properties as a natural galectin-3 inhibitor. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:93-118. [PMID: 38630380 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 has a variety of important pathophysiological significance in the human body. Much evidence shows that the abnormal expression of galectin-3 is related to the formation and development of many diseases. Pectin is mostly obtained from processed citrus fruits and apples and is a known natural inhibitor of galactin-3. A large number of peels produced each year are discarded, and it is necessary to recycle some of the economically valuable active compounds in these by-products to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. By binding with galectin-3, pectin can directly reduce the expression level of galectin-3 on the one hand, and regulate the expression level of cytokines by regulating certain signaling pathways on the other hand, to achieve the effect of treating diseases. This paper begins by presenting an overview of the basic structure of pectin, subsequently followed by a description of the structure of galectin-3 and its detrimental impact on human health when expressed abnormally. The health effects of pectin as a galectin-3 inhibitor were then summarized from the perspectives of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, ameliorating fibrotic diseases, and anti-diabetes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of future research on pectin are presented, which provide important references for expanding the application of pectin in the pharmaceutical industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guanglu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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4
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Kleijn AF, Mutter M, Akingbasote JA, Meetro J, Simon RR, Muntendam P, Frommhagen M, Schols HA. Toxicological evaluation of a pumpkin-derived pectin preparation: in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae004. [PMID: 38274036 PMCID: PMC10807847 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of a rhamnogalacturonan-I-enriched pectin extract (G3P-01) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Dickinson) was evaluated for use as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements. G3P-01 was tested in a battery of genetic toxicity studies including reverse mutagenicity and in vitro micronucleus assay. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and orally dosed with G3P-01 incorporated in animal diet at concentrations of 0, 9000, 18,000, and 36,000 ppm daily for 13-weeks (n=10/sex/group) in line with OECD guidelines (TG 408). The results of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and micronucleus assay in TK6 cells demonstrated a lack of genotoxicity. The 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that the test article, G3P-01 was well tolerated; there were no mortalities and no adverse effects on clinical, gross pathology, hematology, blood chemistry, and histological evaluation of the essential organs of the animals. The present study demonstrates that G3P-01 is non-genotoxic and is safe when ingested in diet at concentrations up to 36, 000 ppm. The subchronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for G3P-01 was concluded to be 36,000 ppm, equivalent to 1,899 and 2,361 mg/kg/day for male and female rats respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Kleijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Margien Mutter
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - James A Akingbasote
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Jwar Meetro
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Ryan R Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Pieter Muntendam
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - Matthias Frommhagen
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
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5
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Pedrosa LDF, Nascimento KR, Soares CG, Oliveira DPD, de Vos P, Fabi JP. Unveiling Plant-Based Pectins: Exploring the Interplay of Direct Effects, Fermentation, and Technological Applications in Clinical Research with a Focus on the Chemical Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2750. [PMID: 37514364 PMCID: PMC10384513 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Pectin, a plant-derived polysaccharide, possesses immense technological and biological application value. Several variables influence pectin's physicochemical aspects, resulting in different fermentations, interactions with receptors, and other functional properties. Some of those variables are molecular weight, degree of methylation and blockiness, and monosaccharide composition. Cancer cell cytotoxicity, important fermentation-related byproducts, immunomodulation, and technological application were found in cell culture, animal models, and preclinical and clinical assessments. One of the greater extents of recent pectin technological usage involves nanoencapsulation methods for many different compounds, ranging from chemotherapy and immunotherapy to natural extracts from fruits and other sources. Structural modification (modified pectin) is also utilized to enhance the use of dietary fiber. Although pectin is already recognized as a component of significant importance, there is still a need for a comprehensive review that delves into its intricate relationships with biological effects, which depend on the source and structure of pectin. This review covers all levels of clinical research, including cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials, to understand how the plant source and pectin structures influence the biological effects in humans and some technological applications of pectin regarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Freitas Pedrosa
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Rebouças Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Giacomelli Soares
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Preceliano de Oliveira
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
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6
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Mehdizadeh R, Ansari AM, Forouzesh F, Ghadirian R, Shahriari F, Shariatpanahi SP, Javidi MA. Cross-talk between non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and metastasis; EMT and hybrid E/M may explain the anticancer role of EMFs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00060-3. [PMID: 37302516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) in a specific frequency, intensity, and exposure time can have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells; however, the underlying precise mechanism of action is not transparent. Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis. This important phenomenon plays an inevitable role in different steps of cancer including progression and development. It has different stages including invasion, intravasation, migration, extravasation, and homing. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hybrid E/M state, are biological processes, that involve both natural embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and abnormal conditions including organ fibrosis or metastasis. In this context, some evidence reveals possible footprints of the important EMT-related pathways which may be affected in different EMFs treatments. In this article, critical EMT molecules and/or pathways which can be potentially affected by EMFs (e.g., VEGFR, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Cyclin B1, and NF-кB) are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of EMFs anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Li J, Wang YF, Shen ZC, Zou Q, Lin XF, Wang XY. Recent developments on natural polysaccharides as potential anti-gastric cancer substance: Structural feature and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123390. [PMID: 36706878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is being a serious threat to human health. Seeking safer and more effective ingredients for anti-GC is of significance. Increasing natural polysaccharides (NPs) have been demonstrated to possess anti-GC activity. However, the information on anti-GC NPs is scattered. For well-understanding the potential of NPs as anti-GC substances, the recent developments on structure, bioactivity and mechanism of anti-GC NPs were comprehensively reviewed in this article. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationship was discussed. Recent studies indicated that anti-GC NPs could be mainly divided into glucan and heteropolysaccharide, whose structures affected by sources and protocols of extraction and purification. NPs exhibited anti-GC activities in cell and animal experiments as well as clinical trials, and the mechanisms might be anti-proliferation, inducing apoptosis, anti-metastasis and anti-invasion, inducing autophagy, boosting immunity, anti-angiogenesis, reducing drug resistance, anti-angiogenesis, improving antioxidant level and changing metabolites. Moreover, structural features included molecular weight, functional groups, uronic acid and monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage type, and degree of branching and conformation might influence the activities. Otherwise, modifications could enhance the anti-GC activity of NPs, and anti-GC NPs could be combinedly used with chemotherapeutic drugs. This review supports the applications of NPs in anti-GC and provides theoretical basis for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zi-Chun Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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8
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Thiolated pectin-chitosan composites: Potential mucoadhesive drug delivery system with selective cytotoxicity towards colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1-12. [PMID: 36481327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (DDS) may promote safer chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) by maximizing local drug distribution and residence time. Carbohydrate polymers, e.g. pectin (P) and chitosan (CS), are potential biomaterials for CRC-targeted DDS due to their gelling ability, mucoadhesive property, colonic digestibility, and anticancer activity. Polymer mucoadhesion is augmentable by thiolation, e.g. pectin to thiolated pectin (TP). Meanwhile, P-CS polyelectrolyte complex has been shown to improve structural stability. Herein, we fabricated, characterized, and evaluated 5-fluorouracil-loaded primary DDS combining TP and CS as a composite (TPCF) through triple crosslinking actions (calcium pectinate, polyelectrolyte complex, disulfide). Combination of these crosslinking yields superior mucoadhesion property relative to single- or dual-crosslinked counterparts, with comparable drug release profile and drug compatibility. PCF and TPCF exhibited targeted cytotoxicity towards HT29 CRC cells with milder cytotoxicity towards HEK293 normal cells. In conclusion, TP-CS composites are promising next-generation mucoadhesive and selectively cytotoxic biomaterials for CRC-targeted DDS.
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9
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Structural Characteristic and In-Vitro Anticancer Activities of Dandelion Leaf Polysaccharides from Pressurized Hot Water Extraction. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010080. [PMID: 36615741 PMCID: PMC9824204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) is a medicinal and edible plant. Dandelion has great development value for its health promoting benefits; additionally, Dandelion grows almost anywhere in the world. In this study, we report the structural characteristics and anti-cancer activity of novel dandelion leaf polysaccharides extracted by pressurized hot water extraction at 120 °C (DLP120) with Mw relative to dextran of 1.64 × 106 Da. Structural analysis indicated that DLP120 is a complex polysaccharide composed of pectin and arabinogalactan. It was mainly composed of arabinose (32.35 mol%) and galactose (44.91 mol%). The main glycosidic linkages of DLP120 were 4-β-D-Galp, 4-α-D-GalpA, T-β-D-Galp, 5-α-L-Araf, 3,5-α-L-Araf, and T-α-L-Araf. In vitro, DLP120 inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell apoptosis. Cell cycle detection results revealed that DLP120 mainly arrests the cell cycle in S phase. Cells treated with DLP120 displayed obvious apoptotic morphology, including cell volume shrinks and cytoskeleton breaks down. In short, DLP120 has potential as an anti-cancer agent.
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10
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Highlights on the Role of Galectin-3 in Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive/Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010052. [PMID: 36612048 PMCID: PMC9817985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic management, tumor metastases and resistance to therapy still represent major hurdles. CRC risk is highly modifiable by lifestyle factors, including diet, which strongly influences both cancer incidence and related mortality. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifaceted protein involved in multiple pathophysiological pathways underlying chronic inflammation and cancer. Its versatility is given by the ability to participate in a wide range of tumor-promoting processes, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, cell growth regulation and apoptosis, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review provides an updated summary of preclinical and observational human studies investigating the pathogenetic role of Gal-3 in intestinal inflammation and CRC, as well as the potential of Gal-3 activity inhibition by plant-source food-derived bioactive compounds to control CRC onset/growth. These studies highlight both direct and immuno-mediated effects of Gal-3 on tumor growth and invasiveness and its potential role as a CRC prognostic biomarker. Substantial evidence indicates natural food-derived Gal-3 inhibitors as promising candidates for CRC prevention and therapy. However, critical issues, such as their bioavailability and efficacy, in controlled human studies need to be addressed to translate research progress into clinical applications.
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11
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Jin H, Li M, Tian F, Yu F, Zhao W. An Overview of Antitumour Activity of Polysaccharides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228083. [PMID: 36432183 PMCID: PMC9692906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing worldwide; therefore, effective therapies are required in the current scenario of increasing cancer cases. Polysaccharides are a family of natural polymers that hold unique physicochemical and biological properties, and they have become the focus of current antitumour drug research owing to their significant antitumour effects. In addition to the direct antitumour activity of some natural polysaccharides, their structures offer versatility in synthesizing multifunctional nanocomposites, which could be chemically modified to achieve high stability and bioavailability for delivering therapeutics into tumor tissues. This review aims to highlight recent advances in natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Maohua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Feng Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (W.Z.)
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12
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Emran TB, Islam F, Mitra S, Paul S, Nath N, Khan Z, Das R, Chandran D, Sharma R, Lima CMG, Awadh AAA, Almazni IA, Alhasaniah AH, Guiné RPF. Pectin: A Bioactive Food Polysaccharide with Cancer Preventive Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:7405. [PMID: 36364232 PMCID: PMC9657392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide found in the cell walls and the primary and middle lamella of land plants. To be authorized as a food additive, industrial pectins must meet strict guidelines set forth by the Food and Agricultural Organization and must contain at least 65% polygalacturonic acid to achieve the E440 level. Fruit pectin derived from oranges or apples is commonly used in the food industry to gel or thicken foods and to stabilize acid-based milk beverages. It is a naturally occurring component and can be ingested by dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventing long-term chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease is an important role of dietary carbohydrates. Colon and breast cancer are among the diseases for which data suggest that modified pectin (MP), specifically modified citrus pectin (MCP), has beneficial effects on the development and spread of malignancies, in addition to its benefits as a soluble dietary fiber. Cellular and animal studies and human clinical trials have provided corroborating data. Although pectin has many diverse functional qualities, this review focuses on various modifications used to develop MP and its benefits for cancer prevention, bioavailability, clinical trials, and toxicity studies. This review concludes that pectin has anti-cancer characteristics that have been found to inhibit tumor development and proliferation in a wide variety of cancer cells. Nevertheless, further clinical and basic research is required to confirm the chemopreventive or therapeutic role of specific dietary carbohydrate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shyamjit Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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13
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Xing Z, Lv S, Huang L, Liu J, Ye S, Li X, Chen M, Zuo S, Tao Y, He Y. OLFM4 deficiency delays the progression of colitis to colorectal cancer by abrogating PMN-MDSCs recruitment. Oncogene 2022; 41:3131-3150. [PMID: 35487976 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly associated with the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis (CAT). Despite recent advances in the understanding of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) responses in cancer, the mechanisms of these cells during this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we discovered a glycoprotein, olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), was highly expressed in PMN-MDSCs from colitis to colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression level and PMN-MDSC population positively correlated with the progression of IBD to CRC. Moreover, mice lacking OLFM4 in myeloid cells showed poor recruitment of PMN-MDSCs, impaired intestinal homeostasis, and delayed development from IBD to CRC, and increased response to anti-PD1 therapy. The main mechanism of OLFM4-mediated PMN-MDSC activity involved the NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway, through the binding of LGALS3, a galactoside-binding protein expressed on PMN-MDSCs. Our results showed that the OLFM4/NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway promoted PMN-MDSC recruitment, which played an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, but showed resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijun Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxuan Huang
- Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubiao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxu Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Yang W, Liu M, Chen B, Ning J, Wang K, Cai Y, Yang D, Zheng G. Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3009-3023. [PMID: 36171768 PMCID: PMC9469855 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and differences in phytochemicals about the three herbs, a series of analytic approaches were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in them. The results indicated a total of 48 volatile compounds were determined representing 99.92% of the total relative content of CER extracts, including 24 alkenes, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 2 phenols, while volatile compounds were not extracted from CREA and CFR. CER was abundant in volatile components that mainly existed in the oil gland. And a total of 32, 35, and 28 nonvolatile compounds were identified from CER, CREA, and CFR extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids and phenolic, and hesperidin in CFR was the highest, followed by CREA and CER. Conversely, CER was a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the total polymethoxyflavone content (TPMFC), the content of nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5‐HPMF) in CREA and CFR were extremely low. Besides, CER and CREA had a higher concentration of synephrine than CFR. The phytochemicals of CER, CREA, and CFR were significantly different, which might provide chemical evidence for the comparative pharmacological activities’ research and rational application of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd Jiangmen China
| | - Jinrong Ning
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
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15
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Yue F, Xu J, Zhang S, Hu X, Wang X, Lü X. Structural features and anticancer mechanisms of pectic polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:825-839. [PMID: 35447258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of pectic polysaccharides (PPs) was proved by numerous studies, and which also indicated that the bioactivity of PPs was closely related to its complicated structures. Based on the summary and analysis about structure characteristics and corresponding enzymatic process of the reported PPs, the anticancer mechanism and related structural features were systematically clarified. It was found that not only the direct effects on the cancer cells by proliferation inhibition or apoptosis, but also the regulation of immune system, gut microbiota and gut metabolism as indirect effects, jointly played important roles in the anticancer of PPs. Nevertheless, during the study of PPs as promising anticancer components, the exact structure-function relationship, digestion process in vivo, and comprehensive action mechanism are still not well understanding. With the unveiling of the proposed issues, it is believed that PPs are promising to be exploited as effective cancer therapy/adjunctive therapy drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sitan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Wang MM, Wang F, Li G, Tang MT, Wang C, Zhou QQ, Zhou T, Gu Q. Antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities of pectin isolated from citrus canning processing water. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Bian X, Shi T, Wang Y, Ma Y, Yu Y, Gao W, Guo C. Gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotics is improved by tangerine pith extract in mice. Nutr Res 2022; 101:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Donadio JLS, Prado SBRD, Rogero MM, Fabi JP. Effects of pectins on colorectal cancer: targeting hallmarks as a support for future clinical trials. Food Funct 2022; 13:11438-11454. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intake of dietary fibers has been associated with a reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina L. S. Donadio
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo M. Rogero
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Potential Roles of Modified Pectin Targeting Galectin-3 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. J 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/j4040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified pectin (MP) is a bioactive complex polysaccharide that is broken down into smaller fragments of units and used as an oral dietary supplement for cell proliferation. MP is safe and non-toxic with promising therapeutic properties with regard to targeting galectin-3 (GAL-3) toward the prevention and inhibition of viral infections through the modulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory cytokine effects. This effect of MP as a GAL-3 antagonism, which has shown benefits in preclinical and clinical models, may be of relevance to the progression of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The outbreak of emerging infectious diseases continues to pose a threat to human health. Further to the circulation of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, an effective and alternative therapeutic approach to combat it has become pertinent. The use of MP as a GAL-3 inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent blocking against the SARS-CoV-2-binding spike protein. This review highlights the potential effects of MP in viral infections, its proposed role as a GAL-3 inhibitor, and the associated function concerning a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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20
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Kang SY, Hwang D, Shin S, Park J, Kim M, Rahman MDH, Rahman MA, Ko SG, Kim B. Potential of Bioactive Food Components against Gastric Cancer: Insights into Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184502. [PMID: 34572730 PMCID: PMC8469857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. Accumulated evidence and epidemiological studies have indicated that bioactive food components from natural products play an important role in gastric cancer prevention and treatment, although its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. Particularly, experimental studies have shown that natural bioactive food products display a protective effect against gastric cancer via numerous molecular mechanisms, such as suppression of cell metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of autophagy. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer along with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, as well as immunotherapy, and its adverse side effects including neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and emesis are well documented. However, administration of naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical food components could increase the efficacy of gastric chemotherapy and other chemotherapeutic resistance. Additionally, several studies have suggested that bioactive food components with structural stability, potential bioavailability, and powerful bioactivity are important to develop novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer management, which may minimize the adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of natural bioactive food products on the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with intensive molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog Young Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Dongwon Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Jinju Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Myoungchan Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Hao EJ, Li GX, Liang YR, Xie MS, Wang DC, Jiang XH, Cheng JY, Shi ZX, Wang Y, Guo HM. Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of Novel Acyclic Nucleosides as Potential Anticancer Agents In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2077-2109. [PMID: 33538581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, 103 novel acyclic nucleosides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that most target compounds inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro, of which 3-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)dodecan-1-ol (9b) exhibited the most potent effect against the HCT-116 and SW480 cells with IC50 values of 0.89 and 1.15 μM, respectively. Furthermore, all of the (R)-configured acyclic nucleoside derivatives displayed more potent anticancer activity compared to their (S)-counterparts. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 9b triggered apoptosis in the cancer cell lines via depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and effectively inhibited colony formation. Importantly, compound 9b inhibited the growth of the SW480 xenograft in a mouse model with low systemic toxicity. These results indicated that acyclic nucleoside compounds are viable as potent and effective anticancer agents, and compound 9b may serve as a promising lead compound that merits further attention in future anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Jun Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gong-Xin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yu-Ru Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Han Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jia-Yi Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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22
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Yang X, Yuan Y, Xie D. Low Molecular Pectin Inhibited the Lipid Accumulation by Upregulation of METTL7B. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1469-1481. [PMID: 33484445 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of lipid accumulation is the key step to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We aimed to study the effect of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) against lipid accumulation and the underlying mechanism. Oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells was applied to mimic in vitro model of lipid accumulation. Oil Red O (ORO) stain result showed lipid accumulation was significantly reduced, and levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), involved in triacylglycerol catabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation, detected by RT-qPCR were increased after OA-stimulated HepG2 cells treated with LCP. RNA sequencing analysis identified 740 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OA-stimulated HepG2 cells treated with the LCP group (OA+LCP group), and bioinformatics analysis indicated that some DEGs were enriched in lipid metabolism-related processes and pathways. The expression of the top 8 known DEGs in the OA+LCP group was then verified by RT-qPCR, which showed that fold change (abs) of METTL7B was the highest among the 8 candidates. In addition, overexpression of METTL7B in HepG2 cells significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation and enhanced levels of ATGL and CPT-1. In conclusion, LCP inhibited lipid accumulation through the upregulation of METTL7B, and further enhancement of ATGL and CPT-1 levels. LCP is expected to develop as a promising agent to ameliorate fat accumulation in NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinghua Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Desheng Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Lv S, Ning H, Li Y, Wang J, Jia Q, Wen H. Inhibition of cyclinB1 Suppressed the Proliferation, Invasion, and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Enhanced the Sensitivity to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1119-1128. [PMID: 32103981 PMCID: PMC7008233 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s225202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CyclinB1 is highly expressed in various tumor tissues and plays an important role in tumor progression. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of cyclinB1 in the development and progression of HCC. Methods The expression of cyclinB1 was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, and detected in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. CyclinB1-short hairpin RNA (Sh-cyclinB1) was transfected into HCC cells to knockdown cyclinB1, and the effect of cyclinB1 knockdown on HCC was examined via the MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, scratch assay, cell cycle analysis in vitro, and xenograft model in nude mice. In addition, the role of cyclinB1 on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results The GEPIA database analysis showed that cyclinB1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting proved that the expression of cyclinB1 was significantly increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. The data of the MTT assay, colony formation assay, and cell cycle analysis indicated that cyclinB1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, cell migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition were also impaired by cyclinB1 knockdown. Furthermore, the xenograft model in nude mice demonstrated that inhibition of cyclinB1 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Finally, the results of flow cytometry and Western blotting indicated that inhibition of cyclinB1 enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conclusion Overall, these data provide reasonable evidence that cyclinB1 may serve as a proto-oncogene during the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112619. [PMID: 31683865 PMCID: PMC6893732 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) has a low-molecular-weight degree of esterification to allow absorption from the small intestinal epithelium into the circulation. MCP produces pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to its antagonism of galectin-3, which have shown benefit in preclinical and clinical models. Regarding cancer, MCP modulates several rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. MCP can also affect cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding fibrotic diseases, MCP modulates many of the steps involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. MCP also reduces fibrosis to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. Other benefits of MCP include detoxification and improved immune function. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, 398 Tesconi Ct, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA.
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Edirisinghe SL, Dananjaya SHS, Nikapitiya C, Liyanage TD, Lee KA, Oh C, Kang DH, De Zoysa M. Novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima enhances the disease resistance and immune responses in zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida and Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:558-565. [PMID: 31546036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced disease resistance and positive immunomodulation of novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima (SmP) in zebrafish model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to SmP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher cumulative percent survival (CPS) at 25 (44.0%) and 50 μg/mL (67.0%) against Edwardsiella piscicida compared to the control. However, upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, SmP exposed larvae at 50 μg/mL had slightly higher CPS (33.3%) compared to control group (26.7%). SmP supplemented zebrafish exhibited the higher CPS against E. piscicida (93.3%) and A. hydrophila (60.0%) during the early stage of post-infection (<18 hpi). qRT-PCR results demonstrated that exposing (larvae) and feeding (adults) of SmP, drive the modulation of a wide array of immune response genes. In SmP exposed larvae, up-regulation of the antimicrobial enzyme (lyz: 3.5-fold), mucin (muc5.1: 2.84, muc5.2: 2.11 and muc5.3: 2.40-fold), pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β: 1.79-fold) and anti-oxidants (cat: 2.87 and sod1: 1.82-fold) were identified. In SmP fed adult zebrafish (gut) showed >2-fold induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (il1β) and chemokines (cxcl18b, ccl34a.4 and ccl34b.4). Overall results confirmed the positive modulation of innate immune responses in larval stage and it could be the main reason for developing disease resistance against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila. Thus, non-toxic, natural and biodegradable SmP could be considered as the potential immunomodulatory agent for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - T D Liyanage
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Lee
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Amaral SDC, Barbieri SF, Ruthes AC, Bark JM, Brochado Winnischofer SM, Silveira JLM. Cytotoxic effect of crude and purified pectins from Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg on human glioblastoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115140. [PMID: 31472853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new source of pectin with a cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells is presented. A homogeneous GWP-FP-S fraction (Mw of 29,170 g mol-1) was obtained by fractionating the crude pectin extract (GW) from Campomanesia xanthocarpa pulp. According to the monosaccharide composition, the GWP-FP-S was composed of galacturonic acid (58.8%), arabinose (28.5%), galactose (11.3%) and rhamnose (1.1%), comprising 57.7% of homogalacturonans (HG) and 42.0% of type I rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I). These structures were characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods; GW and GWP-FP-S fractions were evaluated by MTT and crystal violet assays for their cytotoxic effects. Both fractions induced cytotoxicity (15.55-37.65%) with concomitant increase in the cellular ROS levels in human glioblastoma cells at 25-400 μg mL-1, after 48 h of treatment, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed for normal NIH 3T3 cells. This is the first report of in vitro bioactivity and the first investigation of the antitumor potential of gabiroba pectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah da Costa Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Shayla Fernanda Barbieri
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Andrea Caroline Ruthes
- Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology - KTH, Sweden; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC-UF), Wimauma, USA
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Brochado Winnischofer
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Joana Léa Meira Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
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Yuan Y, Zhang XY, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhou YF, Gao J. A Novel PL9 Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1: Cloning, Expression, and Its Application in Pectin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3060. [PMID: 31234557 PMCID: PMC6627557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyases play an important role in pectin degradation, and therefore are highly useful in the food and textile industries. Here, we report on the cloning of an alkaline pectate lyase gene (pppel9a) from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. The full-length gene (1350 bp) encodes for a 449-residue protein that belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 9 (PL9). Recombinant PpPel9a produced in Escherichia coli was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a single step using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity of PpPel9a (apparent molecular weight of 45.3 kDa) was found to be optimal at pH 10.0 and 40 °C, with substrate preference for homogalacturonan type (HG) pectins vis-à-vis rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectins. Using HG-type pectins as substrate, PpPel9a showed greater activity with de-esterified HGs. In addition, PpPel9a was active against water-soluble pectins isolated from different plants. Using this lyase, we degraded citrus pectin, purified fractions using Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-sepharose column chromatography, and characterized the main fraction MCP-0.3. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the molecular mass of citrus pectin (~230.2 kDa) was reduced to ~24 kDa upon degradation. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) and monosaccharide composition analyses demonstrated that PpPel9a worked as an endo-pectate lyase, which acted primarily on the HG domain of citrus pectin. In vitro testing showed that the degradation product MCP-0.3 significantly promotes the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus. In this regard, the enzyme has potential in the preparation of pharmacologically active pectin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yi-Fa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Oligogalacturonides and Cisplatin on Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061769. [PMID: 29903991 PMCID: PMC6032352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DPP), a clinically potent antineoplastic agent, is limited by its severe adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oligogalacturonides (OGA) and DDP on human lung cancer A549 cells. The combined use of OGA and DDP had a synergistic effect on the growth inhibition of A549 cells, changed the cell cycle distribution, and enhanced apoptotic response, especially in sequential combination treatment group of DDP 12 h + OGA 12 h. Western blot analyses showed that the combination treatment of OGA and DDP upregulated Bax, p53, and Caspase-3 and downregulated Bcl-2 proteins. More importantly, DDP-induced toxicity was attenuated by OGA and DDP combination treatment in normal HEK293 cells. Our data suggests that the combined use of OGA from natural sources and DDP could be an important new adjuvant therapy for lung cancer as well as offer important insights for reducing kidney toxicity of DDP and delaying the development of DDP resistance.
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30
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Transepithelial transport of lunasin and derived peptides: Inhibitory effects on the gastrointestinal cancer cells viability. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Liu MQ, Huo WK, Dai X, Dang YH. Preparation of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin by recombinant Bacillus subtilis pectate lyase and promotion of growth of Bifidobacterium longum. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Prado SBRD, Ferreira GF, Harazono Y, Shiga TM, Raz A, Carpita NC, Fabi JP. Ripening-induced chemical modifications of papaya pectin inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16564. [PMID: 29185464 PMCID: PMC5707353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit with a rapid pulp softening during ripening. Ripening events are accompanied by gradual depolymerization of pectic polysaccharides, including homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans, arabinogalactans, and their modified forms. During intermediate phases of papaya ripening, partial depolymerization of pectin to small size with decreased branching had enhanced pectin anti-cancer properties. These properties were lost with continued decomposition at later phases of ripening. Pectin extracted from intermediate phases of papaya ripening markedly decreased cell viability, induced necroptosis, and delayed culture wound closing in three types of immortalized cancer cell lines. The possible explanation for these observations is that papaya pectins extracted from the third day after harvesting have disrupted interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix proteins, enhancing cell detachment and promoting apoptosis/necroptosis. The anticancer activity of papaya pectin is dependent on the presence and the branch of arabinogalactan type II (AGII) structure. These are first reports of AGII in papaya pulp and the first reports of an in vitro biological activity of papaya pectins that were modified by natural action of ripening-induced pectinolytic enzymes. Identification of the specific pectin branching structures presents a biological route to enhancing anti-cancer properties in papaya and other climacteric fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Fernandez Ferreira
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yosuke Harazono
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tânia Misuzu Shiga
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Fast preparation of RG-I enriched ultra-low molecular weight pectin by an ultrasound accelerated Fenton process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:541. [PMID: 28373642 PMCID: PMC5428719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin, a natural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of most higher plant such as citrus, has drawn much attention due to its potential beneficial role in facilitating the treatment of many diseases like cancer, hyper cholesterol and diabetes. However, the broad application of pectin faces great limitations as the large molecular size of pectin severely prevents its bioavailability in vivo. In this study, we report an effective and highly convenient approach to degrade natural pectin into lower molecular pectin. By combining ultrasound with Fenton system (US-Fenton), we show that ultrasound synergistically enhances the efficiency of Fenton reaction to degrade pectin into 5.5 kDa within only 35 minutes. Importantly, RG-I domain, the most effective portion of natural pectin, was well preserved and highly enriched. In addition, the antioxidant activities of US-Fenton-treated pectin was significantly elevated. The mechanism of this novel observation was further investigated through the multiple structural analyses including HPLC, IR and NMR. Taken together, we present a novel and convenient approach to generate ultra-low molecular weight pectin with high efficiency and higher bioactivity. We expect our approach will have broader applications in improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of other polysaccharide-based natural compounds.
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Papanikolaou S, Bravou V, Papadaki H, Gyftopoulos K. The role of the endothelin axis in promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and lymph node metastasis in prostate adenocarcinoma. Urol Ann 2017; 9:372-379. [PMID: 29118542 PMCID: PMC5656965 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_43_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aberrant activation of endothelin (ET) axis has been identified as a key player in tumor growth and metastasis in several tumor types. However, little is known about the possible interaction of the ET with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that transforms tumor cells in a motile, resistant to apoptosis phenotype prone to invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of the ET axis in prostate adenocarcinoma and examine possible associations with EMT markers, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and other clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: We immunohistochemically evaluated the expression of ET-1 and its receptors A and B (ET-A, ET-B) in 64 N0 and 23 N1 prostate adenocarcinoma cases. EMT markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin and the transcriptional factor SNAIL were evaluated. We examined possible correlations of ET pathway members with EMT markers, LN status, Gleason grade, and T stage. Results: Our results revealed increased expression of ET-1 and ET-A (but not ET-B) in prostate carcinoma; both ET-1 and ET-A were associated with lymph metastasis and T stage but not with Gleason grade. We observed E-cadherin and β-catenin decrease/relocalization and increased N-cadherin expression. SNAIL also showed increased expression in tumor tissue and was associated with LN metastasis (Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.0032). Expression of ET-1 and ET-A correlated well with SNAIL expression (Spearman r, P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0176, respectively). Conclusions: These findings indicate that activation of the ET pathway may induce EMT through SNAIL activation and correlates with increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Papanikolaou
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Kostis Gyftopoulos
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
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