1
|
Zhang YX, Tan Q, Jin L, Li GQ. Molecular characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP18A1 in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22111. [PMID: 38628055 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In insects, the expression of 20E response genes that initiate metamorphosis is triggered by a pulse of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). The 20E pulse is generated through two processes: synthesis, which increases its level, and inactivation, which decreases its titer. CYP18A1 functions as an ecdysteroid 26-hydroxylase and plays a role in 20E removal in several representative insects. However, applying 20E degradation activity of CYP18A1 to other insects remains a significant challenge. In this study, we discovered high levels of Hvcyp18a1 during the larval and late pupal stages, particularly in the larval epidermis and fat body of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, a damaging Coleopteran pest of potatoes. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Hvcyp18a1 disrupted the pupation. Approximately 75% of the Hvcyp18a1 RNAi larvae experienced developmental arrest and remained as stunted prepupae. Subsequently, they gradually turned black and eventually died. Among the Hvcyp18a1-depleted animals that successfully pupated, around half became malformed pupae with swollen elytra and hindwings. The emerged adults from these deformed pupae appeared misshapen, with shriveled elytra and hindwings, and were wrapped in the pupal exuviae. Furthermore, RNAi of Hvcyp18a1 increased the expression of a 20E receptor gene (HvEcR) and four 20E response transcripts (HvE75, HvHR3, HvBrC, and HvαFTZ-F1), while decreased the transcription of HvβFTZ-F1. Our findings confirm the vital role of CYP18A1 in the pupation, potentially involved in the degradation of 20E in H. vigintioctopunctata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Tan
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavigliasso F, Savitsky M, Koval A, Erkosar B, Savary L, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J, Katanaev VL, Kawecki TJ. Cis-regulatory polymorphism at fiz ecdysone oxidase contributes to polygenic evolutionary response to malnutrition in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011204. [PMID: 38452112 PMCID: PMC10962836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the contribution of a candidate gene, fiz (fezzik), to complex polygenic adaptation to juvenile malnutrition in Drosophila melanogaster. Experimental populations maintained for >250 generations of experimental evolution to a nutritionally poor larval diet (Selected populations) evolved several-fold lower fiz expression compared to unselected Control populations. Here we show that this divergence in fiz expression is mediated by a cis-regulatory polymorphism. This polymorphism, originally sampled from a natural population in Switzerland, is distinct from a second cis-regulatory SNP previously identified in non-African D. melanogaster populations, implying that two independent cis-regulatory variants promoting high fiz expression segregate in non-African populations. Enzymatic analyses of Fiz protein expressed in E. coli demonstrate that it has ecdysone oxidase activity acting on both ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Four of five fiz paralogs annotated to ecdysteroid metabolism also show reduced expression in Selected larvae, implying that malnutrition-driven selection favored general downregulation of ecdysone oxidases. Finally, as an independent test of the role of fiz in poor diet adaptation, we show that fiz knockdown by RNAi results in faster larval growth on the poor diet, but at the cost of greatly reduced survival. These results imply that downregulation of fiz in Selected populations was favored by selection on the nutritionally poor diet because of its role in suppressing growth in response to nutrient shortage. However, they suggest that fiz downregulation is only adaptive in combination with other changes evolved by Selected populations, which ensure that the organism can sustain the faster growth promoted by fiz downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Cavigliasso
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- HumanaFly Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Berra Erkosar
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loriane Savary
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tadeusz J. Kawecki
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Lao J, Sun Y, Hua X, Lin P, Wang F, Shen G, Zhao P, Xia Q. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of BmEcKL1 Gene Sequence Affected Silk Gland Development of Silkworms ( Bombyx mori). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1907. [PMID: 38339188 PMCID: PMC10856159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) has served humankind through silk protein production. However, traditional sericulture and the silk industry have encountered considerable bottlenecks and must rely on major technological breakthroughs to keep up with the current rapid developments. The adoption of gene editing technology has nevertheless brought new hope to traditional sericulture and the silk industry. The long period and low efficiency of traditional genetic breeding methods to obtain high silk-yielding silkworm strains have hindered the development of the sericulture industry; the use of gene editing technology to specifically control the expression of genes related to silk gland development or silk protein synthesis is beneficial for obtaining silkworm strains with excellent traits. In this study, BmEcKL1 was specifically knocked out in the middle (MSGs) and posterior (PSGs) silk glands using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and ΔBmEcKL1-MSG and ΔBmEcKL1-PSG strains with improved MSGs and PSGs and increased silk production were obtained. This work identifies and proves that BmEcKL1 directly or indirectly participates in silk gland development and silk protein synthesis, providing new perspectives for investigating silk gland development and silk protein synthesis mechanisms in silkworms, which is of great significance for selecting and breeding high silk-yielding silkworm varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Junjie Lao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yue Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (P.L.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification of Genes Involved in Resistance to High Exogenous 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera litura. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030297. [PMID: 35323595 PMCID: PMC8955939 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the most active insect ecdysteroids, is also a major form of phytoecdysteroids in some plants. The phytoecdysteroid from plant is generally considered as defensive weapon to prevent ingestion by phytophagous insects. Conversely, insects also evolved resistance mechanisms to combat the plant defensive system. In this study, we dissected the molecular mechanism to explain how noctuid pest (Spodoptera litura) resist high dosage of 20E. Besides, comparative transcriptomic analysis using two noctuid insects (S. litura and Helicoverpa armigera) also revealed that different species always ultilized various starategies to tolerate ingested hormone. Abstract To prevent their ingestion by phytophagous insects, plants produce secondary metabolites as defensive weapons. Conversely, insects need to counter these metabolites to survive. Different species, though they are closely related, can evolve distinct strategies to resist plant-derived factors. However, the mechanism under this high divergence resistance is still unclear at a molecular level. In this study, we focus on how Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) detoxifies phytoecdysteroids, a class of metabolites capable of disrupting the normal development of insects. Firstly, we find that the S. litura show resistance to artificial foods containing a high level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the major form of phytoecdysteroids, without any adverse effects on growth and development. Furthermore, a comparative transcriptomic analysis between S. litura and another noctuid insect (Helicoverpa armigera) was performed. Almost all known ecdysteroid degradation pathways including 3-epimerization, 22-phosphorylation, 22-esterification, and 26-hydroxylation were upregulated in the midgut of 20E treated S. litura larvae, whereas only 22-esterification and 26-hydroxylation were enhanced in H. armigera larvae. In summary, though both species belong to the Noctuidae family, they evolved two different strategies to tolerate a high dosage of ingested 20E.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamiyama T, Niwa R. Transcriptional Regulators of Ecdysteroid Biosynthetic Enzymes and Their Roles in Insect Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:823418. [PMID: 35211033 PMCID: PMC8863297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.823418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are responsible for coordinating many aspects of biological processes in most multicellular organisms, including insects. Ecdysteroid, the principal insect steroid hormone, is biosynthesized from dietary cholesterol or plant sterols. In the last 20 years, a number of ecdysteroidogenic enzymes, including Noppera-bo, Neverland, Shroud, Spook/Spookier, Cyp6t3, Phantom, Disembodied, Shadow, and Shade, have been identified and characterized in molecular genetic studies using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. These enzymes are encoded by genes collectively called the Halloween genes. The transcriptional regulatory network, governed by multiple regulators of transcription, chromatin remodeling, and endoreplication, has been shown to be essential for the spatiotemporal expression control of Halloween genes in D. melanogaster. In this review, we summarize the latest information on transcriptional regulators that are crucial for controlling the expression of ecdysteroid biosynthetic enzymes and their roles in insect development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kamiyama
- College of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
You L, Li Z, Zhang Z, Hu B, Yu Y, Yang F, Tan A. Two dehydroecdysone reductases act as fat body-specific 20E catalyzers in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:100-110. [PMID: 34018323 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Periodic post-embryonic changes in insects, including growth, development and metamorphosis, are strictly controlled by many compounds, including steroid hormones. The biosynthesis and clearance of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the major active form of the insect steroid hormone ecdysone, result in titer fluctuations that help control insect development. The inactivation of 20E in the silkworm Bombyx mori is highly tissue-specific, with CYP18A1 and ecdysone oxidase controlling 20E inactivation specifically in the mid-silk gland and midgut, respectively. Here, we characterized silkworm 3-dehydroecdysone 3α reductase (Bm3DE3α) and 3-dehydroecdysone 3β reductase (Bm3DE3β), two enzymes involved predominantly in the C-3-mediated catalysis of 20E in fat bodies. The ubiquitous and silk gland-specific overexpression of Bm3DE3α decreased the 20E titer, resulting in larval lethality and larval-pupal transition failure, respectively. In contrast, the ubiquitous and mid-silk gland-specific overexpression of Bm3DE3β increased the 20E titer, resulting in larval growth delays and lethality at the mid-fifth larval stage, respectively. Thus, Bm3DE3α and Bm3DE3β mediate fat body-specific steroid hormone metabolism in B. mori, indicating that highly diversified 20E metabolism-related mechanisms exist in different insect species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212100, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Wang YH, Liu ZL, Wang YQ, He L, Li K, Huang YP. Disruption of egg-specific protein causes female sterility in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:128-138. [PMID: 33629486 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yolk proteins are the main source of nutrients during embryonic and early larval development in oviparous animals. Therefore, vitellogenesis is crucial for reproduction. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a model lepidopteran insect in which there are three yolk proteins: vitellin, 30-kDa protein, and egg-specific protein (Esp). In this study, we explored the gene function of Esp through transgenic clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology-mediated mutations in the silkworm. We found that Esp mutation resulted in female sterility but had no effect on male fertility. Female mutants could lay eggs after mating, but the eggs were smaller and lighter colored than those laid by wild-type females. The most important finding is that the eggs laid by female mutants did not hatch. Furthermore, we observed stable inheritance of female sterility caused by Esp mutation through successive generations. Thus, Esp encodes a yolk protein that is crucial for female reproductive success and is a potential target for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zu-Lian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad S, Cui D, Zhong G, Liu J. Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:759439. [PMID: 34925268 PMCID: PMC8675359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.759439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism's the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hemolymph Ecdysteroid Titer Affects Maternal mRNAs during Bombyx mori Oogenesis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110969. [PMID: 34821770 PMCID: PMC8622876 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Both maternal genes and ecdysteroids play important roles during embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to characterize the dynamic landscape of maternal mRNAs and the relationship between maternal genes and ecdysteroids during silkworm oogenesis. For the first time, we determined the start of the accumulation of maternal mRNAs in the ovary at the wandering stage during the larval period. We detected the developmental expression profiles of each gene in the ovary or ovariole. We finally confirmed the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone in regulating maternal gene expression. Taken together, our findings expand the understanding of insect oogenesis and provide a perspective on the embryonic development of the silkworm. Abstract Silkworm larval–pupal metamorphosis and the first half of pupal–adult development occur during oogenesis from previtellogenesis to vitellogenesis and include two peaks of the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer. Moreover, a rise in 20-hydroxyecdysone titer in early pupae can trigger the first major transition from previtellogenesis to vitellogenesis in silkworm oogenesis. In this study, we first investigated the expression patterns of 66 maternal genes in the ovary at the wandering stage. We then examined the developmental expression profiles in six time-series samples of ovaries or ovarioles by reverse transcription–quantitative PCR. We found that the transcripts of 22 maternal genes were regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the isolated abdomens of the pupae following a single injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone. This study is the first to determine the relationship between 20-hydroxyecdysone and maternal genes during silkworm oogenesis. These findings provide a basis for further research into the embryonic development of Bombyx mori.
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of Endocrine System in the Regulation of Female Insect Reproduction. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070614. [PMID: 34356469 PMCID: PMC8301000 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proper synthesis and functioning of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JHs) are very important for the regulation of vitellogenesis and oogenesis. However, their role and function contrast among different orders, and even in the same insect order. For example, the JH is the main hormone that regulates vitellogenesis in hemimetabolous insect orders, which include Orthoptera, Blattodea, and Hemiptera, while ecdysteroids regulate the vitellogenesis among the insect orders of Diptera, some Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. These endocrine hormones also regulate each other. Even at some specific stage of insect life, they positively regulate each other, while at other stages of insect life, they negatively control each other. Such positive and negative interaction of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and JH is also discussed in this review article to better understand the role of these hormones in regulating the reproduction. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to deeply understand the complex interaction of endocrine hormones with each other and with the insulin signaling pathway. The role of microbiomes in the regulation of the insect endocrine system is also reviewed, as the endocrine hormones are significantly affected by the compounds produced by the microbiota.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamaidia K, Soltani N. Methoxyfenozide, a Molting Hormone Agonist, Affects Autogeny Capacity, Oviposition, Fecundity, and Fertility in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1004-1011. [PMID: 33247298 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of methoxyfenozide (RH-2485), an insect growth disrupter (IGD) belonging to molting hormone agonist class, against female adults of Culex pipiens L. under laboratory conditions. Lethal concentrations (LC50 = 24.54 µg/liter and LC90 = 70.79 µg/liter), previously determined against fourth instar larvae, were tested for adult female fertility, fecundity and oviposition after tarsal contact before mating and any bloodmeal. Methoxyfenozide was found to alter negatively their autogeny capacity and oviposition. A strong reduction of 56% and 72% (P < 0.001) in females' autogeny capacity was observed in both treated series, respectively. Alteration in oviposition were found to be higher with LC90 (OAI-LC90 = -0.62) than with the LC50 (OAI-LC50 = -0.42). Also fecundity and hatching rate (fertility) were significantly reduced in treated series as compared to controls. A significant reduction of 37.65 and 28.23% in fecundity and decrease of 56.85 and 71.87% in fertility were found, respectively in LC50 and LC90 treated series. Obtained data clearly demonstrated that methoxyfenozide have significant depressive effect on reproductive potential against medically important vector with minimizing ecotoxicological risks in mosquitoes management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Hamaidia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Soltani
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu SH, Chen CH, Lin PL. Changes in expressions of ecdysteroidogenic enzyme and ecdysteroid signaling genes in relation to Bombyx embryonic development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:477-488. [PMID: 33929096 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of ecdysteroids in regulating egg diapause process in Bombyx mori is well documented, temporal changes in expression levels of genes involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and its downstream signaling are less well understood. In the present study, we studied changes in expression levels of genes involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and its downstream signaling during embryonic development of B. mori. Results showed that in diapause eggs, the expression of ecdysteroid-phosphate phosphatase (EPPase) gene and Halloween genes (Spook [Spo] and Shade [Shd]) remained at very low levels. However, in eggs whose diapause initiation was prevented by HCl, significant increases in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of EPPase, Spo, and Shd were detected during embryonic development. Other Halloween genes (Neverland [Nvd] and Phantom [Phm]) also showed different changes between diapause and HCl-treated eggs. However, genes of Disembodied (Dib) and Shadow (Sad) showed similar changes in both diapause and HCl-treated eggs. We further investigated changes in expression levels of ecdysone receptor genes (EcRA, EcRB1, and USP) and downstream signaling genes (E75A, E75B, E74A, E74B, Br-C, HR3, HR4, KR-H1, and FTZ-F1). Results showed that genes of EcRA and the other nuclear receptors (E75A, E75B, E74A, HR3, HR4, KR-H1, and FTZ-F1) exhibited significant differential patterns between diapause and HCl-treated eggs, with increased levels being detected during later stages of embryonic development in HCl-treated eggs. Differential temporal changes in expressions of genes involved ecdysteroid biosynthesis and its downstream signaling found between diapause and HCl-treated eggs were further confirmed using nondiapause eggs. Our results showed that nondiapause eggs exhibited the same changing patterns as those in HCl-treated eggs, thus clearly indicating potential correlations between expressions of these genes and embryonic development in B. mori. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report to study the transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroidogenic and ecdysteroid signaling genes, thus providing useful information for a clearer understanding of insect egg diapause mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Gu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Lin
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vieira CS, Figueiredo MB, Moraes CDS, Pereira SB, Dyson P, Mello CB, Castro DP, Azambuja P. Azadirachtin interferes with basal immunity and microbial homeostasis in the Rhodnius prolixus midgut. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103864. [PMID: 32918931 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is an insect vector of two flagellate parasites, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi, the latter being the causative agent of Chagas disease in Latin America. The R. prolixus neuroendocrine system regulates the synthesis of the steroid hormone ecdysone, which is essential for not only development and molting but also insect immunity. Knowledge for how this modulates R. prolixus midgut immune responses is essential for understanding interactions between the vector, its parasites and symbiotic microbes. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of ecdysone inhibition on R. prolixus humoral immunity and homeostasis with its microbiota, using the triterpenoid natural product, azadirachtin. Our results demonstrated that azadirachtin promoted a fast and lasting inhibitory effect on expression of both RpRelish, a nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor (NF-kB) component of the IMD pathway, and several antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. On the other hand, RpDorsal, encoding the equivalent NF-kB transcription factor in the Toll pathway, and the defC AMP gene were upregulated later in azadirachtin treated insects. The treatment also impacted on proliferation of Serratia marcescens, an abundant commensal bacterium. The simultaneous administration of ecdysone and azadirachtin in R. prolixus blood meals counteracted the azadirachtin effects on insect molting and also on expression of RpRelish and AMPs genes. These results support the direct involvement of ecdysone in regulation of the IMD pathway in the Rhodnius prolixus gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Stahl Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline da Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen Bastos Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paul Dyson
- School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Cícero Brasileiro Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Pereira Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Azambuja
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu X, Bi H, Wang Y, Li X, Xu J, Liu Z, He L, Li K, Huang Y. Disruption of the ovarian serine protease (Osp) gene causes female sterility in Bombyx mori and Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1245-1255. [PMID: 31595658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise regulation of oogenesis is crucial to female reproduction. Seventy percent of pests belong to lepidopteran species, so it would be interesting to explore the highly conserved genes involved in oogenesis that do not affect growth and development in the lepidopteran model, Bombyx mori. This can provide potential target genes for pest control and promote the development of insect sterility technology. RESULTS In lepidopteran species, ovarian serine protease (Osp), which encodes a member of the serine protease family, is essential for oogenesis. In this study, we used transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 technology to obtain Osp mutants in the model lepidopteran insect Bombyx mori and in the lepidopteran agricultural pest Spodoptera litura. Sequence analysis of mutants revealed an array of deletions in Osp loci in both species. We found that the deletion of Osp resulted in female sterility, whereas male fertility was not affected. Although B. mori and S. litura mutant females mated normally, they laid fewer eggs than wild-type females and eggs did not hatch. CONCLUSION Osp is crucial for female reproductive success in two species of Lepidoptera. As the Osp gene is highly conserved in insect species, this gene is a potential molecular target for genetic-based pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglun Bi
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zulian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao B, Song XQ, Yu H, Fu DY, Xu J, Ye H. Mating-Induced Differential Expression in Genes Related to Reproduction and Immunity in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Female Moths. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 32092133 PMCID: PMC7039226 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mating promotes reproductive activity, which may impact immune performance. Paradoxically, mating frequently challenges females' immunity (e.g., infections). Therefore, studies of postmating resource allocation between reproduction and survival are likely to shed new light on life-history trade-off and sexual selection. Here, we used RNAseq to test whether and how mating affected mRNA expression in genes related to reproduction and immunity in Spodoptera litura female moths. Results show a divergent change in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between reproduction and immunity: the immune response was largely downregulated shortly after mating (~6 h postmating), which has some recovery at 24 h postmating; reproductive response is trivial shortly after mating (~6 h postmating), but it largely upregulated at 24 h postmating (e.g., egg maturation related genes were highly upregulated). Considering the fact that most of the total DEGs downregulated from 0 to 6 h postmating (from 51/68 to 214/260) but most of the total DEGs upregulated at 24 h postmating (816/928), it is possible that trade-offs between reproduction and immunity occurred in mated females. For example, they may shut down immunity to favor sperm storage and save limited resources to support the increased energy required in reproduction (e.g., egg maturation and oviposition). Mating-induced infections should be trivial due to low polyandry in S. litura. A reduced immune defense may have no threat to S. litura survival but may benefit reproduction significantly. Furthermore, obvious expression changes were detected in genes related to hormone production, suggesting that endocrine changes could play important roles in postmating responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Song
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|