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Yao Q, Yang Q, Li Z, Wu F, Duan S, Cao M, Chen X, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. Methylosome protein 50 is necessary for oogenesis in medaka. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101220. [PMID: 38432104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) functions as a partner to protein arginine methyltransferase 5. MEP50 serves as a coactivator for both the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in humans. Mep50 plays a crucial role in the development of germ cells in Drosophila. The precise role of Mep50 in oogenesis remains unclear in vertebrates. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Mep50 in oogenesis in medaka fish. Disruption of Mep50 resulted in impaired oogenesis and the formation of multiple oocyte follicles in medaka. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in the mutant ovary, with 4542 genes up-regulated and 1264 genes down-regulated. The regulated genes were found to be enriched in cellular matrices and ECM-receptor interaction, the Notch signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the Jak-Stat pathway, among others. In addition, the genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, steroid metabolism, and IGF system were impacted. Furthermore, the mutation of mep50 caused significant alterations in alternative splicing of pre-mRNA in ovarian cells. Quantitative RT-PCR results validated the findings from RNA-seq analysis in the specific genes, including akt2, map3k5, yap1, fshr, cyp17a, igf1, ythdc2, cdk6, and col1, among others. The findings of this study demonstrate that Mep50 plays a crucial role in oogenesis, participating in a diverse range of biological processes such as steroid metabolism, cell matrix regulation, and signal pathways. This may be achieved through the regulation of gene expression via mRNA splicing in medaka ovarian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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2
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Bauer M, Schöbel CM, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B, Jasinski-Bergner S. Deciphering the role of alternative splicing in neoplastic diseases for immune-oncological therapies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386993. [PMID: 38736877 PMCID: PMC11082354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important molecular biological mechanism regulated by complex mechanisms involving a plethora of cis and trans-acting elements. Furthermore, AS is tissue specific and altered in various pathologies, including infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Recently developed immuno-oncological therapies include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting, among others, immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules. Despite therapeutic successes have been demonstrated, only a limited number of patients showed long-term benefit from these therapies with tumor entity-related differential response rates were observed. Interestingly, splice variants of common immunotherapeutic targets generated by AS are able to completely escape and/or reduce the efficacy of mAb- and/or CAR-based tumor immunotherapies. Therefore, the analyses of splicing patterns of targeted molecules in tumor specimens prior to therapy might help correct stratification, thereby increasing therapy success by antibody panel selection and antibody dosages. In addition, the expression of certain splicing factors has been linked with the patients' outcome, thereby highlighting their putative prognostic potential. Outstanding questions are addressed to translate the findings into clinical application. This review article provides an overview of the role of AS in (tumor) diseases, its molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance, and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chiara-Maria Schöbel
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Department of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Development & Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) Design, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wu Y, Chen N, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Fan H, Wang H. Zygotic Splicing Activation of the Transcriptome is a Crucial Aspect of Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition and Required for the Conversion from Totipotency to Pluripotency. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308496. [PMID: 38308190 PMCID: PMC11005748 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
During maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in the embryo, mRNA undergoes complex post-transcriptional regulatory processes. However, it is unclear whether and how alternative splicing plays a functional role in MZT. By analyzing transcriptome changes in mouse and human early embryos, dynamic changes in alternative splicing during MZT are observed and a previously unnoticed process of zygotic splicing activation (ZSA) following embryonic transcriptional activation is described. As the underlying mechanism of RNA splicing, splicing factors undergo dramatic maternal-to-zygotic conversion. This conversion relies on the key maternal factors BTG4 and PABPN1L and is zygotic-transcription-dependent. CDK11-dependent phosphorylation of the key splicing factor, SF3B1, and its aggregation with SRSF2 in the subnuclear domains of 2-cell embryos are prerequisites for ZSA. Isoforms generated by erroneous splicing, such as full-length Dppa4, hinder normal embryonic development. Moreover, alternative splicing regulates the conversion of early embryonic blastomeres from totipotency to pluripotency, thereby affecting embryonic lineage differentiation. ZSA is an essential post-transcriptional process of MZT and has physiological significance in generating new life. In addition to transcriptional activation, appropriate expression of transcript isoforms is also necessary for preimplantation embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal VirologyCenter for Veterinary SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhe‐Wei Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal VirologyCenter for Veterinary SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yun‐Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Nuo Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yi‐Min Zhu
- Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310002China
| | - Yuan‐Song Yu
- Savaid Stomatology SchoolHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310053China
| | - Heng‐Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Assisted Reproduction UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
- Center for Biomedical ResearchShaoxing InstituteZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - Hua‐Nan Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal VirologyCenter for Veterinary SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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4
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Sarhadi M, Pahlavani E, Hosseini Razavi N, Ghadyani F, Abdollahi Z, Sarhadi S, Sabeti Akbar Abad M, Shahriari H, Majidpour M. IL-18 and CD14 variants in chronic HBV predisposition: a case-control study with in silico analyses focused on transcription and splicing. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38459706 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2326132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a vaccine-avoidable infection, is a health concern worldwide, leading to liver disorders such as acute self-constraint and chronic hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. 'Immunogeneticprofiling', genetic variations of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines responsible for regulating the immune responses, cause person-to-person differences and impact the clinical manifestation of the disease. The current experimental-bioinformatics research was conducted to examine whether promoteric IL-18-rs187238 C > G and -rs1946518 T > G and intronic CD14-rs2569190 A > G variations are associated with chronic HBV. A total of 400 individuals (200 in each case and control group) participated in the study and were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The data was also assessed bioinformatics-wise for conservation, genomic transcription and splicing, and protein interactions. Findings proposed that unlike the IL-18-rs1946518 T > G and CD14-rs2569190 A > G, the IL-18-rs187238 C > G is a protector against chronic HBV (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.46-0.83, and p = 0.002). The TG/CC/AA, TG/CC/AG, TT/CC/AG, and GG/CC/AA combined genotypes significantly increased chronic HBV risk (p < 0.05), while the IL-18 G/T and G/G haplotypes lessened it (p < 0.05). Moreover, IL-18-rs1946518 T > G is in the protected genomic regions across mammalian species. In contrast to the IL-18-rs1946518 T > G, IL-18-rs187238 C > G is likely to create novel binding sites for transcription factors, and the CD14-rs2569190 A > G presumably changed the ribonucleic acid splicing pattern. More research on larger populations and other ethnicities is required to authenticate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Elham Pahlavani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Hosseini Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sarhadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Sabeti Akbar Abad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahriari
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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5
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Ma HL, Bizet M, Soares Da Costa C, Murisier F, de Bony EJ, Wang MK, Yoshimi A, Lin KT, Riching KM, Wang X, Beckman JI, Arya S, Droin N, Calonne E, Hassabi B, Zhang QY, Li A, Putmans P, Malbec L, Hubert C, Lan J, Mies F, Yang Y, Solary E, Daniels DL, Gupta YK, Deplus R, Abdel-Wahab O, Yang YG, Fuks F. SRSF2 plays an unexpected role as reader of m 5C on mRNA, linking epitranscriptomics to cancer. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4239-4254.e10. [PMID: 38065062 PMCID: PMC11090011 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A common mRNA modification is 5-methylcytosine (m5C), whose role in gene-transcript processing and cancer remains unclear. Here, we identify serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) as a reader of m5C and impaired SRSF2 m5C binding as a potential contributor to leukemogenesis. Structurally, we identify residues involved in m5C recognition and the impact of the prevalent leukemia-associated mutation SRSF2P95H. We show that SRSF2 binding and m5C colocalize within transcripts. Furthermore, knocking down the m5C writer NSUN2 decreases mRNA m5C, reduces SRSF2 binding, and alters RNA splicing. We also show that the SRSF2P95H mutation impairs the ability of the protein to read m5C-marked mRNA, notably reducing its binding to key leukemia-related transcripts in leukemic cells. In leukemia patients, low NSUN2 expression leads to mRNA m5C hypomethylation and, combined with SRSF2P95H, predicts poor outcomes. Altogether, we highlight an unrecognized mechanistic link between epitranscriptomics and a key oncogenesis driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Ma
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Christelle Soares Da Costa
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Murisier
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Eric James de Bony
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Meng-Ke Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kuan-Ting Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - John I Beckman
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shailee Arya
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1287, and Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Emilie Calonne
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Bouchra Hassabi
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Qing-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pascale Putmans
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Lionel Malbec
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Céline Hubert
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Jie Lan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Frédérique Mies
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric Solary
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1287, and Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif 94800, France
| | | | - Yogesh K Gupta
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rachel Deplus
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - François Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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6
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Sheng M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang X, Ke T, Liu P, Wang S, Shao W. Decoding the role of aberrant RNA alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17691-17708. [PMID: 37898981 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
During eukaryotic gene expression, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is critical in increasing protein diversity and regulatory complexity. Multiple transcript isoforms could be produced by alternative splicing from a single gene; they could eventually be translated into protein isoforms with deleted, added, or altered domains or produce transcripts containing premature termination codons that could be targeted by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Alternative splicing can generate proteins with similar, different, or even opposite functions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates that abnormal RNA splicing is a prevalent and crucial occurrence in cellular differentiation, tissue advancement, and the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant alternative splicing could affect cancer cell activities such as growth, apoptosis, invasiveness, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of abnormal RNA alternative splicing on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tiaoying Ke
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pingyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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7
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Luo SH, Tian JM, Chu Y, Zhu HY, Ni JD, Huang J. The BRD4-SRPK2-SRSF2 signal modulates the splicing efficiency of ACSL3 pre-mRNA and influences erastin-induced ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:760. [PMID: 37993451 PMCID: PMC10665344 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is the key to ferroptosis susceptibility. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in osteosarcoma cells. Functional restriction of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) reduced the susceptibility to erastin-induced ferroptosis of osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, BRD4 controls the splicing efficiency of the RNA precursor (pre-mACSL3) of ACSL3 (ACSL3) by recruiting serinerich/threonine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) to assemble the splicing catalytic platform. Moreover, the AMP-binding domain of ACSL3 significantly influences arachidonic acid synthesis and thus determines the susceptibility to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Overall, we found a BRD4-mediated pre-mACSL3 splicing influences erastin-induced ferroptosis by affecting arachidonic acid synthesis in osteosarcoma cells. Data in this study fills some of the gap in understanding the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of ACSL3 and provides new insights into the mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation and its effect on susceptibility to ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hong Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Ming Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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8
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Solana‐Balaguer J, Martín‐Flores N, Garcia‐Segura P, Campoy‐Campos G, Pérez‐Sisqués L, Chicote‐González A, Fernández‐Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Pérez‐Navarro E, Alberch J, Malagelada C. RTP801 mediates transneuronal toxicity in culture via extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12378. [PMID: 37932242 PMCID: PMC10627824 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, participating in the paracrine trophic support or in the propagation of toxic molecules, including proteins. RTP801 is a stress-regulated protein, whose levels are elevated during neurodegeneration and induce neuron death. However, whether RTP801 toxicity is transferred trans-neuronally via EVs remains unknown. Hence, we overexpressed or silenced RTP801 protein in cultured cortical neurons, isolated their derived EVs (RTP801-EVs or shRTP801-EVs, respectively), and characterized EVs protein content by mass spectrometry (MS). RTP801-EVs toxicity was assessed by treating cultured neurons with these EVs and quantifying apoptotic neuron death and branching. We also tested shRTP801-EVs functionality in the pathologic in vitro model of 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Expression of RTP801 increased the number of EVs released by neurons. Moreover, RTP801 led to a distinct proteomic signature of neuron-derived EVs, containing more pro-apoptotic markers. Hence, we observed that RTP801-induced toxicity was transferred to neurons via EVs, activating apoptosis and impairing neuron morphology complexity. In contrast, shRTP801-EVs were able to increase the arborization in recipient neurons. The 6-OHDA neurotoxin elevated levels of RTP801 in EVs, and 6-OHDA-derived EVs lost the mTOR/Akt signalling activation via Akt and RPS6 downstream effectors. Interestingly, EVs derived from neurons where RTP801 was silenced prior to exposing them to 6-OHDA maintained Akt and RPS6 transactivation in recipient neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that RTP801-induced toxicity is transferred via EVs, and therefore, it could contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, in which RTP801 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Solana‐Balaguer
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Martín‐Flores
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pol Garcia‐Segura
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Genís Campoy‐Campos
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Leticia Pérez‐Sisqués
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Almudena Chicote‐González
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored‐ISCIIIProteomics UnitNavarrabiomed, Departamento de SaludUPNAIdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | - Esther Pérez‐Navarro
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBneuro)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)BarcelonaSpain
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9
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Lei WL, Du Z, Meng TG, Su R, Li YY, Liu W, Sun SM, Liu MY, Hou Y, Zhang CH, Gui Y, Schatten H, Han Z, Liu C, Sun F, Wang ZB, Qian WP, Sun QY. SRSF2 is required for mRNA splicing during spermatogenesis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37867192 PMCID: PMC10591377 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA splicing plays significant roles in fundamental biological activities. However, our knowledge about the roles of alternative splicing and underlying mechanisms during spermatogenesis is limited. RESULTS Here, we report that Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), also known as SC35, plays critical roles in alternative splicing and male reproduction. Male germ cell-specific deletion of Srsf2 by Stra8-Cre caused complete infertility and defective spermatogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Srsf2 disrupted differentiation and meiosis initiation of spermatogonia. Mechanistically, by combining RNA-seq data with LACE-seq data, we showed that SRSF2 regulatory networks play critical roles in several major events including reproductive development, spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle, synapse organization, DNA recombination, chromosome segregation, and male sex differentiation. Furthermore, SRSF2 affected expression and alternative splicing of Stra8, Stag3 and Atr encoding critical factors for spermatogenesis in a direct manner. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that SRSF2 has important functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Lei
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #3 Qingchun East Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zongchang Du
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hongkong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, #466 Xin-Gang-Zhong-Lu, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Ruibao Su
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hongkong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, #466 Xin-Gang-Zhong-Lu, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Si-Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meng-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #3 Qingchun East Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hongkong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, #466 Xin-Gang-Zhong-Lu, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
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10
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Reynolds SB, Pettit K, Kandarpa M, Talpaz M, Li Q. Exploring the Molecular Landscape of Myelofibrosis, with a Focus on Ras and Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4654. [PMID: 37760623 PMCID: PMC10527328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized clinically by cytopenias, fatigue, and splenomegaly stemming from extramedullary hematopoiesis. MF commonly arises from mutations in JAK2, MPL, and CALR, which manifests as hyperactive Jak/Stat signaling. Triple-negative MF is diagnosed in the absence of JAK2, MPL, and CALR but when clinical, morphologic criteria are met and other mutation(s) is/are present, including ASXL1, EZH2, and SRSF2. While the clinical and classic molecular features of MF are well-established, emerging evidence indicates that additional mutations, specifically within the Ras/MAP Kinase signaling pathway, are present and may play important role in disease pathogenesis and treatment response. KRAS and NRAS mutations alone are reportedly present in up to 15 and 14% of patients with MF (respectively), and other mutations predicted to activate Ras signaling, such as CBL, NF1, BRAF, and PTPN11, collectively exist in as much as 21% of patients. Investigations into the prevalence of RAS and related pathway mutations in MF and the mechanisms by which they contribute to its pathogenesis are critical in better understanding this condition and ultimately in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Reynolds
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Kristen Pettit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Malathi Kandarpa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Qing Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (K.P.); (M.T.)
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11
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Singh P. MicroRNA based combinatorial therapy against TKIs resistant CML by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:300. [PMID: 37713129 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by presence of Philadelphia chromosome, which harbors BCR-ABL oncogene responsible for encoding BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This oncoprotein interferes with cellular signaling pathways, resulting in tumor progression. Among these pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is significantly upregulated in CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard therapy for CML, and they have shown remarkable efficacy. However, emergence of TKIs drug resistance has necessitated investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Components of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as attractive targets in this context, as this pathway is known to be activated in TKIs-resistant CML cells/patients. Inhibiting this pathway may provide a complementary approach to improving TKIs' efficacy and treatment outcomes. Given previous research indicating that miRNAs play an inhibitory role in cancer, current study used computational tools to identify miRNAs that specifically target pathway's core components. A comprehensive analysis was performed, resulting in identification of 111 miRNAs that potentially target PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. From this extensive list, 7 miRNAs was selected for further investigation based on their consistent downregulation across leukemia subtypes. Except for hsa-miR-199a-3p, remaining six miRNAs have been extensively studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given high similarity between AML and CML, it is believed that six miRNAs which are not studied in context of CML may also be advantageous for curing chemoresistance in CML. Building upon this knowledge, it is reasonable to speculate that a combination therapy approach involving use of miRNAs alongside TKIs may offer improved therapy for TKIs-resistant CML compared to TKIs monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India.
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12
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Li D, Yu W, Lai M. Targeting serine- and arginine-rich splicing factors to rectify aberrant alternative splicing. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103691. [PMID: 37385370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Serine- and arginine-rich splicing factors are pivotal modulators of constitutive splicing and alternative splicing that bind to the cis-acting elements in precursor mRNAs and facilitate the recruitment and assembly of the spliceosome. Meanwhile, SR proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm with a broad implication in multiple RNA-metabolizing events. Recent studies have demonstrated the positive correlation of overexpression and/or hyperactivation of SR proteins and development of the tumorous phenotype, indicating the therapeutic potentials of targeting SR proteins. In this review, we highlight key findings concerning the physiological and pathological roles of SR proteins. We have also investigated small molecules and oligonucleotides that effectively modulate the functions of SR proteins, which could benefit future studies of SR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU042), Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Li M, Thorne RF, Wang R, Cao L, Cheng F, Sun X, Wu M, Ma J, Liu L. Sestrin2-mediated disassembly of stress granules dampens aerobic glycolysis to overcome glucose starvation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:127. [PMID: 37059726 PMCID: PMC10103035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are a small gene family of pleiotropic factors whose actions promote cell adaptation to a range of stress conditions. In this report we disclose the selective role of Sestrin2 (SESN2) in dampening aerobic glycolysis to adapt to limiting glucose conditions. Removal of glucose from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells inhibits glycolysis associated with the downregulation of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2). Moreover, the accompanying upregulation of SESN2 through an NRF2/ATF4-dependent mechanism plays a direct role in HK2 regulation by destabilizing HK2 mRNA. We show SESN2 competes with insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) for binding with the 3'-UTR region of HK2 mRNA. Interactions between IGF2BP3 and HK2 mRNA result in their coalescence into stress granules via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process which serves to stabilize HK2 mRNA. Conversely, the enhanced expression and cytoplasmic localization of SESN2 under glucose deprivation conditions favors the downregulation of HK2 levels via decreases in the half-life of HK2 mRNA. The resulting dampening of glucose uptake and glycolytic flux inhibits cell proliferation and protect cells from glucose starvation-induced apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our findings reveal an intrinsic survival mechanism allowing cancer cells to overcome chronic glucose shortages, also providing new mechanistic insights into SESN2 as an RNA-binding protein with a role in reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Leixi Cao
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuedan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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14
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Li K, Wang Z. Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959729. [PMID: 36268018 PMCID: PMC9577297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion caused by continuous antigen stimulation in chronic viral infections and the tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to successful elimination of viruses and tumor cells. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors should reverse T cell exhaustion, shortcomings, such as off-target effects and single targets, limit their application. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular targets in effector T cells that simultaneously regulate the expression of multiple immune checkpoints. Over the past few years, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been shown to participate in the immune response against viral infections and tumors. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and tumorigenesis. We hope that this review will stimulate research to provide more precise and effective immunotherapies against viral infections and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ziqiang Wang,
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15
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A critical update on the strategies towards small molecule inhibitors targeting Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and Serine/arginine-rich proteins related kinases in alternative splicing. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116921. [PMID: 35863237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
>90% of genes in the human body undergo alternative splicing (AS) after transcription, which enriches protein species and regulates protein levels. However, there is growing evidence that various genetic isoforms resulting from dysregulated alternative splicing are prevalent in various types of cancers. Dysregulated alternative splicing leads to cancer generation and maintenance of cancer properties such as proliferation differentiation, apoptosis inhibition, invasion metastasis, and angiogenesis. Serine/arginine-rich proteins and SR protein-associated kinases mediate splice site recognition and splice complex assembly during variable splicing. Based on the impact of dysregulated alternative splicing on disease onset and progression, the search for small molecule inhibitors targeting alternative splicing is imminent. In this review, we discuss the structure and specific biological functions of SR proteins and describe the regulation of SR protein function by SR protein related kinases meticulously, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancers. On this basis, we summarize the reported small molecule inhibitors targeting SR proteins and SR protein related kinases from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. We mainly categorize small molecule inhibitors from four aspects, including targeting SR proteins, targeting Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases (SRPKs), targeting Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) and targeting dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs), in terms of structure, inhibition target, specific mechanism of action, biological activity, and applicable diseases. With this review, we are expected to provide a timely summary of recent advances in alternative splicing regulated by kinases and a preliminary introduction to relevant small molecule inhibitors.
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16
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Fabbri MC, Crovetti A, Tinacci L, Bertelloni F, Armani A, Mazzei M, Fratini F, Bozzi R, Cecchi F. Identification of candidate genes associated with bacterial and viral infections in wild boars hunted in Tuscany (Italy). Sci Rep 2022; 12:8145. [PMID: 35581286 PMCID: PMC9114367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) is one of the large mammals most spread worldwide, highly adaptable, and its population rapidly increased in many areas in Europe, including Italy, where Tuscany is considered particularly suitable for wild boar. Wild boars are potential hosts for different etiological agents, such as Brucella spp., Leptospira spp. and Pseudorabies virus and they can contribute to maintain and/or to disseminate some bacterial or viral pathogens to humans and domestic animals, above all-in free-range farms. In order to identify hypothetical genomic regions associated with these infection diseases, 96 samples of wild boars hunted in Tuscany during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 hunting seasons were considered. Diagnosis was achieved by serological tests and 42 Pseudorabies, 31 Leptospira and 15 Brucella positive animals were identified. All animals were genotyped with Geneseek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD (70 k) and a genome-wide scan was then performed. Significant markers were highlighted for Pseudorabies (two SNPs), Brucella (seven SNPs), and Leptospira (four SNPs) and they were located within, or nearby, 29 annotated genes on chromosome 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 18. Eight genes are implicated in viral (SEC14L1, JMJD6, SRSF2, TMPRSS2, MX1, MX2) or bacterial (COL8A1, SPIRE1) infections, seven genes (MFSD11, METTL23, CTTNBP2, BACE2, IMPA2, MPPE1 and GNAL) are involved in mental disorders and one gene (MGAT5B) is related to the Golgi complex. Results presented here provide interesting starting points for future research, validation studies and fine mapping of candidate genes involved in bacterial and viral infections in wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
| | - A Crovetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Tinacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bertelloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Armani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fratini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - F Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Exploring the multifunctionality of SR proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:187-198. [PMID: 34940860 PMCID: PMC9022966 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Members of the arginine–serine-rich protein family (SR proteins) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins that have emerged as key determinants for mRNP formation, identity and fate. They bind to pre-mRNAs early during transcription in the nucleus and accompany bound transcripts until they are translated or degraded in the cytoplasm. SR proteins are mostly known for their essential roles in constitutive splicing and as regulators of alternative splicing. However, many additional activities of individual SR proteins, beyond splicing, have been reported in recent years. We will summarize the different functions of SR proteins and discuss how multifunctionality can be achieved. We will also highlight the difficulties of studying highly versatile SR proteins and propose approaches to disentangle their activities, which is transferrable to other multifunctional RBPs.
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18
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Schorr AL, Mangone M. miRNA-Based Regulation of Alternative RNA Splicing in Metazoans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111618. [PMID: 34769047 PMCID: PMC8584187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is an important regulatory process used by genes to increase their diversity. This process is mainly executed by specific classes of RNA binding proteins that act in a dosage-dependent manner to include or exclude selected exons in the final transcripts. While these processes are tightly regulated in cells and tissues, little is known on how the dosage of these factors is achieved and maintained. Several recent studies have suggested that alternative RNA splicing may be in part modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs (~22 nt in length) that inhibit translation of specific mRNA transcripts. As evidenced in tissues and in diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders, the dysregulation of miRNA pathways disrupts downstream alternative RNA splicing events by altering the dosage of splicing factors involved in RNA splicing. This attractive model suggests that miRNAs can not only influence the dosage of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level but also indirectly interfere in pre-mRNA splicing at the co-transcriptional level. The purpose of this review is to compile and analyze recent studies on miRNAs modulating alternative RNA splicing factors, and how these events contribute to transcript rearrangements in tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Schorr
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Marco Mangone
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-965-7957
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