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Cinicola BL, Palumbo IM, Pannunzio A, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, Capponi M, Brindisi G, Salvatori F, Barillà F, Martino F, D'Amico A, Poscia R, Spalice A, Zicari AM, Violi F, Loffredo L. Low Grade Endotoxemia and Oxidative Stress in Offspring of Patients with Early Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040958. [PMID: 37107333 PMCID: PMC10135978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction are at higher cardiovascular risk, but the underlying physio-pathological mechanism is unclear. NADPH oxidase-type 2 (NOX-2) plays a pivotal role as mediator of oxidative stress and could be involved in activating platelets in these patients. Furthermore, altered intestinal permeability and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be a trigger to promote NOX-2 activation and platelet aggregation. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of low grade endotoxemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation in offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction. Methods: We enrolled, in a cross-sectional study, 46 offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction and 86 healthy subjects (HS). LPS levels and gut permeability (assessed by zonulin), oxidative stress (assessed by serum NOX-2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) release, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and isoprostanes), serum nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and platelet activation (by serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and soluble P-Selectin (sP-Selectin)) were analyzed. Results: Compared to HS, offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction had higher values of LPS, zonulin, serum isoprostanes, sNOX2-dp H2O2, TXB2, p-selectin and lower NO bioavailability. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction were LPS, TXB2 and isoprostanes. The multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that serum NOX-2, isoprostanes, p-selectin and H2O2 levels were significantly associated to LPS. Furthermore, serum LPS, isoprostanes and TXB2 levels were significantly associated with sNOX-2-dp. Conclusions: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction have a low grade endotoxemia that could generate oxidative stress and platelet activation increasing their cardiovascular risk. Future studies are needed to understand the role of dysbiosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 391, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Palumbo
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pannunzio
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerele, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Capponi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Martino
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Poscia
- Unita di Ricerca Clinica e Clinical Competence-Direzione Generale, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Lipid Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis-Old and New in Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032237. [PMID: 36768558 PMCID: PMC9916711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex group of molecules in the body, essential as structural, functional and metabolic components. When disbalanced, they are regarded as a cardiovascular risk factor, traditionally in cholesterol level evaluation. However, due to their complex nature, much research is still needed for a comprehensive understanding of their role in atherosclerosis, especially in the young. Several new lipid biomarkers are emerging, some already researched to a point, such as lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Other lipid molecules are also being increasingly researched, including oxidized forms due to oxidative inflammation in atherosclerosis, and sphingolipids. For many, even those less new, the atherogenic potential is not clear and no clinical recommendations are in place to aid the clinician in using them in everyday clinical practice. Moreover, lipids' involvement in atherogenesis in children has yet to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on lipids as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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3
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Sadulaeva IA, Yushchuk EN, Khalikova LF, Krikunova OV, Trofimenko OS, Medvedeva EG. Subclinical markers of liver damage in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 94:1367-1373. [PMID: 37167180 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.12.201993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the possibility of preclinical detection of liver damage in patients with hypertension and obesity.
Materials and methods. The study included 168 patients with hypertension aged 30 to 60 years. All patients underwent general clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination, including ultrasound of the abdominal organs with Doppler assessment of blood flow and determination of markers such as ALT, AST, TG, lipid profile indicators at inclusion, after a month, three months and nine months.
Results. Depending on the presence of obesity, all patients with hypertension were divided into two groups. Obese patients had a statistically significant increase in office blood pressure, FSI, the ratio of TG and LDL-C to HDL-C, a more significant higher average levels of glucose, TG and ALT levels, as well as impaired hepatic blood flow according to ultrasound.
Conclusion. Indicators of FSI, ALT/AST ratio, ratio of TG and LDL-С to HDL-C as well as assessment of hepatic blood flow indicators can be used for early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as they predict liver steatosis.
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Loffredo L, Violi F. Metabolic Endotoxemia and Arterial Stiffness in Diabetes. Circ Res 2022; 131:555-557. [PMID: 36048920 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Italy (L.L.)
| | - Francesco Violi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Italy (F.V.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Naples, Italy (F.V.)
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Xie Y, Liu L. Role of Chemerin/ChemR23 axis as an emerging therapeutic perspective on obesity-related vascular dysfunction. J Transl Med 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35317838 PMCID: PMC8939091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient epidemiological investigations demonstrate that there is a close correlation between obesity and vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, specific mechanisms underlying this link remain currently unclear. Given the crucial and decisive role of vascular dysfunction in multitudinous diseases, various hypotheses had been proposed and numerous experiments were being carried out. One recognized view is that increased adipokine secretion following the expanded mass of white adipose tissue due to obesity contributes to the regulation of vascular function. Chemerin, as a neo-adipokine, whose systemic level is elevated in obesity, is believed as a regulator of adipogenesis, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction via binding its cell surface receptor, chemR23. Hence, this review aims to focus on the up-to-date proof on chemerin/chemR23 axis-relevant signaling pathways, emphasize the multifarious impacts of chemerin/chemR23 axis on vascular function regulation, raise certain unsettled questions to inspire further investigations, and explore the therapeutic possibilities targeting chemerin/chemR23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Siwinska N, Janus I, Zak-Bochenek A, Noszczyk-Nowak A. Influence of Obesity on Histological Tissue Structure of the Cardiovascular System in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060732. [PMID: 35327129 PMCID: PMC8944453 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that obesity in horses can have a negative impact on their health, including endocrine disturbances. In humans, it is well known that obesity leads to structural and functional changes of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of obesity on the histological structure of the myocardial tissue, as well as great and peripheral arteries in horses. The heart, arteries (aorta, pulmonary artery and palmar arteries) specimens from 7 horses with normal BCS (4–5/9) and 12 extremely obese (BCS 9/9) draft slaughter horses were obtained for histopathological evaluation. The heart tissue and great arteries showed more intense disturbances in the architecture and vacuolization in the aorta in obese horses as compared to the healthy group. The intima in the pulmonary artery, coronary arteries and palmar arteries was thicker in the obese, rather than healthy horses. The palmar arteries in obese horses had a larger lumen diameter and the lumen-to-total diameter ratio as compared to the control group. The presented study showed a significant effect of obesity on the heart as well as the central and peripheral vessels in horses. This forms the basis for a deeper reflection on the impact of obesity on the equine body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwinska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-53-65
| | - Izabela Janus
- Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zak-Bochenek
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Circulating calcification inhibitors are associated with arterial damage in pediatric patients with primary hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2371-2382. [PMID: 33604725 PMCID: PMC8260424 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-04957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating calcification inhibitors: fetuin A (FA) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) together with soluble ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (sRANKL) have been linked to vascular calcifications and arterial damage. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between FA, OPG, sRANKL, and arterial damage in children with primary hypertension (PH). METHODS In this cross-sectional single-center study, calcification inhibitors (FA, OPG, sRANKL) levels were measured in blood samples of 60 children with PH (median age 15.8, IQR: [14.5-16.8] years) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers. In each participant, peripheral and central blood pressure evaluation (BP) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were performed. Arterial damage was measured using common carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx75HR), and local arterial stiffness (ECHO-tracking-ET) analysis. RESULTS Children with PH had significantly higher peripheral and central BP, BP in ABPM, thicker cIMT, higher PWV, and AIx75HR. FA was significantly lower in patients with PH compared to healthy peers without differences in OPG, sRANKL, and OPG/sRANKL and OPG/FA ratios. In children with PH, FA level correlated negatively with cIMT Z-score and ET AIx; sRANKL level correlated negatively with ABPM systolic blood pressure (SBP), SBP load, diastolic BP load, and AIx75HR; OPG/sRANKL ratio correlated positively with SBP load, while OPG/FA ratio correlated positively with ET AIx. In multivariate analysis, FA was a significant determinant of cIMT (mm) and cIMT Z-score. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that in children with primary hypertension, arterial damage is related to lower fetuin A concentrations.
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Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031003. [PMID: 33808927 PMCID: PMC8003613 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.
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Wisnu W, Alwi I, Nafrialdi N, Harimurti K, Pemayun TGD, Jusman SWA, Santoso DIS, Harahap AR, Suwarto S, Subekti I. The Differential Effects of Propylthiouracil and Methimazole as Graves' Disease Treatment on Vascular Atherosclerosis Markers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:796194. [PMID: 34987480 PMCID: PMC8721229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.796194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism is related to vascular atherosclerosis. Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole, other than their antithyroid effects, may have different mechanisms in preventing atherogenesis in Graves' disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of antithyroid drugs on markers of vascular atherosclerosis in Graves' hyperthyroidism. METHODS This study was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted on 36 patients with Graves' disease in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from June 2019 until July 2020. Graves' disease was diagnosed from clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter and then confirmed by thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), and TSH-receptor antibody (TRAb) measurements. Participants were randomly assigned to either a PTU or a methimazole treatment group and followed up for 3 months. Markers of vascular atherosclerosis were represented by adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin], carotid artery stiffness [pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and thickness [carotid intima media thickness (cIMT)]. RESULTS By the end of the study, 24 participants reached euthyroid condition (13 from the PTU group and 11 from the methimazole group). After 3 months of follow-up, in the PTU group, we noticed an improvement of ICAM-1 [pretreatment: 204.1 (61.3) vs. posttreatment: 141.6 (58.4) ng/ml; p = 0.001], VCAM-1 [837 (707-977) vs. 510 (402-630) ng/ml; p < 0.001] and E-selectin [32.1 (24.1-42.7) vs. 28.2 (21.6-36.8) ng/ml; p = 0.045] in the PTU group. In the methimazole group, only VCAM-1 improvement [725 (565-904) vs. 472 (367-590); p = 0.001] was observed. Meanwhile, we found no significant changes in PWV or cIMT in either group. CONCLUSION Antithyroid treatment in Graves' disease leads to improvement in adhesion molecules, with a lesser effect on methimazole, whereas there were no significant changes in PWV or cIMT. PTU may have a better mechanism compared with methimazole in terms of improving adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wismandari Wisnu
- Division of Endocrine, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Idrus Alwi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nafrialdi Nafrialdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kuntjoro Harimurti
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tjokorda Gede D. Pemayun
- Division of Endocrine, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widia A. Jusman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Irawati S. Santoso
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Suhendro Suwarto
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Imam Subekti
- Division of Endocrine, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Imam Subekti,
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Pettersson-Pablo P, Cao Y, Bäckström T, Nilsson TK, Hurtig-Wennlöf A. Body fat percentage and CRP correlates with a composite score of vascular risk markers in healthy, young adults - The Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:77. [PMID: 32046640 PMCID: PMC7014751 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of early signs of atherosclerosis in young adults have the potential to guide early interventions to prevent later cardiovascular disease. We therefore analyzed measures of vascular structure and function and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in a sample of young healthy adults. Methods Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT) and augmentation index (AIX) were measured in 834 healthy non-smokers (ages 18.0–25.9). Emphasis was put on discriminating between individuals having a vascular structure and function associated with a higher or lower risk, and cluster analysis algorithms were employed to assign the subjects into groups based on these vascular measurements. In addition, a vascular status score (VSS) was calculated by summarizing the results according to quintiles of the vascular measurements. The associations between VSS and cardiovascular biomarkers were examined by regression analyses. Results The cluster analyses did not yield sufficiently distinct clustering (groups of individuals that could be categorized unequivocally as having either a vascular structure and function associated with a higher or lower CVD risk). VSS proved a better classificatory variable. The associations between VSS and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk were analyzed by univariable and multivariable regressions. Only body fat percentage and C-reactive protein (CRP) were independently associated with VSS. Conclusions A VSS calculation, which integrates PWV, cIMT, and AIX measurements is better suited for cardiovascular risk evaluation in young adults than cluster analyses. The independent associations of VSS with body fat percentage and CRP highlight the decisive role of adiposity and systemic inflammation in early atherosclerotic progression and suggests a subordinate role of insulin and lipid metabolism in this age span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pettersson-Pablo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden. .,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biosciences/Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn K Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Aminuddin A, Salamt N, Ahmad Fuad AF, Chin KY, Ugusman A, Soelaiman IN, Wan Ngah WZ. Vascular Dysfunction among Malaysian Men with Increased BMI: An Indication of Synergistic Effect of Free Testosterone and Inflammation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E575. [PMID: 31500378 PMCID: PMC6780688 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Obesity is associated with poor vascular function and may lead to future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is also related to increased inflammation and a low testosterone level. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between inflammation, testosterone level, and vascular function among subjects with an increased body mass index (BMI) and to determine whether both low testosterone and high inflammation have synergistic effects towards vascular dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A total of 303 men aged 40-80 years were recruited from Klang Valley, Malaysia. Their height, weight, blood pressure (BP), lipid, blood glucose level, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. The carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVCF) and augmentation index (AI) were also recorded as markers of vascular function. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 54.46 ± 9.77 years. Subjects were divided into a low/normal body mass index (BMI) group (BMI < 25 kg/m2; NG, n = 154) and high BMI group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; OG, n = 149). The mean BMI for NG was 22.20 ± 1.94 kg/m2 while for OG was 28.87 ± 3.24 kg/m2 (p < 0.01). The level of TT (OG = 21.13 ± 6.44 versus NG = 16.18 ± 6.16 nmol/L, p < 0.01) and FT (OG = 0.34 ± 0.12 versus NG = 0.39 ± 0.11 nmol/L, p < 0.01) were reduced while the level of CRP [OG = 1.05 (2.80) versus NG = 0.50 (1.50) mmol/L, p = 0.01] was increased in OG compared to NG. PWVCF (OG = 8.55 ± 1.34 versus NG = 8.52 ± 1.42 m/s, p = 0.02) and AI (OG = 16.91% ± 6.00% versus 15.88% ± 5.58%, p < 0.01) were significantly increased in OG after adjustment for other CVD risk factors. The subjects that had both a low FT and an increased CRP had higher AI when compared to those with a high CRP and high FT (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The increased BMI was associated with vascular dysfunction, mediated by a low testosterone level and increased inflammation. Furthermore, having both conditions concurrently lead to higher vascular dysfunction. Weight loss, testosterone supplementation, and the anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for men to prevent vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norizam Salamt
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faiz Ahmad Fuad
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Mozos I, Jianu D, Gug C, Stoian D. Links between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Pulse Wave Analysis in Middle-Aged Patients with Hypertension and High Normal Blood Pressure. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2568069. [PMID: 31396293 PMCID: PMC6664701 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2568069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and arterial age provide valuable prognostic cardiovascular information. The present study aimed at assessing the levels of vitamin D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in a group of middle-aged hypertensive patients and their relationship with pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressure, and early arterial aging (EAA), respectively. A total of 56 patients, aged 48 ± 6 years, 57% males, with hypertension and high normal blood pressure (HNBP), were investigated using a Mobile-O-Graph, to assess central and peripheral blood pressure, PWV, and arterial age. Additionally, hsCRP, LDL, oxLDL, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 were assessed. PWV, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, hsCRP, oxLDL, and LDL levels were 7.26 ± 0.69 m/s, 25.99 ± 11.17 microg/l, 0.48 ± 0.44 mg/dl, 261.37 ± 421 ng/ml, and 145.73 ± 39.53 mg/dl, respectively. Significant correlations were obtained between oxLDL and pulse pressure amplification (rS = -0.347, p = 0.028) and between hsCRP and LDL levels with PWV and EAA, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that hsCRP is a sensitive and specific predictor of EAA and increased PWV values. Concluding, vitamin D deficiency and increased hsCRP and LDL values are very common, and high oxidized LDL is related to pulse pressure amplification in patients with elevated blood pressure. Vitamin D level and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and LDL provide valuable information in middle-aged hypertensive and HNBP patients related to arterial stiffness and early arterial aging, but only hsCRP is a sensitive predictor of EAA and PWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jianu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Military Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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13
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García-Prieto CF, Gil-Ortega M, Vega-Martín E, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Martín-Ramos M, Bordiú E, Sanchez-Pernaute A, Torres A, Aránguez I, Fernández-Alfonso M, Rubio MA, Somoza B. Beneficial Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Abnormal MMP-9 and AMPK Activities: Potential Markers of Obesity-Related CV Risk. Front Physiol 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 31133882 PMCID: PMC6517546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) results in sustained weight loss and may reverse inflammation, metabolic alterations, extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness. We hypothesize that increased stiffening in omental arteries from obese patients might be associated with an increase in MMP activity and a decrease in p-AMPK, together with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, BS could contribute to reversing these alterations. This study was conducted with 38 patients of Caucasian origin: 31 adult patients with morbid obesity (9 men and 22 women; mean age 46 years and BMI = 42.7 ± 1.0 kg/m2) and 7 non-obese subjects (7 women; mean age 45 years and BMI = 22.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2). Seventeen obese patients were studied before and 12 months after BS. The stiffness index β, an index of intrinsic arterial stiffness, was determined in omental arteries and was significantly higher in obese patients. Levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPKThr-172) and SIRT-1 were significantly lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from obese patients than those from non-obese patients (p < 0.05) and were normalized after BS. Total and active MMP-9 activities, LDH, protein carbonyls and uric acid were higher in obese patients and reduced by BS. Moreover, there was a correlation between plasmatic LDH levels and the stiffness index β. BS has a beneficial effect on abnormal MMP-9, LDH and AMPK activities that might be associated with the development of arterial stiffness in obese patients. Since these parameters are easily measured in blood samples, they could constitute potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vega-Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martín-Ramos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bordiú
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Sanchez-Pernaute
- Servicio de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres
- Servicio de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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Madan N, Kaysen GA. Gut Endothelial Leakage of Endotoxin May Be the Source of Vascular Inflammation and Injury in CKD. How Can This Be Targeted? J Ren Nutr 2019; 28:1-3. [PMID: 29249294 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niti Madan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - George A Kaysen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California.
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15
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Chemerin in human cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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