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Bhat Y, Thrishna MR, Banerjee S. Molecular targets and therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10535-10577. [PMID: 37924450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous complexity and is often difficult to treat. TNBC lacks the expression of major hormonal receptors like estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and is further subdivided into androgen receptor (AR) positive and AR negative. In contrast, AR negative is also known as quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC). Compared to AR-positive TNBC, QNBC has a great scarcity of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. QNBC shows excessive cellular growth and proliferation of tumor cells due to increased expression of growth factors like EGF and various surface proteins. This study briefly reviews the limited data available as protein biomarkers that can be used as molecular targets in treating TNBC as well as QNBC. Targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently changed cancer treatment. Many studies in medicinal chemistry continue to focus on the synthesis of novel compounds to discover new antiproliferative medicines capable of treating TNBC despite the abundance of treatments currently on the market. Drug repurposing is one of the therapeutic methods for TNBC that has been examined. Moreover, some additional micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and functional foods may be able to lower cancer risk or slow the spread of malignant diseases that have already been diagnosed with cancer. Finally, nanomedicines, or applications of nanotechnology in medicine, introduce nanoparticles with variable chemistry and architecture for the treatment of cancer. This review emphasizes the most recent research on nutraceuticals, medication repositioning, and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashasvi Bhat
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M R Thrishna
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Preussin, a Marine Fungal Metabolite, against the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231, in 2D and 3D Cultures. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030166. [PMID: 36976215 PMCID: PMC10053333 DOI: 10.3390/md21030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a typically poorer prognosis than other subtypes of BC and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, new drugs would be particularly welcome to help treat TNBC. Preussin, isolated from the marine sponge-associated fungus, Aspergillus candidus, has shown the potential to reduce cell viability and proliferation as well as to induce cell death and cell cycle arrest in 2D cell culture models. However, studies that better mimic the tumors in vivo, such as 3D cell cultures, are needed. Here, we studied the effects of preussin in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, comparing 2D and 3D cell cultures, using ultrastructural analysis and the MTT, BrdU, annexin V-PI, comet (alkaline and FPG modified versions), and wound healing assays. Preussin was found to decrease cell viability, both in 2D and 3D cell cultures, in a dose-dependent manner, impair cell proliferation, and induce cell death, therefore excluding the hypothesis of genotoxic properties. The cellular impacts were reflected by ultrastructural alterations in both cell culture models. Preussin also significantly inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The new data expanded the knowledge on preussin actions while supporting other studies, highlighting its potential as a molecule or scaffold for the development of new anticancer drugs against TNBC.
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Li J, Zeng C, Huang Q, Zheng MM, Chen J, Ma D. Control release of α-mangostin by a novel dual-polysaccharides delivery system for colitis treatment under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Nanoparticles loaded with pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113214. [PMID: 36893664 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active natural products have played a significant role in the history of drug development. They have acted as sources of therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, most natural products suffer from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting their clinical applications. The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up new directions for applying natural products and numerous studies have explored the biomedical applications of nanomaterials loaded with natural products. This review covers the recent research on applying plant-derived natural products (PDNPs) nanomaterials, including nanomedicines loaded with flavonoids, non-flavonoid polyphenols, alkaloids, and quinones, especially their use in treating various diseases. Furthermore, some drugs derived from natural products can be toxic to the body, so the toxicity of them is discussed. This comprehensive review includes fundamental discoveries and exploratory advances in natural product-loaded nanomaterials that may be helpful for future clinical development.
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Gahtori R, Tripathi AH, Kumari A, Negi N, Paliwal A, Tripathi P, Joshi P, Rai RC, Upadhyay SK. Anticancer plant-derivatives: deciphering their oncopreventive and therapeutic potential in molecular terms. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the years, phytomedicines have been widely used as natural modalities for the treatment and prevention of various diseases by different ethnic groups across the globe. Although, 25% of drugs in the USA contain at least one plant-derived therapeutic compound, currently there is a paucity of plant-derived active medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientific evidence-based translation of plant-derived ethnomedicines for their clinical application is an urgent need. The anticancer and associated properties (antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition) of various plant extracts and phytochemicals have been elucidated earlier. Several of the plant derivatives are already in use under prophylactic/therapeutic settings against cancer and many are being investigated under different phases of clinical trials.
Main body
The purpose of this study is to systematically comprehend the progress made in the area of prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the anticancerous plant derivatives. Besides, we aim to understand their anticancer potential in terms of specific sub-phenomena, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and inhibition of EMT, with an insight of the molecules/pathways associated with them. The study also provides details of classes of anticancer compounds, their plant source(s) and the molecular pathway(s) targeted by them. In addition to the antioxidative and antiproliferative potentials of anticancer plant derivatives, this study emphasizes on their EMT-inhibition potential and other ‘anticancer related’ properties. The EMT is highlighted as a phenomenon of choice for targeting cancer due to its role in the induction of metastasis and drug resistance. Different phytochemicals in pre-clinical or clinical trials, with promising chemopreventive/anticancer activities have been enlisted and the plant compounds showing synergistic anticancer activity in combination with the existing drugs have been discussed. The review also unravels the need of carrying out pan-signalome studies for identifying the cardinal pathways modulated by phytomedicine(s), as in many cases, the molecular pathway(s) has/have been randomly studied.
Conclusion
This review systematically compiles the studies regarding the impact of various plant derivatives in different cancers and oncogenic processes, as tested in diverse experimental model systems. Availability of more comprehensive information on anticancer phyto-constituents, their relative abundance in crude drugs, pathways/molecules targeted by phytomedicines, their long-term toxicity data and information regarding their safe use under the combinatorial settings, would open greater avenues of their utilization in future against this dreaded disease.
Graphical Abstract
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Kalick LS, Khan HA, Maung E, Baez Y, Atkinson AN, Wallace CE, Day F, Delgadillo BE, Mondal A, Watanapokasin R, Barbalho SM, Bishayee A. Mangosteen for malignancy prevention and intervention: Current evidence, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106630. [PMID: 36581166 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), also known as the "queen of fruits", is a tropical fruit of the Clusiacea family. While native to Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, and the Philippines, the fruit has gained popularity in the United States due to its health-promoting attributes. In traditional medicine, mangosteen has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, ranging from dysentery to wound healing. Mangosteen has been shown to exhibit numerous biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Disease-preventative and therapeutic properties of mangosteen have been ascribed to secondary metabolites called xanthones, present in several parts of the tree, including the pericarp, fruit rind, peel, stem bark, root bark, and leaf. Of the 68 mangosteen xanthones identified so far, the most widely-studied are α-mangostin and γ-mangostin. Emerging studies have found that mangosteen constituents and phytochemicals exert encouraging antineoplastic effects against a myriad of human malignancies. While there are a growing number of individual research papers on the anticancer properties of mangosteen, a complete and critical evaluation of published experimental findings has not been accomplished. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to present an in-depth analysis of the cancer preventive and anticancer potential of mangosteen constituents, with a special emphasis on the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and safety of mangosteen-derived agents together with current challenges and future research avenues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Kalick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Hamaad A Khan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Erica Maung
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Yasmany Baez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Alexa N Atkinson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Carly E Wallace
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Faith Day
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Blake E Delgadillo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Sandra M Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Okuyama NCM, Ribeiro DL, da Rocha CQ, Pereira ÉR, Cólus IMDS, Serpeloni JM. Three-dimensional cell cultures as preclinical models to assess the biological activity of phytochemicals in breast cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 460:116376. [PMID: 36638973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models in both/either drug screening and/or toxicology is gradually magnified. Natural Products derived from plants are known as phytochemicals and serve as resources for novel drugs and cancer therapy. Typical examples include taxol analogs (i.e., paclitaxel and docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (i.e., vincristine, vinblastine), and camptothecin analogs (topotecan, irinotecan). Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, with a 70% chance of patients being cured; however, metastatic disease is not considered curable using currently available chemotherapeutic options. In addition, phytochemicals present promising options for overcoming chemotherapy-related problems, such as drug resistance and toxic effects on non-target tissues. In the toxicological evaluation of these natural compounds, 3D cell culture models are a powerful tool for studying their effects on different tissues and organs in similar environments and behave as if they are in vivo conditions. Considering that 3D cell cultures represent a valuable platform for identifying the biological features of tumor cells as well as for screening natural products with antitumoral activity, the present review aims to summarize the most common 3D cell culture methods, focusing on multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) of breast cancer cell lines used in the discovery of phytochemicals with anticancer properties in the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
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Morphometrical, Morphological, and Immunocytochemical Characterization of a Tool for Cytotoxicity Research: 3D Cultures of Breast Cell Lines Grown in Ultra-Low Attachment Plates. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080415. [PMID: 35893848 PMCID: PMC9394479 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures may better mimic avascular tumors. Yet, they still lack characterization and standardization. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) generate multicellular aggregates (MCAs) of four breast cell lines: MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 (tumoral) and MCF12A (non-tumoral) using ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates, (b) detail the methodology used for their formation and analysis, providing technical tips, and (c) characterize the MCAs using morphometry, qualitative cytology (at light and electron microscopy), and quantitative immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. Each cell line generated uniform MCAs with structural differences among cell lines: MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 MCAs showed an ellipsoid/discoid shape and compact structure, while MCF12A and SKBR3 MCAs were loose, more flattened, and presented bigger areas. MCF7 MCAs revealed glandular breast differentiation features. ICC showed a random distribution of the proliferating and apoptotic cells throughout the MCAs, not fitting in the traditional spheroid model. ICC for cytokeratin, vimentin, and E-cadherin showed different results according to the cell lines. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were positive only in MCF7 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in SKBR3. The presented characterization of the MCAs in non-exposed conditions provided a good baseline to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of potential anticancer compounds.
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Recent Update on Active Biological Molecules in Generating the Anticancerous Therapeutic Potential of Garcinia mangostana. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4724-4744. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Dewi C, Fristiohady A, Amalia R, Khairul Ikram NK, Ibrahim S, Muchtaridi M. Signaling Pathways and Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123661. [PMID: 35744786 PMCID: PMC9227697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, having a poor prognosis and rapid metastases. TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) expressions and has a five-year survival rate. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC patients only respond to conventional chemotherapies, and even then, with limited success. Shortages of chemotherapeutic medication can lead to resistance, pressured index therapy, non-selectivity, and severe adverse effects. Finding targeted treatments for TNBC is difficult owing to the various features of cancer. Hence, identifying the most effective molecular targets in TNBC pathogenesis is essential for predicting response to targeted therapies and preventing TNBC cell metastases. Nowadays, natural compounds have gained attention as TNBC treatments, and have offered new strategies for solving drug resistance. Here, we report a systematic review using the database from Pubmed, Science Direct, MDPI, BioScince, Springer, and Nature for articles screening from 2003 to 2022. This review analyzes relevant signaling pathways and the prospect of utilizing natural compounds as a therapeutic agent to improve TNBC treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari 93561, Indonesia
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari 93232, Indonesia;
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Sugeng Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang 50234, Indonesia;
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
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Dewi C, Fristiohady A, Amalia R, Bunggulawa EJ, Muchtaridi M. Alpha-mangostin as an inhibitor of GSK3β in triple-negative breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35465844 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2068074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that does not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and that is characterized by high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks receptors and hence cannot be treated by using targeted therapies; as such, the therapeutic potential of Indonesian herbal plants against this disease is worth exploring. Herein, we explore the molecular docking and the molecular dynamics simulations of α-mangostin on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β; PDB ID: 4ACC). Our findings reveal that α-mangostin has a weaker binding affinity to GSK3β than the native ligand (-8.22 kcal/mol), while the latter binds to GSK3β with a stronger binding affinity of -8.92 kcal/mol. According to the binding site analysis, the hydrogen bonds of the native ligand on Asp133 and Arg141, while α-mangostin only appeared to form a hydrogen bond on the enzyme's Asp133. On the other hand, α-mangostin shares similar docking sites with the native ligand (namely, Ile62, Phe67, Val70, and Thr138), thus leading to the conclusion that the native ligand and α-mangostin might share a similar molecular mechanism. The molecular dynamics simulation by using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann and surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations' method shows that α-mangostin maintains a better affinity (with a value of ΔGTotal at -114.463 kJ/mol) as compared with the native ligand (with a respective ΔGTotal value of -75.158 kJ/mol). Our findings are suggestive of α-mangostin possessing a valuable potential as an anti-TNBC agent through GSK3β inhibition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Edwin J Bunggulawa
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Antunes N, Kundu B, Kundu SC, Reis RL, Correlo V. In Vitro Cancer Models: A Closer Look at Limitations on Translation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040166. [PMID: 35447726 PMCID: PMC9029854 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cancer models are envisioned as high-throughput screening platforms for potential new therapeutic discovery and/or validation. They also serve as tools to achieve personalized treatment strategies or real-time monitoring of disease propagation, providing effective treatments to patients. To battle the fatality of metastatic cancers, the development and commercialization of predictive and robust preclinical in vitro cancer models are of urgent need. In the past decades, the translation of cancer research from 2D to 3D platforms and the development of diverse in vitro cancer models have been well elaborated in an enormous number of reviews. However, the meagre clinical success rate of cancer therapeutics urges the critical introspection of currently available preclinical platforms, including patents, to hasten the development of precision medicine and commercialization of in vitro cancer models. Hence, the present article critically reflects the difficulty of translating cancer therapeutics from discovery to adoption and commercialization in the light of in vitro cancer models as predictive tools. The state of the art of in vitro cancer models is discussed first, followed by identifying the limitations of bench-to-bedside transition. This review tries to establish compatibility between the current findings and obstacles and indicates future directions to accelerate the market penetration, considering the niche market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Antunes
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; (N.A.); (B.K.); (S.C.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3 B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Banani Kundu
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; (N.A.); (B.K.); (S.C.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3 B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; (N.A.); (B.K.); (S.C.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3 B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; (N.A.); (B.K.); (S.C.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3 B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Correlo
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; (N.A.); (B.K.); (S.C.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3 B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Jo MK, Moon CM, Kim EJ, Kwon JH, Fei X, Kim SE, Jung SA, Kim M, Mun YC, Ahn YH, Seo SY, Kim TI. Suppressive effect of α-mangostin for cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer via the Notch pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:341. [PMID: 35351071 PMCID: PMC8962146 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in chemoresistance and in tumor recurrence and metastasis, targeting of CSCs has emerged as a sophisticated strategy for cancer therapy. α-mangostin (αM) has been confirmed to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the selective inhibition of αM on CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the suppressive effect on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced CSCs.
Methods
The cell viability assay was performed to determine the optimal concentration of αM. A sphere forming assay and flow cytometry with CSC markers were carried out to evaluate the αM-mediated inhibition of CSCs. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to investigate the effects of αM on the Notch signaling pathway and colon CSCs. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of αM in combination with 5-FU was investigated using a xenograft mouse model.
Results
αM inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of spheres in HT29 and SW620 cells. αM treatment decreased CSCs and suppressed the 5-FU-induced an increase in CSCs on flow cytometry. αM markedly suppressed Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 in the Notch signaling pathway in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, αM attenuated CSC markers CD44 and CD133, in a manner similar to that upon DAPT treatment, in HT29 cells. In xenograft mice, the tumor and CSC makers were suppressed in the αM group and in the αM group with 5-FU treatment.
Conclusion
This study shows that low-dose αM inhibits CSCs in CRC and suppresses 5-FU–induced augmentation of CSCs via the Notch signaling pathway.
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Nauman MC, Johnson JJ. The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): Defining the anticancer potential of selected xanthones. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106032. [PMID: 34896543 PMCID: PMC9597473 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a popular Southeast Asian fruit that has been used traditionally for its health promoting benefits for years. Unique to the mangosteen are a class of phytochemicals known as xanthones that have been reported to display significant anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities, specifically through the promotion of apoptosis, targeting of specific cancer-related proteins, or modulation of cell signaling pathways. α-Mangostin, the most abundant xanthone isolated from the mangosteen, has received substantial attention as it has proven to be a potent phytochemical, specifically as an anticancer agent, in numerous different cancer cell studies and cancer animal models. While the mechanisms for these anticancer effects have been reported in many studies, lesser xanthones, including gartanin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, garcinone C, and garcinone E, and mangosteen extracts from the pericarp, roots, rind, and stem show promise for their anticancer activity but their mechanisms of action are not as well developed and remain to be determined. Mangosteen products appear safe and have been well tolerated in human clinical trials where they show antioxidant activity, though their clinical anticancer activity has not yet been evaluated. This review summarizes the work that has been done to explore and explain the anticancer and antitumor activities of α-mangostin, lesser xanthones, and mangosteen extracts in vitro, in vivo, and in humans in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirielle C Nauman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, USA
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, USA.
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15
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Zhu X, Li J, Ning H, Yuan Z, Zhong Y, Wu S, Zeng JZ. α-Mangostin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells via Regulating RXRα-AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739658. [PMID: 34539418 PMCID: PMC8444262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangostin, which has the function of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer, etc, is one of the main active ingredients of the hull of the mangosteen. The main objective of the study was to elucidate its anti-cancer function and possible mechanism. α-Mangostin was separated and structurally confirmed. MTT method was used to check the effect of mangostin on breast cancer cell proliferation. Then the effect of α-Mangostin on the transcriptional activity of RXRα was tested by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. And Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins or cell cycle-associated proteins after treatment. Also, this study was to observe the effects of α-Mangostin on the invasion of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. α-Mangostin regulates the downstream effectors of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by degrading RXRα/tRXRα. α-Mangostin can trigger PARP cleavage and induce apoptosis, which may be related to the induction of upregulated BAX expression and downregulation of BAD and cleaved caspase-3 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells through blockade of AKT signaling. The experiments verify that α-Mangostin have evident inhibition effects of invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Cyclin D1 was involved in the anticancer effects of α-Mangostin on the cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 cells. α-Mangostin induces apoptosis, suppresses the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting RXRα, and cyclin D1 has involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huiting Ning
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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16
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α-Mangostin Nanoparticles Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Modalities in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175119. [PMID: 34500560 PMCID: PMC8434247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (AMG) is a potent anticancer xanthone that was discovered in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). AMG possesses the highest opportunity for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic therapy. AMG inhibits every step in the process of carcinogenesis. AMG suppressed multiple breast cancer (BC) cell proliferation and apoptosis by decreasing the creation of cancerous compounds. Accumulating BC abnormalities and their associated molecular signaling pathways promotes novel treatment strategies. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment; due to the possibility of unpleasant side effects and multidrug resistance, there has been substantial progress in searching for alternative solutions, including the use of plant-derived natural chemicals. Due to the limitations of conventional cancer therapy, nanotechnology provides hope for effective and efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology enables the delivery of nanoparticles and increased solubility of drugs and drug targeting, resulting in increased cytotoxicity and cell death during BC treatment. This review summarizes the progress and development of AMG’s cytotoxicity and the mechanism of death BC cells. The combination of natural medicine and nanotechnology into a synergistic capital will provide various benefits. This information will aid in the development of AMG nanoparticle preparations and may open up new avenues for discovering an effective BC treatment.
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17
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Yang S, Zhou F, Dong Y, Ren F. α-Mangostin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells Through ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via the WNT Pathway. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211035080. [PMID: 34318699 PMCID: PMC8323427 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211035080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
α-mangostin has been confirmed to promote the apoptosis of MG-63 cells, but its
specific pro-apoptosis mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) remains further
investigation. Here, we demonstrated that α-mangostin restrained the viability
of OS cells (143B and Saos-2), but had little effect on the growth of normal
human osteoblast. α-mangostin increased OS cell apoptosis by activating the
caspase-3/8 cascade. Besides, α-mangostin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
stress and restrained the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. 4PBA (an ER stress
inhibitor) or LiCl (an effective Wnt activator) treatment effectively hindered
α-mangostin-induced apoptosis and the caspase-3/8 cascade. Furthermore, we also
found that α-mangostin induced ER stress by promoting ROS production. And ER
stress-mediated apoptosis caused by ROS accumulation depended on the
inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, α-mangostin significantly
hindered the growth of xenograft tumors, induced the expression of ER stress
marker proteins and activation of the caspase-3/8 cascade, and restrained the
Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. In short, ROS-mediated ER stress was involved
in α-mangostin triggered apoptosis, which might depended on Wnt/β-catenin
signaling inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsen Yang
- Departments of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- CRISTA orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Departments of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Orthopedics Department, YuLin NO.2 Hospital, Yulin, China
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18
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Crnogorac MĐ, Matić IZ, Damjanović A, Janković N, Krivokuća A, Stanojković T. 3D HeLa spheroids as a model for investigating the anticancer activity of Biginelli-hybrids. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109565. [PMID: 34161784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In previous study, we examined the anticancer effects of novel Biginelli-hybrids against HeLa cell line on 2D monolayer culture. The five most effective compounds were chosen for further analysis of their anticancer activity against HeLa spheroids. Using the 3D models implies the possible differences in anticancer effects and mechanisms of activity of tested compounds. The compounds 4c and 4d exerted the strongest activity against 3D HeLa spheroids and induced to some extent loosened cell-cell contacts in spheroids, leading to the largest reduction in the diameter of the spheroids. Additionally, the highest accumulation of the cells in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle was observed after the treatment with compounds 4d and 4c, while the compound 4f led to the G2/M arrest. The invasion potential of treated HeLa cells in spheroids was monitored by imaging of spheroids embedded in a matrix made of matrigel and collagen and by determination of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF gene expression levels. The compound 4l did not show invasion-suppressive activity, while the compounds 4c and 4d exerted the strongest anti-invasive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Damjanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića Bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ana Krivokuća
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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Li RR, Zeng DY. The effects and mechanism of α-mangostin on chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:709-717. [PMID: 34003591 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of α-mangostin (α-M) on gastric cancer (GC) cell chemoresistance and its underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of α-M and CDDP were applied to treat GC cells (SGC7901) and CDDP-resistant GC cells (SGC7901/CDDP) for 24 or 48 h. CCK-8 assays were used to measure the inhibitory effect of CDDP or α-M on SGC7901 and SGC7901/CDDP cells as well as the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of α-M for SGC7901 and SGC7901/CDDP cells. The optimal concentration and induction time of CDDP or α-M were determined. SGC7901/CDDP cells were treated with CDDP or/and α-M, where some of them were transfected with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1-EBI3. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed as well as the levels of EBI3, STAT3, p-STAT3, autophagy-related proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins. CDDP inhibited SGC7901 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of α-M for SGC7901 cells was 12.86 μM and that for SGC7901/CDDP cells was 13.69 μM. The optimal concentrations of CDDP and α-M for SGC7901/CDDP cells were 2 and 15 μM, respectively, and the optimal time was 48 h. The SGC7901/CDDP cells in the CDDP+/α-M+ group had elevated inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis rates. Western blot analysis revealed enhanced levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin1, reduced p62 level, decreased Bcl2 level, and increased levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3/9. The EBI3/STAT3 pathway was implicated in the effect of α-M on SGC7901/CDDP cell development. α-M increases the chemosensitivity of GC cells by facilitating autophagy and inactivating the EBI3/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology-Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-Yu Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology-Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Sun P, Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang X, Sheng J. Wighteone exhibits an antitumor effect against EGFR L858R/T790M mutation non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3900-3908. [PMID: 34093797 PMCID: PMC8176237 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations were initially treated by first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), unfortunately, the efficacy of these drugs is limited, mostly frequent due to T790M mutation. Although osimertinib has been approved to treat patients with T790M-positive NSCLC, the majority of patients will develop C797S mutation and suffer diseases again. Therefore, more novel therapeutic strategies for T790M mutation-positive NSCLC are urgently required. We hypothesized that wighteone, a natural compound isolated from plant derivatives, has antitumor effects against NSCLC with T790M mutation. In this study, we created a Ba/F3 cell line harboring EGFR L858R/T790M mutation (Ba/F3 EGFR L858R/T790M cell line), and then used this cell line and a human NSCLC cell line with EGFR L858R/T790M mutation (NCI-H1975) to investigate the effects and mechanism of wighteone. The results showed that wighteone inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed EGFR signaling pathway, caused cell cycle redistribution and induced cell apoptosis. Our studies suggest that wighteone may provide a novel potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yana Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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21
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Perini G, Giulimondi F, Palmieri V, Augello A, Digiacomo L, Quagliarini E, Pozzi D, Papi M, Caracciolo G. Inhibiting the Growth of 3D Brain Cancer Models with Bio-Coronated Liposomal Temozolomide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030378. [PMID: 33809262 PMCID: PMC7999290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective means to deliver anticancer drugs into the brain. Among various forms of NPs, liposomal temozolomide (TMZ) is the drug-of-choice for the treatment and management of brain tumours, but its therapeutic benefit is suboptimal. Although many possible reasons may account for the compromised therapeutic efficacy, the inefficient tumour penetration of liposomal TMZ can be a vital obstacle. Recently, the protein corona, i.e., the layer of plasma proteins that surround NPs after exposure to human plasma, has emerged as an endogenous trigger that mostly controls their anticancer efficacy. Exposition of particular biomolecules from the corona referred to as protein corona fingerprints (PCFs) may facilitate interactions with specific receptors of target cells, thus, promoting efficient internalization. In this work, we have synthesized a set of four TMZ-encapsulating nanomedicines made of four cationic liposome (CL) formulations with systematic changes in lipid composition and physical−chemical properties. We have demonstrated that precoating liposomal TMZ with a protein corona made of human plasma proteins can increase drug penetration in a 3D brain cancer model derived from U87 human glioblastoma multiforme cell line leading to marked inhibition of tumour growth. On the other side, by fine-tuning corona composition we have also provided experimental evidence of a non-unique effect of the corona on the tumour growth for all the complexes investigated, thus, clarifying that certain PCFs (i.e., APO-B and APO-E) enable favoured interactions with specific receptors of brain cancer cells. Reported results open new perspectives into the development of corona-coated liposomal drugs with enhanced tumour penetration and antitumour efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giulimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Augello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.C.)
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22
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α-Mangostin Synergizes the Antineoplastic Effects of 5-Fluorouracil Allowing a Significant Dose Reduction in Breast Cancer Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although 5-fluorouracil is a conventional chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment, its use may result in severe side effects. Thus, there is widespread interest in lowering 5-fluorouracil drawbacks, without affecting its therapeutic efficacy by the concomitant use with natural products. Herein, we aimed at evaluating whether α-mangostin, a natural antineoplastic compound, could increase the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil in different breast cancer cell lines, allowing for dose reduction. Cell proliferation was evaluated by sulforhodamine-B assays, inhibitory concentrations and potency were calculated by dose-response curves, followed by analysis of their pharmacological interaction by the combination-index method and dose-reduction index. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry. Each compound inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, the triple negative breast cancer cells being the most sensitive. When 5-fluorouracil and α-mangostin were used concomitantly, synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed. The calculated dose-reduction index suggested that this combination exhibits therapeutic potential for reducing 5-fluorouracil dosage in breast cancer. Mechanistically, the cotreatment induced cell death in a greater extent than each drug alone. Therefore, α-mangostin could be used as a potent co-adjuvant for 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer.
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23
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Li K, Wu L, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Li M, Hao K, Zhang W, Jiang S, Wang Z. Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of β-Mangostin on Rat C6 Glioma Cells Depend on Oxidative Stress Induction via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibition. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5315-5324. [PMID: 33293793 PMCID: PMC7718963 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s278414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the nervous system, which accounts for more than 45% of central nervous system tumors and seriously threatens our health. Because of high mortality rate, limitations, and many complications of traditional treatment methods, new treatment methods are urgently needed. β-Mangostin is a natural compound derived from the fruit of Garcinia mangostana L. and it has anticancer activity in several types of cancer cells. However, the antitumor effect of β-mangostin in glioma has not been clarified. Hence, this study aimed to investigate its therapeutic effects on gliomas. Materials and Methods To study the effect of β-mangostin on glioma cells, cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species production, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated in the C6 cell line in vitro. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to analyze protein expression and phosphorylation to study its mechanism of action. A subcutaneous xenograft model was used to investigate the effect of β-mangostin on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results We found that β-mangostin can inhibit glioma cell growth and induce oxidative damage in vitro. In addition, it reduces the phosphorylated form levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Furthermore, the phosphorylated form levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were increased after the PI3K inhibitor was added. In vivo experiments showed that β-mangostin can inhibit tumor growth as shown by its reduced size and weight. Conclusion This study suggests that β-mangostin can inhibit cell proliferation and induce oxidative damage in cells. It is the first study to demonstrate that β-mangostin induces oxidative damage in glioma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.,Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianni Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.,Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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24
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Wathoni N, Rusdin A, Motoyama K, Joni IM, Lesmana R, Muchtaridi M. Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for α-Mangostin. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:23-36. [PMID: 32280205 PMCID: PMC7132026 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s243017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin, a xanthone derivative from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L., has numerous bioactivities and pharmacological properties. However, α-mangostin has low aqueous solubility and poor target selectivity in the human body. Recently, nanoparticle drug delivery systems have become an excellent technique to improve the physicochemical properties and effectiveness of drugs. Therefore, many efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of α-mangostin through nanoparticle formulations. Our review aimed to summarise and discuss the nanoparticle drug delivery systems for α-mangostin from published papers recorded in Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. We examined various types of nanoparticles for α-mangostin to enhance water solubility, provide controlled release and create targeted delivery systems. These forms include polymeric nanoparticles, nanomicelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanoemulsions. Notably, nanomicelle modification increased α-mangostin solubility increased more than 10,000 fold. Additionally, polymeric nanoparticles provided targeted delivery and significantly enhanced the biodistribution of α-mangostin into specific organs. In conclusion, the nanoparticle drug delivery system could be a promising technique to increase the solubility, selectivity and efficacy of α-mangostin as a new drug candidate in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sports and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo96128, Indonesia
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto862-0973, Japan
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
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25
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Bissoli I, Muscari C. Doxorubicin and α-Mangostin oppositely affect luminal breast cancer cell stemness evaluated by a new retinaldehyde-dependent ALDH assay in MCF-7 tumor spheroids. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109927. [PMID: 31982725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
According to cancer stem cell theory, only a limited number of self-renewing and cloning cells are responsible for tumor relapse after a period of remittance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Doxorubicin and α-Mangostin, two antiproliferative drugs, on both tumor bulk and stem cells in multicellular tumor spheroids originated from the luminal MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A new and original fluorimetric assay was used to selectively measure the activity of the retinaldehyde-dependent isoenzymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH), which are markers of a subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells. The administration of 5 μg/ml (12.2 μM) α-Mangostin for 48 h provoked: i) a marked disaggregation of the spheroids, leading to a doubling of their volume (p < 0.01), ii) a 40 % decrease in cell viability (p < 0.01), evaluated by the acid phosphatase assay, and iii) a reduction by more than 90 % of RALDH activity. By contrast, Doxorubicin given for 48 h in the range of 0.1-40 μM did not significantly reduce cell viability and caused only a modest modification of the spheroid morphology. Moreover, 40 μM Doxorubicin increased RALDH activity 2.5-fold compared to the untreated sample. When the two drugs were administered together using 5 μg/ml α-Mangostin, the IC50 of Doxorubicin referred to cell viability decreased six-fold and the RALDH activity was further reduced. In conclusion, the combined administration of Doxorubicin and α-Mangostin provoked a significant cytotoxicity and a remarkable inhibition of RALDH activity in MCF-7 tumor spheroids, suggesting that these drugs could be effective in reducing cell stemness in luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bissoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Agarwal G, Carcache PJB, Addo EM, Kinghorn AD. Current status and contemporary approaches to the discovery of antitumor agents from higher plants. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107337. [PMID: 30633954 PMCID: PMC6614024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher plant constituents have afforded clinically available anticancer drugs. These include both chemically unmodified small molecules and their synthetic derivatives currently used or those in clinical trials as antineoplastic agents, and an updated summary is provided. In addition, botanical dietary supplements, exemplified by mangosteen and noni constituents, are also covered as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Approaches to metabolite purification, rapid dereplication, and biological evaluation including analytical hyphenated techniques, molecular networking, and advanced cellular and animal models are discussed. Further, enhanced and targeted drug delivery systems for phytochemicals, including micelles, nanoparticles and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agarwal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Peter J Blanco Carcache
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ermias Mekuria Addo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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27
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Pham DT, Saelim N, Tiyaboonchai W. Alpha mangostin loaded crosslinked silk fibroin-based nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:705-713. [PMID: 31228853 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has been utilized extensively for biomedical purposes, especially the drug delivery systems. This study introduced and characterized three novel α-mangostin loaded crosslinked fibroin nanoparticles (FNPs), using EDC or PEI as a crosslinker, for cancer treatment. All three formulas were spherical particles with a mean size of approximately 300 nm. By varying the type and/or amount of the crosslinkers, particle surface charge was controllable from -15 to +30 mV. Crosslinked FNPs exhibited higher drug entrapment efficiency (70%) and drug loading (7%) than non-crosslinked FNP. FT-IR, XRD, and DSC analytical methods confirmed that α-mangostin was entrapped in FNPs in molecular dispersion form. Compared to the free α-mangostin, the crosslinked FNPs increased the drug's solubility up to threefold. They also showed sustained release characteristics of more than 3 days, and reduced free α-mangostin hematotoxicity by 90%. The α-mangostin loaded FNPs were physicochemically stable for up to 24 h when dispersed in intravenous diluent and for at least 6 months when preserved as lyophilized powder at 4 °C. In terms of anticancer efficacy, on both Caco-2 colorectal and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, all formulas maintain α-mangostin's apoptotic effect while exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the free drug. In conclusion, α-mangostin loaded crosslinked FNPs show high potential for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Toan Pham
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Nuttawut Saelim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Waree Tiyaboonchai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand; The Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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28
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Huang W, Liang Y, Ma X. Alpha-mangostin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy which count against fatty acid synthase inhibition mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:151. [PMID: 31164796 PMCID: PMC6544980 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims One of the most important metabolic hallmarks of breast cancer cells is enhanced lipogenesis. Increasing evidences suggest that fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays an important role in human breast cancer. Previously we discovered that alpha-mangostin showed apoptotic effect on human breast cancer cells via inhibiting FAS activity. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are involved in cell apoptosis. However, the role of ER stress and autophagy in FAS inhibition induced apoptosis still remains unclear. Methods We evaluated the effects of alpha-mangostin on ER stress and autophagy in human breast cancer cells. Intracellular FAS activity was measured by a spectrophotometer at 340 nm of NADPH absorption. Cell Counting Kit assay was used to test the cell viability. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect protein expression levels. Apoptotic effects were detected by flow cytometry. Results Alpha-mangostin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both of which reduced the apoptotic effect of alpha-mangostin in MDA-MB-231 cells. Palmitic acid, the end product of FAS catalyzed reaction, rescued the ER stress and autophagy induced by alpha-mangostin. Cell apoptosis was markedly promoted by inhibiting ER stress and autophagy while treating cells with alpha-mangostin. Conclusion We propose a hypothesis that a combination of FAS inhibition and ER stress and autophagy inhibition has an application potential in the chemoprevention and treatment of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0869-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Huang
- 1College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yan Liang
- 2School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11 Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- 1College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
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29
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Ge Y, Xu X, Liang Q, Xu Y, Huang M. α-Mangostin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation via promoting autophagy in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages and protects against CLP-induced sepsis in mice. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:471-479. [PMID: 30927050 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major mechanism of sepsis is immunosuppression caused by host response dysfunction. It has been found that α-Mangostin (α-M) is a potential candidate as a treatment for multiple inflammatory and immune disorders. To date, the role of α-M in host response during sepsis remains unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we examined the effect of α-M on macrophages-mediated host response in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the vital organ function, inflammatory response, and survival rate in septic mice. In murine peritoneal macrophages, α-M induced autophagy and then inhibited LPS-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Moreover, α-M improved phagocytosis and killing of macrophages, and increased M2 macrophages numbers after LPS stimulation. Furthermore, in vivo experiment suggested that α-M reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatinine (Cr), whilst increased that of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings showed that α-M-mediated macrophages autophagy contributed to NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation and α-M exerted organ protection in septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qiqiang Liang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yongshan Xu
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Aizat WM, Jamil IN, Ahmad-Hashim FH, Noor NM. Recent updates on metabolite composition and medicinal benefits of mangosteen plant. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6324. [PMID: 30755827 PMCID: PMC6368837 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit has a unique sweet-sour taste and is rich in beneficial compounds such as xanthones. Mangosteen originally been used in various folk medicines to treat diarrhea, wounds, and fever. More recently, it had been used as a major component in health supplement products for weight loss and for promoting general health. This is perhaps due to its known medicinal benefits, including as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation. Interestingly, publications related to mangosteen have surged in recent years, suggesting its popularity and usefulness in research laboratories. However, there are still no updated reviews (up to 2018) in this booming research area, particularly on its metabolite composition and medicinal benefits. METHOD In this review, we have covered recent articles within the years of 2016 to 2018 which focus on several aspects including the latest findings on the compound composition of mangosteen fruit as well as its medicinal usages. RESULT Mangosteen has been vastly used in medicinal areas including in anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetes treatments. Furthermore, we have also described the benefits of mangosteen extract in protecting various human organs such as liver, skin, joint, eye, neuron, bowel, and cardiovascular tissues against disorders and diseases. CONCLUSION All in all, this review describes the numerous manipulations of mangosteen extracted compounds in medicinal areas and highlights the current trend of its research. This will be important for future directed research and may allow researchers to tackle the next big challenge in mangosteen study: drug development and human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Mohd Aizat
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ili Nadhirah Jamil
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Bonafè F, Pazzini C, Marchionni S, Guarnieri C, Muscari C. Complete Disaggregation of MCF-7-derived Breast Tumour Spheroids with Very Low Concentrations of α-Mangostin Loaded in CD44 Thioaptamer-tagged Nanoparticles. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:33-42. [PMID: 30662326 PMCID: PMC6332479 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: α-Mangostin (αMG) is a natural substance that exerts a wide range of antitumor effects. Recently, we described that free αMG was able to dissociate multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTSs) generated from breast carcinoma cells and to reduce their cellular viability and motility. Here, αMG was encapsulated into lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), conjugated or not to a CD44 thioaptamer, and the anticancer action evaluated against MCF-7 breast MCTSs. Methods: NPs containing αMG were formulated with a core of polylactic-co-glycolyc acid. Some of them were decorated with a CD44 thioaptamer using as catalysts 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide. Both size and density of MCF-7-derived MCTSs were monitored during 72 h of treatment with NPs carrying 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml final concentrations of αMG. MCTSs were cultured on Matrigel or gelatine to better simulate the extracellular environment. Results: The NPs without thioaptamer and conveying 0.1 μg/ml αMG caused a significant dissociation of the MCTSs grown in gelatine after 24 h of treatment (p < 0.01). The most significant disaggregation of MCTSs was obtained using NPs carrying 0.5 μg/ml αMG (p < 0.01). A similar dissociating effect was observed when MCTSs were cultured in Matrigel under the same conditions for 48 - 72 h. By contrast, only concentrations over 1.0 μg/ml of free αMG were able to provoke a damage to MCTSs, consisting in a substantial reduction in their size (p < 0.05). Since the MCTS dissociation induced by αMG-loaded NPs occurred only in the presence of Matrigel or gelatine, an impairment of cell contacts to collagen fibres was likely responsible of this effect. Finally, the treatment of MCTSs with αMG-loaded NPs that were conjugated to the CD44 thioaptamer caused a similar decrease in density but a lower expansion of the spheroid, suggesting that a significant number of cells were died or arrested in cycle. Conclusion: Very low concentrations of αMG delivered by lipidic NPs are sufficient to provoke a substantial disaggregation of MCF-7 MCTSs that involves cell-to-collagen contacts. Similarly, the treatment of MCTSs with NPs conjugated to a CD44 thioaptamer leads to MCTS dissociation but through a more damaging action that causes also a reduction in cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonafè
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Pazzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchionni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Guarnieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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