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Przewłócka K, Korewo-Labelle D, Berezka P, Karnia MJ, Kaczor JJ. Current Aspects of Selected Factors to Modulate Brain Health and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1842. [PMID: 38931198 PMCID: PMC11206260 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of current aspects related to nutritional strategies, brain modulation, and muscle recovery, focusing on their applications and the underlying mechanisms of physiological adaptation for promoting a healthy brain, not only in athletes but also for recreationally active and inactive individuals. We propose that applying the rule, among others, of good sleep, regular exercise, and a properly balanced diet, defined as "SPARKS", will have a beneficial effect on the function and regeneration processes of the gut-brain-muscle axis. However, adopting the formula, among others, of poor sleep, stress, overtraining, and dysbiosis, defined as "SMOULDER", will have a detrimental impact on the function of this axis and consequently on human health as well as on athletes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing brain health and cognitive function. This review highlights the significance of these factors for overall well-being, suggesting that adopting the "SPARKS" approach may benefit not only athletes but also older adults and individuals with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Division of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Daria Korewo-Labelle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Berezka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
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Bayram B, Senarslan DA, Sengel A, Ozturk T, Onur E, Iskesen I. Does remote ischemic preconditioning affect the systemic inflammatory response by modulating presepsin levels? Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:388-393. [PMID: 38761055 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241255495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) on the inflammatory response during CPB by means of serum presepsin levels at preoperative and postoperative 1st and 24th h. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study we included 81 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients were randomized and RIPC was applied to 40 patients in the study group before anesthesia. The remaining 41 patients were determined as the control group. The relationships between RIPC and factors such as presepsin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte levels were investigated. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in postoperative leukocyte and CRP values (p = 0.52, p = 0.13, respectively). When the preoperative and postoperative first hour presepsin values of the patients were compared, no significant difference was found in the control group (p = 0.17), but a significant difference was found in the study group (p < 0.05). When the presepsin values were compared between the groups, a significant difference was found only in the postoperative first hour value (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was observed that RIPC application caused to increase the presepsin levels in the postoperative first hour significantly in the study group (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barıs Bayram
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Arife Sengel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tulun Ozturk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ece Onur
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Iskesen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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3
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Tian C, Wang A, Huang H, Chen Y. Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:118. [PMID: 38532332 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal experiments have confirmed that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injuries (HIRIs), significantly improving early tissue perfusion and oxygenation of the residual liver after resections, accelerating surgical prognoses, and improving survival rates. However, there is still controversy over the role of RIPC in relieving HIRI in clinical studies, which warrants clarification. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects and applicability of RIPC in hepatectomy and to provide evidence-based information for clinical decision-making. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of RIPC interventions were collected, comparing RIPC to no preconditioning in patients undergoing hepatectomies. This search spanned from database inception to January 2024. Data were extracted independently by two researchers according to the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcomes assessed were postoperative alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and albumin (ALB) levels. The secondary outcomes assessed included duration of surgery and Pringle, length of postoperative hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, hepatocyte apoptosis index, postoperative complications, and others. RESULTS Ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 865 patients (428 in the RIPC group and 437 in the control group). ALT levels in the RIPC group were lower than those in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 1 (WMD = - 59.24, 95% CI: - 115.04 to - 3.45; P = 0.04) and POD 3 (WMD = - 27.47, 95% CI: - 52.26 to - 2.68; P = 0.03). However, heterogeneities were significant (I2 = 89% and I2 = 78%), and ALT levels on POD 3 were unstable based on a sensitivity analysis. AST levels on POD 1 in the RIPC group were lower than those in the control group (WMD = - 50.03, 95% CI: - 94.35 to - 5.71; P = 0.03), but heterogeneity was also significant (I2 = 81%). A subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in ALT and AST levels on POD 1 between groups, regardless of whether the Pringle maneuver or propofol was used for anesthesia (induction only or induction and maintenance, P > 0.05). The remaining outcome indicators were not statistically significant or could not be analyzed due to lack of sufficient data. CONCLUSION RIPC has some short-term liver protective effects on HIRIs during hepatectomies. However, there is still insufficient evidence to encourage its routine use to improve clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022333383).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Yongchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Youwan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Yongchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang X. Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24757. [PMID: 38317957 PMCID: PMC10839892 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preconditioning is a promising strategy against ischemic brain injury, and numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated its neuroprotective effects. However, at present there is no bibliometric analysis of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, a comprehensive overview of the current status, hot spots, and emerging trends in this research field is necessary. Materials and methods Studies on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia from January 1999-December 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. CiteSpace was used for data mining and visual analysis. Results A total of 1738 papers on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia were included in the study. The annual publications showed an upwards and then downwards trend but currently remain high in terms of annual publications. The US was the leading country, followed by China, the most active country in recent years. Capital Medical University published the largest number of articles. Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A contributed the most publications, while KITAGAWA K was the most cited author. The focus of the study covered three areas: (1) relevant diseases and experimental models, (2) types of preconditioning and stimuli, and (3) mechanisms of ischemic tolerance. Remote ischemic preconditioning, preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and inflammation are the frontiers of research in this field. Conclusion Our study provides a visual and scientific overview of research on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia, providing valuable information and new directions for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo TCM-Integrated Hospital, Zibo ,255026, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- Division of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, China
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Yu Q, Chen S, Li J, Tang H, Shi J, Guo W, Zhang S. Mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 alleviates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting TAK1/JNK/p38 pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11110. [PMID: 37429895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP5) is a member of the MKP family and has been implicated in diverse biological and pathological conditions. However, it is unknown what role MKP5 plays in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, we used MKP5 global knockout (KO) and MKP5 overexpressing mice to establish a liver I/R injury model in vivo, and MKP5 knockdown or MKP5 overexpressing HepG2 cells to establish a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. In this study we demonstrated that protein expression of MKP5 was significantly downregulated in liver tissue of mice after I/R injury, and HepG2 cells subjected to H/R injury. MKP5 KO or knockdown significantly increased liver injury, as demonstrated by elevated serum transaminases, hepatocyte necrosis, infiltrating inflammatory cells, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, oxidative stress. Conversely, MKP5 overexpression significantly attenuated liver and cell injury. Furthermore, we showed that MKP5 exerted its protective effect by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 activity, and its action was dependent on Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity. According to our results, MKP5 inhibited the TAK1/JNK/p38 pathway to protect liver from I/R injury. Our study identifies a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sanyang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiye Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Tang B, Luo Z, Zhang R, Zhang D, Nie G, Li M, Dai Y. An update on the molecular mechanism and pharmacological interventions for Ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in autophagy. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110665. [PMID: 37004834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important signaling pathway maintaining normal cell function and homeostasis in vivo. The AMPK/mTOR pathway regulates cellular proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is secondary damage that frequently occurs clinically in various disease processes and treatments, and the exacerbated injury during tissue reperfusion increases disease-associated morbidity and mortality. IRI arises from multiple complex pathological mechanisms, among which cell autophagy is a focus of recent research and a new therapeutic target. The activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling in IRI can modulate cellular metabolism and regulate cell proliferation and immune cell differentiation by adjusting gene transcription and protein synthesis. Thus, the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway has been intensively investigated in studies focused on IRI prevention and treatment. In recent years, AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy has been found to play a crucial role in IRI treatment. This article aims to elaborate the action mechanisms of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway activation in IRI and summarize the progress of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy research in the field of IRI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Zhijian Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Guojun Nie
- The First Outpatient Department of People's Liberation Army Western Theater General Hospital, Cheng Du, Sichuan Province 61000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
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Ling S, You Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao S, He Y, Chen X. The role of γδ T17 cells in cardiovascular disease. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1649-1661. [PMID: 36073777 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0822-761rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability of γδ T cells to bridge adaptive and innate immunity, γδ T cells can respond to a variety of molecular cues and acquire the ability to induce a variety of cytokines such as IL-17 family, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10. IL-17+ γδ T cells (γδ T17 cells) populations have recently received considerable interest as they are the major early source of IL-17A in many immune response models. However, the exact mechanism of γδ T17 cells is still poorly understood, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the world, and it tends to be younger. Here, we offer a review of the cardiovascular inflammatory and immune functions of γδ T17 cells in order to understand their role in CVD, which may be the key to developing new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxue Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zonghao You
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- School of Intergrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Su AC, Zhang LY, Zhang JG, Hu YY, Liu XY, Li SC, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Regulation of Autophagy by p38 MAPK-PPARγ Signaling During the Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:838-849. [PMID: 35944278 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicated that autophagy activation participates in brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP). However, the mechanism of autophagy activation during the process still remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of p38 MAPK-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling cascade in autophagy during the CIP-induced BIT. The results shown that, initially, autophagy activation was observed after CIP in the model of global cerebral ischemia in rats, as was indicated by the upregulation of Beclin 1 expression, an increase in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, the enhanced LC3 immunofluorescence, and a rise in the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area. Besides, the inhibitor of autophagy 3-methyladenine obliterated the neuroprotection induced by CIP. Furthermore, the upregulation of p-p38 MAPK and PPARγ expressions was earlier than autophagy activation after CIP. In addition, pretreatment with SB203580 (the inhibitor of p38 MAPK) reversed CIP-induced PPARγ upregulation, autophagy activation, and neuroprotection. Pretreatment with GW9662 (the inhibitor of PPARγ) reversed autophagy activation and neuroprotection, while it had no effect on p-p38 MAPK upregulation induced by CIP. These data suggested that the p38 MAPK-PPARγ signaling pathway participates in autophagy activation during the induction of BIT by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Chou Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Shaping of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Events: The Crucial Role of Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040688. [PMID: 35203337 PMCID: PMC8870414 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major hurdle in many clinical scenarios, including liver resection and transplantation. Various studies and countless surgical events have led to the observation of a strong correlation between HIRI induced by liver transplantation and early allograft-dysfunction development. The detrimental impact of HIRI has driven the pursuit of new ways to alleviate its adverse effects. At the core of HIRI lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Various studies, from both animal models and in clinical settings, have clearly shown that mitochondrial function is severely hampered by HIRI and that its preservation or restoration is a key indicator of successful organ recovery. Several strategies have been thus implemented throughout the years, targeting mitochondrial function. This work briefly discusses some the most utilized approaches, ranging from surgical practices to pharmacological interventions and highlights how novel strategies can be investigated and implemented by intricately discussing the way mitochondrial function is affected by HIRI.
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