Reduction of pl-CSA through ChSy-2 knockout inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma in JEG3 cells

The prognostic implications and tumor-promoting functions of CHSY3 in gastric cancer

Chondroitin sulfate synthase 3 (CHSY3) is an important enzyme that regulates glycosylation, but its role in tumors has not been determined. Here, we showed that high CHSY3 expression promotes proliferation in gastric cancer (GC) cells and is associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. We analyzed the immunohistochemistry data of 150 gastric cancer patients to determine the clinicopathological and survival significance of CHSY3. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the colocalization of CHSY3 with infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, CHSY3 was predominantly found in tumor tissues and showed higher abundance compared to matched adjacent tissues. High CHSY3 expression was associated with more advanced tumor stage, higher recurrence risk and worse survival. Immunohistochemistry and bioinformatic analysis revealed that CHSY3 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. Moreover, after knocking down CHSY3, the proliferation of cells was decreased, and the migration ability was reduced, as shown by scratch, monoclonal and transwell assays. In conclusion, this study revealed that CHSY3 has a tumor-promoting effect on GC, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy against this disease.

CHSY3 can be a Poor Prognostic Biomarker and Mediates Immune Evasion in Stomach Adenocarcinoma

Background: Chondroitin sulphate synthase 3 (CHSY3) is an important enzyme that regulates glycosylation, but it has not been reported in tumours. This study explored for the first time the oncological features of CHSY3 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods: We analysed CHSY3 expression in STAD through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and verified our findings by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot experiments. The prognostic value of CHSY3 in STAD was analysed through the biological aspects of CHSY3 in STAD, such as communal clinical follow-up survival data, methylation sites, tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and immune cell surface checkpoints. Finally, the immune-evasion potential of CHSY3 in STAD was assessed on the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) website and immunohistochemical staining experiment.

Results:CHSY3 overexpression in STAD was associated with a poor prognosis based on immunohistochemical staining and Western blot experiments. Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that CHSY3 could be an independent prognostic risk factor. Pathway enrichment and TIME analysis demonstrated that CHSY3 up-regulated mesenchymal activation and immune activation signals in STAD, while TIDE assessment revealed that the risk of immune evasion was significantly higher in the high CHSY3 expression group than in the low CHSY3 expression group. Risk model scores based on CHSY3-associated immune cell surface checkpoints also presented poor prognosis, and immune evasion was significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group.

Conclusions: This study analysed CHSY3 from multiple biological perspectives and revealed that CHSY3 can be a biomarker of poor prognosis and mediates the TIME immune-evasion status in STAD.