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Disruption of Chromatin Dynamics by Hypotonic Stress Suppresses HR and Shifts DSB Processing to Error-Prone SSA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010957. [PMID: 34681628 PMCID: PMC8535785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) depends on the dynamic characteristics of chromatin. To investigate how abrupt changes in chromatin compaction alter these dynamics and affect DSB processing and repair, we exposed irradiated cells to hypotonic stress (HypoS). Densitometric and chromosome-length analyses show that HypoS transiently decompacts chromatin without inducing histone modifications known from regulated local chromatin decondensation, or changes in Micrococcal Nuclease (MNase) sensitivity. HypoS leaves undisturbed initial stages of DNA-damage-response (DDR), such as radiation-induced ATM activation and H2AX-phosphorylation. However, detection of ATM-pS1981, γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci is reduced in a protein, cell cycle phase and cell line dependent manner; likely secondary to chromatin decompaction that disrupts the focal organization of DDR proteins. While HypoS only exerts small effects on classical nonhomologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and alternative end-joining (alt-EJ), it markedly suppresses homologous recombination (HR) without affecting DNA end-resection at DSBs, and clearly enhances single-strand annealing (SSA). These shifts in pathway engagement are accompanied by decreases in HR-dependent chromatid-break repair in the G2-phase, and by increases in alt-EJ and SSA-dependent chromosomal translocations. Consequently, HypoS sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced killing. We conclude that HypoS-induced global chromatin decompaction compromises regulated chromatin dynamics and genomic stability by suppressing DSB-processing by HR, and allowing error-prone processing by alt-EJ and SSA.
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Potassium and Chloride Ion Channels in Cancer: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapeutics. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:135-155. [PMID: 34291318 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of diseases caused by specific changes at the genomic level that support cell proliferation indefinitely. Traditionally, ion channels are known to control a variety of cellular processes including electrical signal generation and transmission, secretion, and contraction by controlling ionic gradients. However, recent studies had brought to light important facts on ion channels in cancer biology.In this review we discuss the mechanism linking potassium or chloride ion channel activity to biochemical pathways controlling proliferation in cancer cells and the potential advantages of targeting ion channels as an anticancer therapeutic option.
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Zhong J, Qin Z, Yu H, Liu X, Li C, Shi J, Mao J, Xu B. NPPB prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation by blocking volume-activated Cl - current. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:501-510. [PMID: 31659404 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) is a non-specific chloride channel blocker. Peritoneal adhesion is an inevitable complication of abdominal surgery and remains an important clinical problem, leading to chronic pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of NPPB on peritoneal adhesions and uncover the underlying mechanism. The formation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions was induced by mechanical injury to the peritoneum of rats. MTT assay and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate proliferation and migration of primary cultured adhesion fibroblasts (AFB) respectively. Whole-cell chloride currents were measured using a fully automated patch-clamp workstation. Cell volume changes were monitored by light microscopy and video imaging. Our results demonstrated that NPPB could significantly prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesion in rats and inhibit the proliferation of AFB in a concentration-dependent manner. NPPB also reduced the migration of AFB cells with an IC50 of 53.09 μM. A 47% hypotonic solution successfully activated the ICl,vol in AFB cells. The current could be blocked by extracellular treatment with NPPB. Moreover, 100 μM NPPB almost completely eliminated the capacity of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in these cells. These data indicate that NPPB could prevent the formation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. The possible mechanism may be through the inhibition of the proliferation and migration of AFB cells by modulating ICl,vol and cell volume. These results suggest a potential clinical use of NPPB for preventing the formation of peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Qin
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Yu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Liu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Shi
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Shiozaki A, Yamazato Y, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Effect of low temperature on the regulation of cell volume after hypotonic shock in gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:905-914. [PMID: 31432150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peritoneal lavage with distilled water performed after surgery prevents peritoneal seeding, cancer cells may avoid rupture under mild hypotonicity through regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which is the homeostatic regulation of ion and water transport. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low temperature on cell volume and cell death under hypoosmolal conditions and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). Three human GC cell lines (NUGC4, KATO‑III and MKN45) were exposed to hypotonic solutions, and the effects of low temperature on cell volume and viability were examined. Low temperature‑induced changes in membrane transporters were evaluated, and knockdown and overexpression experiments were conducted to determine their effects on cell volume during hypotonic stimulation. Low temperature (24˚C) during hypotonic stimulation inhibited RVD and enhanced the cytocidal effects on GC cells. The expression of leucine‑rich repeat containing protein A (LRRC8A), a component of a Cl‑ channel, was decreased, and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression was increased at low temperatures. LRRC8A knockdown markedly slowed the decrease in cell volume following cell swelling by hypotonic shock. AQP5 overexpression enhanced initial cell swelling after hypotonic shock and increased the final cell volume. These results suggest that a hypotonic solution at low temperature increased initial water influx via activation of AQP5 and decreased Cl‑ efflux via inhibition of LRRC8A. Therefore, low temperature enhanced the hypotonicity‑induced cytocidal effects on GC cells, and these results may contribute to the development of a novel lavage method effective in reducing peritoneal recurrence in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamazato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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Marunaka Y. The Proposal of Molecular Mechanisms of Weak Organic Acids Intake-Induced Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus via Elevation of Interstitial Fluid pH. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103244. [PMID: 30347717 PMCID: PMC6214001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains powerful pH-buffering molecules such as hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin, while interstitial fluids have little pH-buffering molecules. Thus, even under metabolic disorder conditions except severe cases, arterial blood pH is kept constant within the normal range (7.35~7.45), but the interstitial fluid pH under metabolic disorder conditions becomes lower than the normal level. Insulin resistance is one of the most important key factors in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, nevertheless the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance occurrence is still unclear. Our studies indicate that lowered interstitial fluid pH occurs in diabetes mellitus, causing insulin resistance via reduction of the binding affinity of insulin to its receptor. Therefore, the key point for improvement of insulin resistance occurring in diabetes mellitus is development of methods or techniques elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH. Intake of weak organic acids is found to improve the insulin resistance by elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH in diabetes mellitus. One of the molecular mechanisms of the pH elevation is that: (1) the carboxyl group (R-COO−) but not H+ composing weak organic acids in foods is absorbed into the body, and (2) the absorbed the carboxyl group (R-COO−) behaves as a pH buffer material, elevating the interstitial fluid pH. On the other hand, high salt intake has been suggested to cause diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. A possible mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus is proposed from a viewpoint of regulation of the interstitial fluid pH: high salt intake lowers the interstitial fluid pH via high production of H+ associated with ATP synthesis required for the Na+,K+-ATPase to extrude the high leveled intracellular Na+ caused by high salt intake. This review article introduces the molecular mechanism causing the lowered interstitial fluid pH and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, the improvement of insulin resistance via intake of weak organic acid-containing foods, and a proposal mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
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Kosuga T, Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Yamazato Y, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, Konishi H, Okamoto K, Shoda K, Arita T, Morimura R, Murayama Y, Kuriu Y, Ikoma H, Nakanishi M, Fujiwara H, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Blockade of potassium ion transports enhances hypotonicity-induced cytocidal effects in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101394-101405. [PMID: 29254173 PMCID: PMC5731883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal lavage with distilled water has been used for surgeries of various cancers to reduce peritoneal recurrence. This study examined whether blockade of potassium ion transports enhances hypotonicity-induced cytocidal effects in gastric cancer (GC). Results A potassium channel blocker inhibited the occurrence of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) induced by mild hypotonic stimulation, and significantly enhanced cytocidal effects on GC cells. Incubating MKN45 cells with hypotonic solutions containing a potassium channel blocker significantly reduced the formation of peritoneal metastases in nude mice. Methods The three human GC cell lines (HGC-27, Kato III, and MKN45) were exposed to mild hypotonic solutions, and the effects of blockade of potassium ion transports during hypotonic stimulation on cell volume changes and cell viabilities were examined. In the in vivo study, MKN45 cells stimulated with mild hypotonic solutions were intraperitoneally injected into nude mice, and the effects of blockade of potassium ion transports during hypotonic stimulation on the formation of peritoneal metastases were evaluated. Conclusions Blockade of potassium ion transports enhances hypotonicity-induced cytocidal effects on GC cells, which may contribute to development of a novel lavage method for further reduction of peritoneal recurrence in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamazato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Murayama
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuriu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakanishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Volume is an essential characteristic of a cell, and this review describes the main methods of its measurement that have been used in the past several decades. The discussed methods include various implementations of light scattering, estimates based on one or two cell dimensions, surface scanning, fluorescence confocal and transmission slice-by-slice imaging, intracellular volume markers, displacement of extracellular solution, quantitative phase imaging, radioactive methods, and some others. Suitability of these methods to some typical samples and applications is discussed. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Kosuga T, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Regulation of osmolality for cancer treatment. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:353-360. [PMID: 28185236 PMCID: PMC10716996 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis, and its management in the peritoneal or pleural cavity is crucial in the treatment of cancer. Recent studies show that ion and water transporters play important roles in fundamental cellular functions, including the regulation of cell volume that would be involved in the cancer process. Here, we review the evidence for hypotonic treatments of cancer and evaluate the potential of the cellular physiological approach in clinical management. The regulation of extracellular osmolality is a promising method, with several studies demonstrating the cytocidal effects of hypotonic solution on cancer cells. Peritoneal lavage with distilled water (DW) during surgery is reported to improve the survival rate of patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. The in vitro studies included in this review also indicate the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on esophageal, gastric, colonic, pancreatic, and liver cancer cells with several unique methods and apparatuses, such as a differential interference contrast microscope connected to a digital video camera, a high-resolution flow cytometer and re-incubation analysis. The in vivo studies demonstrate the safeness of a peritoneal injection of DW into mice and indicate that the development of dissemination nodules can be prevented by the pre-incubation of cancer cells with DW or the peritoneal injection of DW. We also demonstrate that the blockade of Cl- channels/transporters enhances the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock by inhibiting regulatory volume decrease in various cancer cells. A deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms may lead to the discovery of these cellular physiological approaches as a novel therapeutic strategy for disseminated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan.
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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