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Stark M, Levin M, Ulitsky I, Assaraf YG. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase mRNA G-quadruplexes regulate its cell protrusion localization and enhance a cancer cell invasive phenotype upon folate repletion. BMC Biol 2023; 21:13. [PMID: 36721160 PMCID: PMC9889130 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folates are crucial for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, essential for cell proliferation and development. Folate deficiency induces DNA damage, developmental defects, and tumorigenicity. The obligatory enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) mediates intracellular folate retention via cytosolic and mitochondrial folate polyglutamylation. Our previous paper demonstrated the association of the cytosolic FPGS (cFPGS) with the cytoskeleton and various cell protrusion proteins. Based on these recent findings, the aim of the current study was to investigate the potential role of cFPGS at cell protrusions. RESULTS Here we uncovered a central role for two G-quadruplex (GQ) motifs in the 3'UTR of FPGS mediating the localization of cFPGS mRNA and protein at cell protrusions. Using the MBSV6-loop reporter system and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that following folate deprivation, cFPGS mRNA is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas upon 15 min of folate repletion, this mRNA is rapidly translocated to cell protrusions in a 3'UTR- and actin-dependent manner. The actin dependency of this folate-induced mRNA translocation is shown by treatment with Latrunculin B and inhibitors of the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) pathway. Upon folate repletion, the FPGS 3'UTR GQs induce an amoeboid/mesenchymal hybrid cell phenotype during migration and invasion through a collagen gel matrix. Targeted disruption of the 3'UTR GQ motifs by introducing point mutations or masking them by antisense oligonucleotides abrogated cell protrusion targeting of cFPGS mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the GQ motifs within the 3'UTR of FPGS regulate its transcript and protein localization at cell protrusions in response to a folate cue, inducing cancer cell invasive phenotype. These novel findings suggest that the 3'UTR GQ motifs of FPGS constitute an attractive druggable target aimed at inhibition of cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stark
- grid.6451.60000000121102151The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - May Levin
- grid.6451.60000000121102151The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel ,grid.507132.2Present address: May Levin, MeMed Diagnostics Ltd, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- grid.6451.60000000121102151The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
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2
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Dang TT, Lerner M, Saunders D, Smith N, Gulej R, Zalles M, Towner RA, Morales JC. XRN2 Is Required for Cell Motility and Invasion in Glioblastomas. Cells 2022; 11:1481. [PMID: 35563787 PMCID: PMC9100175 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles in treating brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme, is the occurrence of secondary tumor lesions that arise in areas of the brain and are inoperable while obtaining resistance to current therapeutic agents. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the cellular factors that regulate glioblastoma multiforme cellular movement is imperative. In our study, we demonstrate that the 5'-3' exoribonuclease XRN2 is important to the invasive nature of glioblastoma. A loss of XRN2 decreases cellular speed, displacement, and movement through a matrix of established glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Additionally, a loss of XRN2 abolishes tumor formation in orthotopic mouse xenograft implanted with G55 glioblastoma multiforme cells. One reason for these observations is that loss of XRN2 disrupts the expression profile of several cellular factors that are important for tumor invasion in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Importantly, XRN2 mRNA and protein levels are elevated in glioblastoma multiforme patient samples. Elevation in XRN2 mRNA also correlates with poor overall patient survival. These data demonstrate that XRN2 is an important cellular factor regulating one of the major obstacles in treating glioblastomas and is a potential molecular target that can greatly enhance patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen T. Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sttephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Debra Saunders
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.S.); (N.S.); (R.G.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.S.); (N.S.); (R.G.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.S.); (N.S.); (R.G.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.S.); (N.S.); (R.G.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.S.); (N.S.); (R.G.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Julio C. Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sttephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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3
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Radaszkiewicz T, Nosková M, Gömöryová K, Vondálová Blanářová O, Radaszkiewicz KA, Picková M, Víchová R, Gybeľ T, Kaiser K, Demková L, Kučerová L, Bárta T, Potěšil D, Zdráhal Z, Souček K, Bryja V. RNF43 inhibits WNT5A-driven signaling and suppresses melanoma invasion and resistance to the targeted therapy. eLife 2021; 10:65759. [PMID: 34702444 PMCID: PMC8550759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and known negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We demonstrate that RNF43 is also a regulator of noncanonical WNT5A-induced signaling in human cells. Analysis of the RNF43 interactome using BioID and immunoprecipitation showed that RNF43 can interact with the core receptor complex components dedicated to the noncanonical Wnt pathway such as ROR1, ROR2, VANGL1, and VANGL2. RNF43 triggers VANGL2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and clathrin-dependent internalization of ROR1 receptor and inhibits ROR2 activation. These activities of RNF43 are physiologically relevant and block pro-metastatic WNT5A signaling in melanoma. RNF43 inhibits responses to WNT5A, which results in the suppression of invasive properties of melanoma cells. Furthermore, RNF43 prevented WNT5A-assisted development of resistance to BRAF V600E and MEK inhibitors. Next, RNF43 acted as melanoma suppressor and improved response to targeted therapies in vivo. In line with these findings, RNF43 expression decreases during melanoma progression and RNF43-low patients have a worse prognosis. We conclude that RNF43 is a newly discovered negative regulator of WNT5A-mediated biological responses that desensitizes cells to WNT5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nosková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Picková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ráchel Víchová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Demková
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kučerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bárta
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Manjunath Y, Porciani D, Mitchem JB, Suvilesh KN, Avella DM, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Burke DH, Li G, Kaifi JT. Tumor-Cell-Macrophage Fusion Cells as Liquid Biomarkers and Tumor Enhancers in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1872. [PMID: 32182935 PMCID: PMC7084898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression have been extensively studied, the biological nature of the various populations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within the blood is still not well understood. Tumor cell fusion with immune cells is a longstanding hypothesis that has caught more attention in recent times. Specifically, fusion of tumor cells with macrophages might lead to the development of metastasis by acquiring features such as genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic resistance, and immune tolerance. In addition to the traditional FDA-approved definition of a CTC (CD45-, EpCAM+, cytokeratins 8+, 18+ or 19+, with a DAPI+ nucleus), an additional circulating cell population has been identified as being potential fusions cells, characterized by distinct, large, polymorphonuclear cancer-associated cells with a dual epithelial and macrophage/myeloid phenotype. Artificial fusion of tumor cells with macrophages leads to migratory, invasive, and metastatic phenotypes. Further studies might investigate whether these have a potential impact on the immune response towards the cancer. In this review, the background, evidence, and potential relevance of tumor cell fusions with macrophages is discussed, along with the potential role of intercellular connections in their formation. Such fusion cells could be a key component in cancer metastasis, and therefore, evolve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yariswamy Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (D.P.); (D.H.B.)
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Mitchem
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kanve N. Suvilesh
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
| | - Diego M. Avella
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Donald H. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (D.P.); (D.H.B.)
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (D.P.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Y.M.); (J.B.M.); (K.N.S.); (D.M.A.); (E.T.K.); (K.F.S.-O.); (G.L.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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5
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Abstract
A modified invasion assay using a three-dimensional collagen gel was developed that enables isolation of invasive living cells; it was named the invading cell trapping (iCT) assay. A small cell strainer consisting of a nylon mesh with 40-μm2 pores was used, and collagen gel layers formed across the membrane. Test cells were seeded in the lower gel layer and invasive cells were attracted upward and trapped in the upper gel. After incubation, the collagen gel layers in cell strainers were easily separated and living cells in the gel were counted and analyzed. An advantage of the iCT assay is that it can capture living invasive cells in the upper gel while leaving noninvasive ones in the lower layer. Further enrichment of the two cell populations can be achieved by repeating the assay. Thus, the iCT assay allows comparative analysis of invasive versus noninvasive cells.
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6
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Chitwood CA, Dietzsch C, Jacobs G, McArdle T, Freeman BT, Banga A, Noubissi FK, Ogle BM. Breast tumor cell hybrids form spontaneously in vivo and contribute to breast tumor metastases. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031907. [PMID: 31069316 PMCID: PMC6324215 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell fusion was suggested as a mechanism of metastasis about a century ago. Since then, many additional modes of material transfer (i.e., tunneling nanotubes, and exosomes) to generate cell hybrids have been identified. However, studies documenting spontaneous tumor hybrid formation in vivo as a mechanism that enables metastasis are still lacking. Here, we tested whether spontaneous hybrid formation in vivo contributes to bona fide metastatic tumors. We first used single cell RNASeq to analyze the gene expression profile of spontaneously formed cancer cell-stromal hybrids, and results revealed that hybrids exhibit a clustering pattern that is distinct from either parental cell and suggestive of substantial diversity of individual hybrids. Despite the newly gained diversity, hybrids can retain expression of critical genes of each parental cell. To assess the biological impact of cancer cell hybrids in vivo, we transfected murine mammary tumor cells, isolated from FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-PyVT)634Mul/J mice (PyVT) with Cre recombinase prior to injection to the murine fat pad of FVB.129S6(B6)-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(Luc)Kael/J mice such that luciferase expression is induced with hybrid formation; luciferase expression was tracked for up to four months. We observed that hybrid formation occurs spontaneously in vivo and that a significantly higher number of hybrids reside in metastases compared to the primary tumor, supporting the possibility that hybrids can emerge from the primary tumor and proliferate to help create a new tumor at a distant site. Additional studies are now warranted to delineate the mechanisms of cancer cell hybrid transit to metastases since drugs to inhibit hybrid formation might prevent metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felicite K Noubissi
- Department of Biology/RCMI, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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7
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McArdle TJ, Ogle BM, Noubissi FK. Moving Upwards: A Simple and Flexible In Vitro Three-dimensional Invasion Assay Protocol. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578529 DOI: 10.3791/56568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 3D invasion assays have been developed, the challenge remains to study cells without affecting the integrity of their microenvironment. Traditional 3D assays such as the Boyden Chamber require that cells are displaced from the original culture location and moved to a new environment. Not only does this disrupt the cellular processes that are intrinsic to the microenvironment, but it often results in a loss of cells. These problems are especially challenging when dealing with cells that are either rare, or extremely sensitive to their microenvironment. Here, we describe the development of a 3D invasion assay that avoids both concerns. In this assay, cells are plated within a small well and an ECM matrix containing a chemoattractant is laid atop the cells. This requires no cell displacement, and allows the cells to invade upwards into the matrix. In this assay, cell invasion as well as cell morphology can be assessed within the collagen gel. Using this assay, we characterize the invasive capacity of rare and sensitive cells; the hybrid cells resulting from fusion between breast cancer cells MCF7 and mesenchymal/multipotent stem/stroma cells (MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner J McArdle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
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8
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Hao R, Wei Y, Li C, Chen F, Chen D, Zhao X, Luan S, Fan B, Guo W, Wang J, Chen J. A Microfabricated 96-Well 3D Assay Enabling High-Throughput Quantification of Cellular Invasion Capabilities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43390. [PMID: 28240272 PMCID: PMC5327465 DOI: 10.1038/srep43390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a 96-well microfabricated assay to study three-dimensional (3D) invasion of tumor cells. A 3D cluster of tumor cells was first generated within each well by seeding cells onto a micro-patterned surface consisting of a central fibronectin-coated area that promotes cellular attachment, surrounded by a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) coated area that is resistant to cellular attachment. Following the formation of the 3D cell clusters, a 3D collagen extracellular matrix was formed in each well by thermal-triggered gelation. Invasion of the tumor cells into the extracellular matrix was subsequently initiated and monitored. Two modes of cellular infiltration were observed: A549 cells invaded into the extracellular matrix following the surfaces previously coated with PEG molecules in a pseudo-2D manner, while H1299 cells invaded into the extracellular matrix in a truly 3D manner including multiple directions. Based on the processing of 2D microscopic images, a key parameter, namely, equivalent invasion distance (the area of invaded cells divided by the circumference of the initial cell cluster) was obtained to quantify migration capabilities of these two cell types. These results validate the feasibility of the proposed platform, which may function as a high-throughput 3D cellular invasion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chaobo Li
- Microelectronics Equipment Research and Development Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Shaoliang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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9
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Noubissi FK, Ogle BM. Cancer Cell Fusion: Mechanisms Slowly Unravel. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091587. [PMID: 27657058 PMCID: PMC5037852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways driving invasion and metastasis have been studied for many years, the origin of the population of metastatic cells within the primary tumor is still not well understood. About a century ago, Aichel proposed that cancer cell fusion was a mechanism of cancer metastasis. This hypothesis gained some support over the years, and recently became the focus of many studies that revealed increasing evidence pointing to the possibility that cancer cell fusion probably gives rise to the metastatic phenotype by generating widespread genetic and epigenetic diversity, leading to the emergence of critical populations needed to evolve resistance to the treatment and development of metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the clinical relevance of cancer cell fusion, describe emerging mechanisms of cancer cell fusion, address why inhibiting cancer cell fusion could represent a critical line of attack to limit drug resistance and to prevent metastasis, and suggest one new modality for doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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