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Shahniani A, Bamzadeh Z, Mahmoudnia F, Rouhi L. Evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites isolated from soil Bacillus spp focusing on two strains of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus siamensis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 39367339 PMCID: PMC11451124 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus strains are well recognized for their inherent production of bioactive compounds that exhibit antibacterial and anticancer properties. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of the secondary metabolite isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus siamensis strain. MATERIAL AND METHOD We developed and purified a new soil-derived Bacillus strain to study its metabolites on cancer cells and bacteria. After evaluating the antimicrobial effects of the selected strains' secondary metabolites by well diffusion, growth conditions and temperature optimised using liquid-liquid extraction, secondary metabolites isolated, and active compounds identified using GC-MS. Evaluation of PC-3 and HPrEpC cytotoxicity. AV/PI staining and comet assay assessed necrosis and apoptosis. Real-time PCR measured apoptotic gene expression. Finally, the scratch test measured cell movement. RESULTS Bacillus strain metabolites exhibit dual-purpose antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Bacillus licheniformis isolate 56 and S2-G12 isolate 60 demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity. Among all Bacillus isolates, isolates 56 (Bacillus licheniformis) and 60 (Bacillus siamensis strain) had the highest antibacterial activity. Crude extracts obtained from strains 56 and 60 decreased PC-3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 µg/mL, the survival rate of cells treated with strain 56 and 60 crude extract was 23% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.001). The treatment of PC-3 cells with strains 56 and 60 crude extract led to considerable apoptosis (46.2% and 50.09%, respectively) compared to the control group. After treatment with the crude extract from strains 56 and 60 at an IC50 concentration, a significant number of PC-3 cells showed comet formation, indicating DNA fragmentation. Metabolites extracted from strain 56 and 60 enhanced caspase 3, caspase 8, and Bax genes expression and reduced Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.001). Cell migration was also prevented. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the secondary metabolites of B. licheniformis and B. siamensis have antibiotic and anticancer properties. However in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Shahniani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Zahra Bamzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Mahmoudnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Cellular and Developmental Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Sachdeva S, Sarethy IP. Diving into freshwater microbial metabolites: Pioneering research and future prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38887995 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2351153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In practically every facet of life, especially nutrition, agriculture, and healthcare, microorganisms offer a prospective origin for abundant natural substances and products. Among these microorganisms, bacteria also possess the capability to rapidly acclimate to diverse environments, utilize varied resources, and effectively respond to environmental fluctuations, including those influenced by human activities like pollution and climate change. The ever-changing environment of freshwater bodies influences bacterial communities, offering opportunities for improving health and environmental conservation that remain unexplored. Herein, the study discusses the bacterial taxa along with specialised metabolites with antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity that have been identified from freshwater environments, thus achieving Sustainable Development Goals addressing health and wellbeing (SDG-3), economic growth (SDG-8) along with industrial development (SDG-9). The present review is intended as a compendium for research teams working in the fields of medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, clinical research, and natural product chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sachdeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Indira P Sarethy
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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3
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Hosseini K, Ahangari H, Chapeland-leclerc F, Ruprich-Robert G, Tarhriz V, Dilmaghani A. Role of Fungal Infections in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Development: A Literature Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2022; 12:747-756. [PMID: 36415634 PMCID: PMC9675916 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious debilitating disease and one of the most common causes of death. In recent decades the high risk of various cancers enforced scientists to discover novel prevention and treatment methods to diminish the mortality of this terrifying disease. Accordingly, its prevention can be possible in near future. Based on epidemiological evidence, there is a clear link between pathogenic fungal infections and cancer development. This association is often seen in people with weakened immune systems such as the elderly and people with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS). Carcinoma in these people is first seen chronically and then acutely. Although the different genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in carcinogenesis, one of the most important risk factors is fungal species and infections associating with cancers etiology. Now it is known that microbial infection is responsible for initiating 2.2 million new cancer cases. In this way, many recent studies have focused on investigating the role and mechanism of fungal infections in diverse cancers occurrence. This review provides a comprehensive framework of the latest clinical findings and the association of fungal infections with versatile cancers including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, lung, cervical, skin, and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahangari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Florence Chapeland-leclerc
- Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Interdiciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Gwenael Ruprich-Robert
- Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Interdiciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Bio-Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Dilmaghani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Marzhoseyni Z, Shojaie L, Tabatabaei SA, Movahedpour A, Safari M, Esmaeili D, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Jalili A, Morshedi K, Khan H, Okhravi R, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Streptococcal bacterial components in cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:141-155. [PMID: 33753868 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cancer is steadily increasing all around the world, and there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatment strategies. Recently, bacterial therapy has been investigated as a new approach to target cancer, and is becoming a serious option. Streptococcus strains are among the most common and well-studied virulent bacteria that cause a variety of human infections. Everyone has experienced a sore throat during their lifetime, or has been asymptomatically colonized by streptococci. The ability of Streptococcus bacteria to fight cancer was discovered more than 100 years ago, and over the years has undergone clinical trials, but the mechanism is not yet completely understood. Recently, several animal models and human clinical trials have been reported. Streptococcal strains can have an intrinsic anti-tumor activity, or can activate the host immune system to fight the tumor. Bacteria can selectively accumulate and proliferate in the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. Moreover, the bacteria can be genetically engineered to secrete toxins or enzymes that can specifically attack the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Alireza Tabatabaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Safari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ranaa Okhravi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Jadimurthy R, Wang L, Sethi G, Garg M, Rangappa KS. Bacteria as a treasure house of secondary metabolites with anticancer potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:998-1013. [PMID: 33979675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stands in the frontline among leading killers worldwide and the annual mortality rate is expected to reach 16.4 million by 2040. Humans suffer from about 200 different types of cancers and many of them have a small number of approved therapeutic agents. Moreover, several types of major cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages as a result of which the existing therapies have limited efficacy against them and contribute to a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel potent anticancer agents to counteract cancer-driven lethality. Natural sources such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and marine microorganisms have been serving as an inexhaustible source of anticancer agents. Notably, over 13,000 natural compounds endowed with different pharmacological properties have been isolated from different bacterial sources. In the present article, we have discussed about the importance of natural products, with special emphasis on bacterial metabolites for cancer therapy. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the various sources, mechanisms of action, toxicity issues, and off-target effects of clinically used anticancer drugs (such as actinomycin D, bleomycin, carfilzomib, doxorubicin, ixabepilone, mitomycin C, pentostatin, rapalogs, and romidepsin) that have been derived from different bacteria. Furthermore, we have also discussed some of the major secondary metabolites (antimycins, chartreusin, elsamicins, geldanamycin, monensin, plicamycin, prodigiosin, rebeccamycin, salinomycin, and salinosporamide) that are currently in the clinical trials or which have demonstrated potent anticancer activity in preclinical models. Besides, we have elaborated on the application of metagenomics in drug discovery and briefly described about anticancer agents (bryostatin 1 and ET-743) identified through the metagenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
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Jazeela K, Chakraborty A, Kotian A, Aditya V, Kumar BK, Rai P, Karunasagar I, Deekshit VK. Phenotypic characterization of auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella and determination of its cytotoxicity, tumor inhibiting cytokine gene expression in cell line models. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2925-2939. [PMID: 33770232 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) strain (Salmonella Oslo) was phenotypically characterized in this study. The characterization was based on phenotype, morphology, motility, biofilm forming ability, growth kinetics, etc. The phenotypic results from the above experiments determined that the mutant showed variation in phenotypic characters from that of wild-type strain. Subsequently, mutant and wild-type NTS were subjected to epithelial cell invasion and intracellular replication assays. The real-time PCR analysis was also performed to analyse expression of tumor inhibiting cytokine genes and virulence genes post-bacterial infection in cell lines. The mutant showed highest invasion potential than wild-type NTS whereas the replication of mutant was slower in both the cell lines. Similar to the wild-type strain, the mutant also retained the cytotoxic potential when analysed in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α and IL-1β was upsurged with the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes like TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 post-infection of the mutant strain in cell lines. In addition, virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island one and two of mutant were downregulated in vitro except invA in HeLa cell line. Therefore, the auxotrophic mutant showed positive attributes of a potential antitumor agent in terms of expressing tumor inhibiting cytokine genes when assessed in vitro. Though the study did not check the tumor inhibitory effect of NTS strain directly, findings of the study emphasizes on the development of a novel strain of NTS with less virulence and more immunogenic traits to inhibit tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeeja Jazeela
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Kotian
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vankadari Aditya
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Mohammed AE, Sonbol H, Alwakeel SS, Alotaibi MO, Alotaibi S, Alothman N, Suliman RS, Ahmedah HT, Ali R. Investigation of biological activity of soil fungal extracts and LC/MS-QTOF based metabolite profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4760. [PMID: 33637771 PMCID: PMC7910297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is considered an extensively explored ecological niche for microorganisms that produce useful biologically active natural products suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The current study aimed at investigating biological activities and metabolic profiles of three fungal strains identified from different desert sites in Saudi Arabia. Soil fungal isolates were collected from AlQasab, Tabuk, and Almuzahimiyah in Saudi Arabia and identified. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli in blood, nutrient, and Sabouraud dextrose agars. Moreover, fungal extracts were evaluated on cell viability/proliferation against human breast carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. To identify the biomolecules of the fungal extracts, High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-DAD coupled to analytical LC-QTOF-MS method was employed for fungal ethyl acetate crude extract. Identified fungal isolates, Chaetomium sp. Bipolaris sp. and Fusarium venenatum showed varied inhibitory activity against tested microbes in relation to crude extract, microbial strain tested, and growth media. F. venenatum showed higher anticancer activity compared to Chaetomium sp. and Bipolaris sp. extracts against four of the tested cancer cell lines. Screening by HPLC and LC/MS-QTOF identified nine compounds from Chaetomium sp. and three from Bipolaris sp. however, for F. venenatum extracts compounds were not fully identified. In light of the present findings, some biological activities of fungal extracts were approved in vitro, suggesting that such extracts could be a useful starting point to find compounds that possess promising agents for medical applications. Further investigations to identify exact biomolecules from F. venenatum extracts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suaad Saleh Alwakeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sohailah Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alothman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabegh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Research, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Azizian K, Pustokhina I, Ghanavati R, Hamblin MR, Amini A, Kouhsari E. The potential use of theranostic bacteria in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4184-4194. [PMID: 33174198 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy approaches have not been fully successful in the treatment of cancer, due to limitations imposed by the pathophysiology of solid tumors, leading to nonspecific drug uptake by healthy cells, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer treatment are urgently required. Living bacteria can be used as a theranostic approach for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, we summarize the currently available literature focused on the advantages and challenges for the use of theranostic bacteria in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Azizian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Inna Pustokhina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Al-Hilu SA, Al-Shujairi WH. Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:4639761. [PMID: 32908523 PMCID: PMC7463420 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4639761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although what unifies the carcinogenic microorganisms has not been determined by multiple studies, the role of bacteria in the development of neoplasms has not been properly elucidated. In this review, we discuss links between the bacterial species and cancer, with focus on immune responses for the stimulation of tumor cells such as induction of inflammation. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies of bacteria on target tumors to improve treatment while mitigating adverse reactions. Cancer is a series of genetic changes that transform normal cells into tumor cells. These changes come from several reasons, including smoking, drinking alcohol, sunlight, exposure to chemical or physical factors, and finally chronic infection with microorganisms, including bacteria. In fact, bacterial infections are not carcinogenic, but recently it was discovered that the association between bacteria and cancer is through two mechanisms, the first stimulating chronic inflammation and the second producing carcinogenic metabolites. While bacteria are carcinogenic agents also, they have a dual role eliminating and removing tumor cells. However, the traditional cancer treatments that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy increase the chances of survival, and there are many side effects of these therapies, including the high toxicity of tissues and normal cells, could not penetrate the tumor cells, and resistance of these therapies by tumor cells. Therefore, the world has turned to an alternative solution, which is the use of genetically engineered microorganisms; thus, the use of living bacteria targeting cancerous cells is the unique option to overcome these challenges. Bacterial therapies, whether used alone or combination with chemotherapy, give a positive effect to treat multiple conditions of cancer. Also, bacteria can be used as vectors for drug, gene, or therapy, and this is a great step to treat cancer. Thus, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota residents with cancer. Cancer-associated bacteria differ from those in healthy human and are linked with gene-expression profile. We also discuss how live bacteria interact with tumor microenvironments to induce tumor regression through colonization and spread. Finally, we provide past and ongoing clinical trials that include bacteria targeting tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad A Al-Hilu
- Department of Biology/Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, 54001 Najaf, Iraq
| | - Wisam H Al-Shujairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, 51001 Hilla, Iraq
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11
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Lim D, Jung WC, Jeong JH, Song M. Targeted Delivery of the Mitochondrial Target Domain of Noxa to Tumor Tissue via Synthetic Secretion System in E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:840. [PMID: 32766235 PMCID: PMC7379172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drugs is a key aspect of the successful treatment of serious conditions such as tumors. In the pursuit of accurate delivery with high specificity and low size limit for peptide drugs, a synthetic type 3 secretion system (T3SS) has been repurposed from a native genetic system encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) with no virulence effectors. Here, we tested the potential of synthetic T3SS as drug delivery machinery for peptide-based drugs owing to its modular nature. First, the genetic system for synthetic T3SS was introduced into non-native host E. coli, which was chosen for its lack of Salmonella-driven virulence factors. Next, the mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD) of Noxa was tested as a cargo protein with anti-tumor activity. To this end, the gene encoding MTD was engineered for secretion through synthetic T3SS, thereby resulting in the tagged MTD at the N-terminus. When E. coli carrying synthetic T3SS and MTD on plasmids was administered into tumor-bearing mice, MTD with a secretion tag at the N-terminus was clearly detected in the tumor tissue after induction. Also, the tumor growth and mortality of tumor-bearing animals were mitigated by the cytotoxic activity of the delivered. Thus, this work potentiates the use of biotherapeutic bacteria for the treatment of tumors by implanting a dedicated delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woong Chae Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Miryoung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
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Yan S, Zeng X, Wang Y, Liu B. Biomineralization of Bacteria by a Metal-Organic Framework for Therapeutic Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000046. [PMID: 32400080 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic mineralization of live organisms shows extraordinary promise in biotechnology. However, their therapeutic applications have been insufficiently explored. Herein, it is demonstrated that metal-organic framework (MOF)-engineered bacteria are powerful carriers for tumor-targeted therapeutic delivery. Specifically, Escherichia coli (MG1655) is coated with a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 layer coloaded with a photosensitizer and chemical drug through a one-step in situ method. The as-prepared bacteria@MOF hybrid preserves its viability and tumor selectivity. It exhibits high therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in a combined chemo-photodynamic manner. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of engineered bacteria@MOFs for in vivo tumor treatment. This study opens a new horizon for the bioapplications of biomineralized organisms and may provide novel strategies against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqian Yan
- SZU‐NUS Collaborative Center and International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei BioinformaticsMolecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei BioinformaticsMolecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yu Wang
- SZU‐NUS Collaborative Center and International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Bi‐Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei BioinformaticsMolecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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Varas MA, Muñoz-Montecinos C, Kallens V, Simon V, Allende ML, Marcoleta AE, Lagos R. Exploiting Zebrafish Xenografts for Testing the in vivo Antitumorigenic Activity of Microcin E492 Against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32265865 PMCID: PMC7096547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the approaches to address cancer treatment is to develop new drugs not only to obtain compounds with less side effects, but also to have a broader set of alternatives to tackle the resistant forms of this pathology. In this regard, growing evidence supports the use of bacteria-derived peptides such as bacteriocins, which have emerged as promising anti-cancer molecules. In addition to test the activity of these molecules on cancer cells in culture, their in vivo antitumorigenic properties must be validated in animal models. Although the standard approach for such assays employs experiments in nude mice, at the initial stages of testing, the use of high-throughput animal models would permit rapid proof-of-concept experiments, screening a high number of compounds, and thus increasing the possibilities of finding new anti-cancer molecules. A validated and promising alternative animal model are zebrafish larvae harboring xenografts of human cancer cells. Here, we addressed the anti-cancer properties of the antibacterial peptide microcin E492 (MccE492), a bacteriocin produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae, showing that this peptide has a marked cytotoxic effect on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we developed a zebrafish xenograft model using these cells to test the antitumor effect of MccE492 in vivo, demonstrating that intratumor injection of this peptide significantly reduced the tumor cell mass. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence of the in vivo antitumoral properties of a bacteriocin tested in an animal model. This evidence strongly supports the potential of this bacteriocin for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena A Varas
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Kallens
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeska Simon
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Marcoleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosalba Lagos
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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