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Lv N, Huang C, Huang H, Dong Z, Chen X, Lu C, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Diseases: Drug Targets and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1970. [PMID: 38001822 PMCID: PMC10668987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a major class of phase II metabolic enzymes. Besides their essential role in detoxification, GSTs also exert diverse biological activities in the occurrence and development of various diseases. In the past few decades, much research interest has been paid to exploring the mechanisms of GST overexpression in tumor drug resistance. Correspondingly, many GST inhibitors have been developed and applied, solely or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tumors. Moreover, novel roles of GSTs in other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, have been recognized in recent years, although the exact regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review, firstly summarizes the roles of GSTs and their overexpression in the above-mentioned diseases with emphasis on the modulation of cell signaling pathways and protein functions. Secondly, specific GST inhibitors currently in pre-clinical development and in clinical stages are inventoried. Lastly, applications of GST inhibitors in targeting cell signaling pathways and intracellular biological processes are discussed, and the potential for disease treatment is prospected. Taken together, this review is expected to provide new insights into the interconnection between GST overexpression and human diseases, which may assist future drug discovery targeting GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Haoyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengcan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
- Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
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Arfin S, Kumar D, Lomagno A, Mauri PL, Di Silvestre D. Differentially Expressed Genes, miRNAs and Network Models: A Strategy to Shed Light on Molecular Interactions Driving HNSCC Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4420. [PMID: 37686696 PMCID: PMC10563081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for hundreds thousands deaths annually. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage and only a percentage respond favorably to therapies. To help fill this gap, we hereby propose a retrospective in silico study to shed light on gene-miRNA interactions driving the development of HNSCC. Moreover, to identify topological biomarkers as a source for designing new drugs. To achieve this, gene and miRNA profiles from patients and controls are holistically reevaluated using protein-protein interaction (PPI) and bipartite miRNA-target networks. Cytoskeletal remodeling, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune system, proteolysis, and energy metabolism have emerged as major functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Of note, the landscape of our findings depicts a concerted molecular action in activating genes promoting cell cycle and proliferation, and inactivating those suppressive. In this scenario, genes, including VEGFA, EMP1, PPL, KRAS, MET, TP53, MMPs and HOXs, and miRNAs, including mir-6728 and mir-99a, emerge as key players in the molecular interactions driving HNSCC tumorigenesis. Despite the heterogeneity characterizing these HNSCC subtypes, and the limitations of a study pointing to relationships that could be context dependent, the overlap with previously published studies is encouraging. Hence, it supports further investigation for key molecules, both those already and not correlated to HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Arfin
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India; (S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttrakhand, India; (S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Andrea Lomagno
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
- IRCCS Foundation, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (P.L.M.)
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Mazari AMA, Zhang L, Ye ZW, Zhang J, Tew KD, Townsend DM. The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37189435 PMCID: PMC10136111 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of proteins is encoded by 16 genes presented in seven different classes. GSTs exhibit remarkable structural similarity with some overlapping functionalities. As a primary function, GSTs play a putative role in Phase II metabolism by protecting living cells against a wide variety of toxic molecules by conjugating them with the tripeptide glutathione. This conjugation reaction is extended to forming redox sensitive post-translational modifications on proteins: S-glutathionylation. Apart from these catalytic functions, specific GSTs are involved in the regulation of stress-induced signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, studies on the effects of GST genetic polymorphisms on COVID-19 disease development revealed that the individuals with higher numbers of risk-associated genotypes showed higher risk of COVID-19 prevalence and severity. Furthermore, overexpression of GSTs in many tumors is frequently associated with drug resistance phenotypes. These functional properties make these proteins promising targets for therapeutics, and a number of GST inhibitors have progressed in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam M. A. Mazari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, DDB410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, DDB410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, DDB410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, DDB410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, DDB410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 274 Calhoun Street, MSC141, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Efficient Adsorption and Extraction of Glutathione S-Transferases with Glutathione-Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Composite. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010340. [PMID: 36615535 PMCID: PMC9821976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important type-II detoxification enzymes that protect DNA and proteins from damage and are often used as protein tags for the expression of fusion proteins. In the present work, octa-aminopropyl caged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OA-POSS) was prepared via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and polymerized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) through an amidation reaction. Glutathione (GSH) was then modified to GO-POSS through a Michael addition reaction to obtain a GSH-functionalized GO-POSS composite (GPG). The structure and characteristics of the as-prepared GPG composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravity analysis, and surface charge analysis. The specific binding interactions between glutathione and GST gave GPG favorable adsorption selectivity towards GST, and other proteins did not affect GST adsorption. The adsorption behavior of GST on the GPG composite conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption capacity of GST was high up to 364.94 mg g-1 under optimal conditions. The GPG-based solid-phase adsorption process was applied to the extraction of GST from a crude enzyme solution of pig liver, and high-purity GST was obtained via SDS-PAGE identification.
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Cheng B, Wang Y, Ayanlaja AA, Zhu J, Kambey PA, Qiu Z, Zhang C, Hu W. Glutathione S-Transferases S1, Z1 and A1 Serve as Prognostic Factors in Glioblastoma and Promote Drug Resistance through Antioxidant Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3232. [PMID: 36291099 PMCID: PMC9600210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of detoxification enzymes can regulate the malignant progression and drug resistance of various tumors. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS, also referred to as GSTS1), GSTZ1, and GSTA1 are abnormally expressed in multiple cancers, but their roles in tumorigenesis and development remain unclear. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to analyze the connections of HPGDS, GSTZ1, and GSTA1 to a variety of tumors in genetic databases. Then, we performed biochemical assays in GBM cell lines to investigate the involvement of HPGDS in proliferation and drug resistance. We found that HPGDS, GSTZ1, and GSTA1 are abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and are associated with prognoses. The expression level of HPGDS was significantly positively correlated with the grade of glioma, and high levels of HPGDS predicted a poor prognosis. Inhibiting HPGDS significantly downregulated GBM proliferation and reduced resistance to temozolomide by disrupting the cellular redox balance and inhibiting the activation of JNK signaling. In conclusion, this study suggested that HPGDS, GSTZ1, and GSTA1 are related to the progression of multiple tumors, and HPGDS is expected to be a prognostic factor in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 379, Xuzhou 221000, China
- The Key Lab of Psychiatry, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 264, Nanjing 220029, China
| | - Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 379, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 379, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 379, Xuzhou 221000, China
- The Key Lab of Psychiatry, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 379, Xuzhou 221000, China
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Shen H, Bai X, Liu J, Liu P, Zhang T. Screening potential biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma based on gene chip meta-analysis and small-sample experimental research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001400. [PMID: 36300097 PMCID: PMC9590411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify CCA biomarkers by investigating differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CCA patients and healthy subjects obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Bioinformatics tools, including the Illumina BaseSpace Correlation Engine (BSCE) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), were used. The initial DEGs from GSE26566, GSE31370, and GSE77984 were analyzed using GEO2R and Venn, and protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING. The BSCE was applied to assess curated CCA studies to select additional DEGs and them DEGs across the 10 biosets, which was supported by findings in the literature. The final 18 DEGs with clinical significance for CCA were further verified using GEPIA. These included CEACAM6, EPCAM, LAMC2, MMP11, KRT7, KRT17, KRT19, SFN, and SOX9, which were upregulated, and ADH1A, ALDOB, AOX1, CTH, FGA, FGB, FGG, GSTA1, and OTC, which were downregulated in CCA patients. Among these 18 genes, 56 groups of genes (two in each group) were significantly related, and none were independently and differentially expressed. The hub genes FGA, OTC, CTH, and MMP11, which were most correlated with the 18 DEGs, were screened using STRING. The significantly low expression of FGA, OTC, and CTH and significantly high expression of MMP11 were verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Overall, four CCA biomarkers were identified that might regulate the occurrence and development of this disease and affect the patient survival rate, and they have the potential to become diagnostic and therapeutic targets for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Ping Liu,
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Ping Liu,
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Huang J, Li Y, Zheng M, He H, Xu D, Tian D. RNF126 contributes to stem cell-like properties and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitination and degradation of LKB1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1869-1884. [PMID: 36068398 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis, and tumor recurrence and metastasis are the main factors leading to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Accumulating studies show that RNF126, ring finger protein 126, is involved in the pathological process of many tumors. However, the biological function and exact molecular mechanism of RNF126 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of RNF126 in the pathogenesis of HCC. By analyzing database and verifying with our clinical specimens, it was found that RNF126 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, which is associated with shorter overall survival and higher recurrence rate. Overexpressed RNF126 can significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of HCC cells, whereas knockdown RNF126 can reverse this effect. Mechanically, RNF126 down-regulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression by ubiquitination of LKB1 to weaken its stability, thereby significantly promoting stem-cell-like activity, migration, and angiogenesis of HCC. Notably, consistent with in vitro results, RNF126 was stably transformed in Hep3B and subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In established mouse xenograft models, tumor growth can be effectively inhibited and the occurrence of lung metastasis is reduced. In HCC, RNF126 may down-regulate LKB1 through ubiquitination, thus becoming a powerful prognostic biomarker and a recognized tumor suppressor. Therefore, our study may provide a promising new therapeutic strategy for targeting RNF126 for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyu He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Dingwei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Daguang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Huang L, Li T, Wang JY, Ma C, Bian X, Ren X, Li H, Wang X. Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 4 Promotes Proliferation and Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887127. [PMID: 35936694 PMCID: PMC9346510 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTA4) is a phase II detoxifying enzyme that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and regulated by the oncogenic transcription factor AP-1. However, the role of GSTA4 in these CRC cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of GSTA4 in the CRC cells by inactivating GSTA4 in HCT116 human CRC cells (Defined as HCT116ΔGSTA4) using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs were analyzed in vitro and in a xenograft model. The results showed that loss of GSTA4 significantly decreased cell proliferation and clonogenicity, whereas it increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and cell susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin. Additionally, exposure of HCT116ΔGSTA4 cells to 5-FU increased the expression of γH2AX, a hallmark of double-stranded DNA breaks. In contrast, no remarkably increased γH2AX was noted in oxaliplatin-treated HCT116ΔGSTA4 cells compared with HCT116 cells. Moreover, loss of GSTA4 blocked the AKT and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to proliferative suppression. Finally, the xenograft model showed decreased tumor size for HCT116ΔGSTA4 cells compared with HCT116 cells, confirming in vitro findings. These findings suggest that GSTA4 is capable of promoting proliferation, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance and is a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhu Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jane Y. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Xingmin Wang,
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Yılmaz C, Othman Pirdawid A, Fidan Babat C, Konuş M, Çetin D, Kıvrak A, Algso MAS, Arslan Ş, Mutlu D, Otur Ç, Kurt Kızıldoğan A. A Thiophene Derivative, 2‐Bromo‐5‐(2‐(methylthio)phenyl)thiophene, Has Effective Anticancer Potential with Other Biological Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Ahmed Othman Pirdawid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Ceylan Fidan Babat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Metin Konuş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Facuty of Arts and Science Hitit University 19030 Çorum Turkey
| | - Doğan Çetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Arif Kıvrak
- Department of Chemistry Facuty of Arts and Sciences Osmangazi University 26040 Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Muheb A. S. Algso
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Şevki Arslan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Science Pamukkale University 20160 Denizli Turkey
| | - Doğukan Mutlu
- Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Science Pamukkale University 20160 Denizli Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Otur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayıs University 55270 Samsun Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayıs University 55270 Samsun Turkey
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Zhang Y, Ma B, Hao S, Wang J, Zhang R, Ishfaq M, Shi C, Yuan L, Li R, Li C, Liu F. Drug-induced liver injury: Oltipraz and C2-ceramide intervene HNF-1α/GSTA1 expression via JNK signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:2011-2020. [PMID: 33959992 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious and frequently occurring issue in drug development. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in many diseases; hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) and glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) are important in regulating liver-specific genes expressions and affecting drug metabolism. Oltipraz is used to treat liver cirrhosis by improving liver function, and C2-ceramide is a pro-apoptotic lipid that regulates multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the function of the JNK signaling pathway with HNF-1α and GSTA1 in a cellular model of DILI and whether oltipraz and C2-ceramide exert effects via the JNK pathway. The results showed that inhibiting JNK could ameliorate APAP-induced hepatocyte injury, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed JNK and c-Jun activation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of HNF-1α and GSTA1 were increased significantly compared to control conditions. The effect of oltipraz (8 μmol/L) was similar to a JNK inhibitor and significantly increased HNF-1α/GSTA1 expression, but oltipraz combined with JNK inhibitor did not show a synergistic effect. Although C2-ceramide (8 μmol/L) aggravated hepatocyte injury and apoptosis, exacerbated oxidative stress, increased phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun, and markedly decreased HNF-1α/GSTA1 expression, C2-ceramide combined with JNK inhibitor could partially alleviate these alterations. These results demonstrated that the JNK signaling pathway with HNF-1α/GSTA1 are involved in the process of DILI. Inhibiting JNK up-regulated HNF-1α and GSTA1 expressions which could attenuate hepatocyte injury. Oltipraz and C2-ceramide might affect the expression of HNF-1α/GSTA1 though JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingke Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Hao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichen Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenxi Shi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Changwen Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangping Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Glutathione S-Transferases in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050701. [PMID: 33946704 PMCID: PMC8146591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) protein family is composed of seven members that present remarkable structural similarity and some degree of overlapping functionalities. GST proteins are crucial antioxidant enzymes that regulate stress-induced signaling pathways. Interestingly, overactive GST proteins are a frequent feature of many human cancers. Recent evidence has revealed that the biology of most GST proteins is complex and multifaceted and that these proteins actively participate in tumorigenic processes such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Structural and pharmacological studies have identified various GST inhibitors, and these molecules have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In this review, we discuss recent findings in GST protein biology and their roles in cancer development, their contribution in chemoresistance, and the development of GST inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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LAPTM5 Plays a Key Role in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:8816456. [PMID: 33521125 PMCID: PMC7817270 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are a serious malignant tumor with low early diagnosis rates and high mortality. Methods To investigate novel biomarkers to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of this cancer, bioinformatics analysis was used as an accurate, efficient, and economical method. Results Our study detected 39 upregulated and 589 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO and TCGA databases. To identify the function of DEGs, GO functional analysis, three pathway analysis (KEGG, REACTOME, and PANTHER), and protein-protein interaction network were performed using the KOBAS website, as well as the String database. After a series of analyses in GEPIA and TIMER, including differential expression, we found one candidate gene related to the prognosis and diagnosis of TGCT. LAPTM5 was also associated with CD8+ T cell and PDCD1 expression, which suggests that it may affect immune infiltration. Conclusions LAPTM5 was identified as a hub gene, which could be used as a potential biomarker for TGCT diagnosis and prognosis.
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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Chen Z, Xie H, Hu M, Huang T, Hu Y, Sang N, Zhao Y. Recent progress in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2993-3036. [PMID: 33042631 PMCID: PMC7539784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the past decade, there have been improvements in non-drug therapies and drug therapies for HCC treatment. Non-drug therapies include hepatic resection, liver transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and ablation. The former two surgical treatments are beneficial for patients with early and mid-stage HCC. As the first choice for non-surgical treatment, different TACE methods has been developed and widely used in combination therapy. Ablation has become an important alternative therapy for the treatment of small HCC or cases of unresectable surgery. Meanwhile, the drugs including small molecule targeted drugs like sorafenib and lenvatinib, monoclonal antibodies such as nivolumab are mainly used for the systematic treatment of advanced HCC. Besides strategies described above are recommended as first-line therapies due to their significant increase in mean overall survival, there are also potential drugs in clinical trials or under preclinical development. In addition, a number of potential preclinical surgical or adjuvant therapies are being studied, such as oncolytic virus, mesenchymal stem cells, biological clock, gut microbiome composition and peptide vaccine, all of which have shown different degrees of inhibition on HCC. With some potential anti-HCC drugs being reported, many promising therapeutic targets in related taxonomic signaling pathways including cell cycle, epigenetics, tyrosine kinase and so on that affect the progression of HCC have also been found. Together, the rational application of existing therapies and drugs as well as the new strategies will bring a bright future for the global cure of HCC in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Xie
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Sang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
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Li D, Cheng X, Zheng W, Chen J. Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Isomerase 1 Promotes Tumor Progression and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4923-4935. [PMID: 32606980 PMCID: PMC7321694 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reprogramming of metabolic pathways is a hallmark of the pathological changes that occur in cancer cells. Under physiological conditions, glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1 (GNPDA1) promotes the conversion of the hexosamine system to the glycolytic pathway and may, therefore, affect energy metabolism. Low expression of GNPDA1 has been reported in normal liver tissues, however, analysis of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) database in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that GNPDA1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of GNPDA1 in HCC. Patients and Methods We analyzed the expression of GNPDA1 in HCC tissues as well as the clinical outcomes of HCC patients with high or low expression of GNPDA1. Furthermore, the relationship between the expression of GNPDA1 and advanced tumor stage, TNM stage, grade, gender, or metastasis was assessed using high-throughput RNA sequencing data from TCGA HCC cohort and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The expression of GNPDA1 in HCC and normal liver cell lines was subsequently detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the effects of GNPDA1 knockdown in SMMC-7721 and Huh7 cell lines were examined. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis following knockdown were investigated by the MTT assay and EdU, cell cycle, apoptosis, transwell, and wound healing analyses. Results There was a significant association between high GNPDA1 expression and advanced tumor stage, TNM stage or grade, but not with gender. High GNPDA1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Furthermore, the MTT assay and EdU, cell cycle, apoptosis, wound healing, and transwell analyses revealed that GNPDA1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and inhibited apoptosis. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that GNPDA1 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Li
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyi Cheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Chandrashekar DS, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Gonzalez DJ, Heikenwälder M, Gerwirtz AT, Varambally S, Vijay-Kumar M. Fermentable fiber-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice recapitulates gene signatures found in human liver cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234726. [PMID: 32559205 PMCID: PMC7304627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most malignant form of primary liver cancer, is the fourth most prevalent cause of cancer mortality globally. It was recently discovered that the dietary fermentable fiber, inulin, can reprogram the murine liver to favor HCC development in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Determining the molecular pathways that are either over expressed or repressed during inulin-induced HCC would provide a platform of potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we have combined analysis of the novel inulin-induced HCC murine model and human HCC samples to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatic transcriptome profiling revealed that there were 674 DEGs in HCC mice compared to mice safeguarded from HCC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis uncovered enrichment in ECM-receptor interaction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, focal adhesion and protein digestion and absorption during inulin-induced HCC. Tandem mass tag based quantitative, multiplexed proteomic analysis delineated 57 differentially expressed proteins, where the over-expressed proteins were associated with cell adhesion molecules, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and ECM-receptor interaction. After obtaining the human orthologs of the mouse genes, we did a comparison analysis to level 3 RNA-seq data found in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, corresponding to human HCC (n = 361) and healthy liver (n = 50) samples. Out of the 549 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated human orthologs identified, 142 genes (137 significantly over-expressed and 5 significantly under-expressed) were associated with human HCC. Using univariate survival analysis, we found 27 over-expressed genes involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell division that were associated with poor HCC patient survival. Overall, the genetic and proteomics signatures highlight potential underlying mechanisms in inulin-induced HCC and support that this murine HCC model is human relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T. Gerwirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (SV)
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (SV)
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