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Berrell N, Sadeghirad H, Blick T, Bidgood C, Leggatt GR, O'Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. Metabolomics at the tumor microenvironment interface: Decoding cellular conversations. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1121-1146. [PMID: 38146814 DOI: 10.1002/med.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity remains a significant challenge for effective cancer treatments. Altered energetics is one of the hallmarks of cancer and influences tumor growth and drug resistance. Studies have shown that heterogeneity exists within the metabolic profile of tumors, and personalized-combination therapy with relevant metabolic interventions could improve patient response. Metabolomic studies are identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that have improved treatment response. The spatial location of elements in the tumor microenvironment are becoming increasingly important for understanding disease progression. The evolution of spatial metabolomics analysis now allows scientists to deeply understand how metabolite distribution contributes to cancer biology. Recently, these techniques have spatially resolved metabolite distribution to a subcellular level. It has been proposed that metabolite mapping could improve patient outcomes by improving precision medicine, enabling earlier diagnosis and intraoperatively identifying tumor margins. This review will discuss how altered metabolic pathways contribute to cancer progression and drug resistance and will explore the current capabilities of spatial metabolomics technologies and how these could be integrated into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Berrell
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Habib Sadeghirad
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Bidgood
- APCRC-Q, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Zhang W, Yin Y, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Ge Y, Liu B, Yao L. Relationship between vaginal and oral microbiome in patients of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:396. [PMID: 38685022 PMCID: PMC11059664 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC) and to develop novel prediction models. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 164 samples collected from both the vaginal tract and oral subgingival plaque of 82 women. The participants were divided into four distinct groups based on their vaginal and oral samples: the control group (Z/KZ, n = 22), abortion group (AB/KAB, n = 17), HPV-infected group (HP/KHP, n = 21), and cervical cancer group (CC/KCC, n = 22). Microbiota analysis was conducted using full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing with the PacBio platform. RESULTS The vaginal bacterial community in the Z and AB groups exhibited a relatively simple structure predominantly dominated by Lactobacillus. However, CC group shows high abundances of anaerobic bacteria and alpha diversity. Biomarkers such as Bacteroides, Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Dialister, Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were identified as indicators of CC. Correlations were established between elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and local/systemic inflammation, pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, which contribute to unevenness in the vaginal microenvironment. The altered microbial diversity in the CC group was confirmed by amino acid metabolism. Oral microbial diversity exhibited an inverse pattern to that of the vaginal microbiome, indicating a unique relationship. The microbial diversity of the KCC group was significantly lower than that of the KZ group, indicating a link between oral health and cancer development. Several microbes, including Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria, were identified as CC biomarkers. Moreover, periodontal pathogens were associated with blood CRP levels and oral hygiene conditions. Elevated oral microbial amino acid metabolism in the CC group was closely linked to the presence of pathogens. Positive correlations indicated a synergistic relationship between vaginal and oral bacteria. CONCLUSION HPV infection and CC impact both the vaginal and oral microenvironments, affecting systemic metabolism and the synergy between bacteria. This suggests that the use of oral flora markers is a potential screening tool for the diagnosis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Yin
- Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yisha Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Ge
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lihe Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Takata T, Nakamura A, Yasuda H, Miyake H, Sogame Y, Sawai Y, Hayakawa M, Mochizuki K, Nakao R, Ogata T, Ikoma H, Konishi E, Harada Y, Otsuji E, Itoh Y, Tanaka H. Pathophysiological Implications of Protein Lactylation in Pancreatic Epithelial Tumors. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:57-66. [PMID: 38695038 PMCID: PMC11058462 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.24-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein lactylation is a post-translational modification associated with glycolysis. Although recent evidence indicates that protein lactylation is involved in epigenetic gene regulation, its pathophysiological significance remains unclear, particularly in neoplasms. Herein, we investigated the potential involvement of protein lactylation in the molecular mechanisms underlying benign and malignant pancreatic epithelial tumors, as well as its role in the response of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells to gemcitabine. Increased lactylation was observed in the nuclei of intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma, non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma, in parallel to the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. This observation indicated that a hypoxia-associated increase in nuclear protein lactylation could be a biochemical hallmark in pancreatic epithelial tumors. The standard PC chemotherapy drug gemcitabine suppressed histone lactylation in vitro, suggesting that histone lactylation might be relevant to its mechanism of action. Taken together, our findings suggest that protein lactylation may be involved in the development of pancreatic epithelial tumors and could represent a potential therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Central Research Facility, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasuda
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Miyake
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sogame
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawai
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyo Hayakawa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nakao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Stangis MM, Chen Z, Min J, Glass SE, Jackson JO, Radyk MD, Hoi XP, Brennen WN, Yu M, Dinh HQ, Coffey RJ, Shrubsole MJ, Chan KS, Grady WM, Yegnasubramanian S, Lyssiotis CA, Maitra A, Halberg RB, Dey N, Lau KS. The Hallmarks of Precancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:683-689. [PMID: 38571435 PMCID: PMC11170686 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Research on precancers, as defined as at-risk tissues and early lesions, is of high significance given the effectiveness of early intervention. We discuss the need for risk stratification to prevent overtreatment, an emphasis on the role of genetic and epigenetic aging when considering risk, and the importance of integrating macroenvironmental risk factors with molecules and cells in lesions and at-risk normal tissues for developing effective intervention and health policy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Stangis
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jimin Min
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Sarah E. Glass
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Jordan O. Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Megan D. Radyk
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Xen Ping Hoi
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - W. Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology – Genitourinary Cancer Disease Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | - Ming Yu
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Keith S. Chan
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute
| | - William M. Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology – Genitourinary Cancer Disease Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences – Molecular Radiation Science Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Department of Pathology – Kidney-Urologic Pathology Division, Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Internal Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Richard B. Halberg
- Department of Oncology – McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Neelendu Dey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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5
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Zhang Z, Peng J, Li B, Wang Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Hong L. HOXA1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression in cervical cancer. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110747. [PMID: 37286120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a hallmark for cancer, aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect contributes to tumor progression. However, the roles of aerobic glycolysis on cervical cancer remain elusive. In this work, we identified transcription factor HOXA1 as a novel regulator of aerobic glycolysis. High expression of HOXA1 is closely associated with poor outcome of patients. And, altered HOXA1 expression enhance or reduce aerobic glycolysis and progression in cervical cancer. Mechanistically, HOXA1 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of ENO1 and PGK1, thus induce glycolysis and promote cancer progression. Moreover, therapeutic knockdown of HOXA1 results in reduce aerobic glycolysis and inhibits cervical cancer progression in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these data indicate a therapeutic role of HOXA1 inhibits aerobic glycolysis and cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Warenius HM. The essential molecular requirements for the transformation of normal cells into established cancer cells, with implications for a novel anti-cancer agent. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1844. [PMID: 37279947 PMCID: PMC10432422 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal adult mammalian cells can respond to oncogenic somatic mutations by committing suicide through a well-described, energy dependent process termed apoptosis. Cancer cells avoid oncogene promoted apoptosis. Oncogenic somatic mutations are widely acknowledged to be the cause of the relentless unconstrained cell proliferation which characterises cancer. But how does the normal cell with the very first oncogenic mutation survive to proliferate without undergoing apoptosis? NEW FINDINGS The phenomena of malignant transformation by somatic mutation, apoptosis, aneuploidy, aerobic glycolysis and Cdk4 upregulation in carcinogenesis have each been extensively discussed separately in the literature but an overview explaining how they may be linked at the initiation of the cancer process has not previously proposed. CONCLUSION A hypothesis is presented to explain how in addition to the initial oncogenic mutation, the expression of certain key normal genes is, counter-intuitively, also required for successful malignant transformation from a normal cell to a cancer cell. The hypothesis provides an explanation for how the cyclic amphiphilic peptide HILR-056, derived from peptides with homology to a hexapeptide in the C-terminal region of Cdk4, kill cancer cells but not normal cell by necrosis rather than apoptosis.
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7
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Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082192. [PMID: 37190121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop through a series of precancerous stages from a pool of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Although we understand the genetic changes that lead to HNSCC, our understanding of the role of the stroma in the progression from precancer to cancer is limited. The stroma is the primary battleground between the forces that prevent and promote cancer growth. Targeting the stroma has yielded promising cancer therapies. However, the stroma at the precancerous stage of HNSCCs is poorly defined, and we may miss opportunities for chemopreventive interventions. PMDs already exhibit many features of the HNSCC stroma, such as inflammation, neovascularization, and immune suppression. Still, they do not induce cancer-associated fibroblasts or destroy the basal lamina, the stroma's initial structure. Our review aims to summarize the current understanding of the transition from precancer to cancer stroma and how this knowledge can reveal opportunities and limitations for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decisions to benefit patients. We will discuss what may be needed to fulfill the promise of the precancerous stroma as a target to prevent progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Harris
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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8
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Chen X, Chen L, Tang Y, He Y, Pan K, Yuan L, Xie W, Chen S, Zhao W, Yu D. Transcriptome-wide m6A methylome analysis uncovered the changes of m6A modification in oral pre-malignant cells compared with normal oral epithelial cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939449. [PMID: 36249071 PMCID: PMC9554554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common post-transcriptional RNA modification, m6A methylation extensively regulates the structure and function of RNA. The dynamic and reversible modification of m6A is coordinated by m6A writers and erasers. m6A reader proteins recognize m6A modification on RNA, mediating different downstream biological functions. mRNA m6A modification and its corresponding regulators play an important role in cancers, but its characteristics in the precancerous stage are still unclear. In this study, we used oral precancerous DOK cells as a model to explore the characteristics of transcriptome-wide m6A modification and major m6A regulator expression in the precancerous stage compared with normal oral epithelial cell HOEC and oral cancer cell SCC-9 through MeRIP-seq and RT-PCR. Compared with HOEC cells, we found 1180 hyper-methylated and 1606 hypo-methylated m6A peaks and 354 differentially expressed mRNAs with differential m6A peaks in DOK cells. Although the change of m6A modification in DOK cells was less than that in SCC-9 cells, mRNAs with differential m6A in both cell lines were enriched into many identical GO terms and KEGG pathways. Among the 20 known m6A regulatory genes, FTO, ALKBH5, METTL3 and VIRMA were upregulated or downregulated in DOK cells, and the expression levels of 10 genes such as METTL14/16, FTO and IGF2BP2/3 were significantly changed in SCC-9 cells. Our data suggest that precancerous cells showed, to some extent, changes of m6A modification. Identifying some key m6A targets and corresponding regulators in precancerous stage may provide potential intervention targets for the prevention of cancer development through epigenetic modification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liutao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuquan Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangwu Pan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao, ; Dongsheng Yu,
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao, ; Dongsheng Yu,
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9
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Yu Z, Zhou X, Wang X. Metabolic Reprogramming in Hematologic Malignancies: Advances and Clinical Perspectives. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2955-2963. [PMID: 35771627 PMCID: PMC9437558 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer progression. Metabolic activity supports tumorigenesis and tumor progression, allowing cells to uptake essential nutrients from the environment and use the nutrients to maintain viability and support proliferation. The metabolic pathways of malignant cells are altered to accommodate increased demand for energy, reducing equivalents, and biosynthetic precursors. Activated oncogenes coordinate with altered metabolism to control cell-autonomous pathways, which can lead to tumorigenesis when abnormalities accumulate. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that targeting metabolic features of hematologic malignancies is an appealing therapeutic approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in hematologic malignancies and potential therapeutic strategies to target cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xin Wang, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; Fax: 8653-1870-61197; E-mail: ; Xiangxiang Zhou, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; E-mail:
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xin Wang, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; Fax: 8653-1870-61197; E-mail: ; Xiangxiang Zhou, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; E-mail:
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10
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Microenvironment in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Multi-Dimensional Characteristics and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168940. [PMID: 36012205 PMCID: PMC9409092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of diseases involving the oral mucosa and that have a risk of carcinogenesis. The microenvironment is closely related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression by regulating the immune response, cell metabolic activities, and mechanical characteristics. Meanwhile, there are extensive interactions between the microenvironments that remodel and provide favorable conditions for cancer initiation. However, the changes, exact roles, and interactions of microenvironments during the carcinogenesis of OPMDs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we present an updated landscape of the microenvironments in OPMDs, emphasizing the changes in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, mechanical microenvironment, and neural microenvironment during carcinogenesis and their carcinogenic mechanisms. We then propose an immuno–metabolic–mechanical–neural interaction network to describe their close relationships. Lastly, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting microenvironments, and provide an outlook on future research directions and clinical applications. This review depicts a vivid microenvironment landscape and sheds light on new strategies to prevent the carcinogenesis of OPMDs.
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Bie F, Zhang G, Yan X, Ma X, Zhan S, Qiu Y, Cao J, Ma Y, Ma M. β-Boswellic Acid Suppresses Breast Precancerous Lesions via GLUT1 Targeting-Mediated Glycolysis Inhibition and AMPK Pathway Activation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896904. [PMID: 35712503 PMCID: PMC9194511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is a multistep progressive disease. Precancerous prevention seems to be crucial. β-Boswellic acid (β-BA), the main component of the folk medicine Boswellia serrata (B. serrata), has been reported to be effective in various diseases including tumors. In this work, we demonstrated that β-BA could inhibit breast precancerous lesions in rat disease models. Consistently, β-BA could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis on MCF-10AT without significantly influencing MCF-10A. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that β-BA may interfere with the metabolic pathway. Metabolism-related assays showed that β-BA suppressed glycolysis and reduced ATP production, which then activated the AMPK pathway and inhibited the mTOR pathway to limit MCF-10AT proliferation. Further molecular docking analysis suggested that GLUT1 might be the target of β-BA. Forced expression of GLUT1 could rescue the glycolysis suppression and survival limitation induced by β-BA on MCF-10AT. Taken together, β-BA could relieve precancerous lesions in vivo and in vitro through GLUT1 targeting-induced glycolysis suppression and AMPK/mTOR pathway alterations. Here, we offered a molecular basis for β-BA to be developed as a promising drug candidate for the prevention of breast precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Bie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Cao
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering, Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ma,
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The Immunological Contribution of a Novel Metabolism-Related Signature to the Prognosis and Anti-Tumor Immunity in Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102399. [PMID: 35626004 PMCID: PMC9139200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the female reproductive system. Conventional stratification of patients based on clinicopathological characters has gradually been outpaced by a molecular profiling strategy. Our study aimed to identify a reliable metabolism-related predictive signature for the prognosis and anti-tumor immunity in cervical cancer. In this study, we extracted five metabolism-related hub genes, including ALOX12B, CA9, FAR2, F5 and TDO2, for the establishment of the risk score model. The Kaplan-Meier curve suggested that patients with a high-risk score apparently had a worse prognosis in the cervical cancer training cohort (TCGA, n = 304, p < 0.0001), validation cohort (GSE44001, n = 300, p = 0.0059) and pan-cancer cohorts (including nine TCGA tumors). Using a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we observed that the model was correlated with various immune-regulation-related pathways. Furthermore, pan-cancer cohorts and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the infiltration of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was lower in the high-score group. Additionally, the model could also predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer based on the expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Our study established and validated a metabolism-related prognostic model, which might improve the accuracy of predicting the clinical outcome of patients with cervical cancer and provide guidance for personalized treatment.
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Chen X, Kuang S, He Y, Li H, Yi C, Li Y, Wang C, Chen G, Chen S, Yu D. The Differential Metabolic Response of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells and Normal Oral Epithelial Cells to Cisplatin Exposure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050389. [PMID: 35629893 PMCID: PMC9147301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of a tumor. It not only promotes the development and progression of tumor but also contributes to the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics. The difference in the metabolism between drug-resistant and sensitive tumor cells indicates that drug-resistant tumor cells have experienced metabolic adaptation. The metabolic response induced by chemotherapy is dynamic, but the early metabolic response of tumor cells to anticancer drugs and the effect of an initial response on the development of drug resistance have not been well studied. Early metabolic intervention may prevent or slow down the development of drug resistance. The differential metabolic responses of normal cells and tumor cells to drugs are unclear. The specific metabolites or metabolic pathways of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be used as the target of metabolic intervention in tumor therapy. In this study, we used comparative metabolomics to analyze the differential metabolic responses of oral cancer cells and normal oral epithelial cells to short-term cisplatin exposure, and to identify the marker metabolites of early response in oral cancer cells. Oral cancer cells showed a dynamic metabolic response to cisplatin. Seven and five metabolites were identified as specific response markers to cisplatin exposure in oral cancer cell SCC-9 and normal oral epithelial cell HOEC, respectively. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and fructose, malate, serine, alanine, sorbose and glutamate were considered as specific enriched metabolic pathways and biomarkers of SCC-9 cells in response to cisplatin, respectively. The existence of differential metabolic responses lays a foundation for tumor chemotherapy combined with metabolic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Sufang Kuang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Hongyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-3933-2990 (S.C.); +86-20-8386-2543 (D.Y.)
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.W.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-3933-2990 (S.C.); +86-20-8386-2543 (D.Y.)
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The role of Glut-1 and H +/K +-ATPase expression in hyperplasia of mice laryngeal epithelium induced by pepsin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:2981-2987. [PMID: 35083516 PMCID: PMC9072270 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role played by Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase in pepsin-induced, mouse laryngeal epithelial proliferation, growth, and development. Methods We established a mouse model of laryngopharyngeal reflux and measured Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase expression levels in mouse laryngeal epithelium treated with artificial gastric juice containing pepsin. Results Artificial pepsin-containing gastric juice induced significant hyperplastic changes in mouse laryngeal epithelium compared to control mice at 15, 30, and 45 days. Inhibition of Glut-1 expression by 2-DG significantly suppressed such hyperplasia compared to mice exposed to artificial gastric juice containing pepsin at 15, 30, and 45 days. After treatment with pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice, RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the levels of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β increased significantly. Conclusions Pepsin-containing artificial gastric juice promoted mouse laryngeal epithelial hyperplasia associated with abnormal expression of Glut-1 and H+/K+-ATPase α, β.
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Vinogradskaya GR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mechanisms of Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Infected Tumor Cells. Mol Biol 2022; 56:668-683. [PMID: 36217337 PMCID: PMC9534468 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA and proteins are often detected in malignant tumors, warranting studies of the role that HCMV plays in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. HCMV proteins were shown to regulate the key processes involved in tumorigenesis. While HCMV as an oncogenic factor just came into focus, its ability to promote tumor progression is generally recognized. The review discusses the viral factors and cell molecular pathways that affect the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. CMV inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells, that not only promotes tumor progression, but also reduces the sensitivity of cells to antitumor therapy. Autophagy was found to facilitate either cell survival or cell death in different tumor cells. In leukemia cells, HCMV induces a "protective" autophagy that suppresses apoptosis. Viral factors that mediate drug resistance and their interactions with key cell death pathways are necessary to further investigate in order to develop agents that can restore the tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Vinogradskaya
- Konstantinov St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad oblast Russia
| | - A. V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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Lee SM, Kim HU. Development of computational models using omics data for the identification of effective cancer metabolic biomarkers. Mol Omics 2021; 17:881-893. [PMID: 34608924 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of novel biomarkers has been an active area of study for the effective diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. Among various types of cancer biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, including enzymes, metabolites and metabolic genes, deserve attention as they can serve as a reliable source for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. In particular, efforts to identify novel biomarkers have been greatly facilitated by a rapid increase in the volume of multiple omics data generated for a range of cancer cells. These omics data in turn serve as ingredients for developing computational models that can help derive deeper insights into the biology of cancer cells, and identify metabolic biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of omics data generated for cancer cells, and discuss recent studies on computational models that were developed using omics data in order to identify effective cancer metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Lee
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Functional Fine-Tuning of Metabolic Pathways by the Endocannabinoid System-Implications for Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073661. [PMID: 33915889 PMCID: PMC8036872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) employs a huge network of molecules (receptors, ligands, and enzymatic machinery molecules) whose interactions with other cellular networks have still not been fully elucidated. Endogenous cannabinoids are molecules with the primary function of control of multiple metabolic pathways. Maintenance of tissue and cellular homeostasis by functional fine-tuning of essential metabolic pathways is one of the key characteristics of the ECS. It is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological states and an attractive pharmacological target yet to reach its full potential. This review will focus on the involvement of ECS in glucose and lipid metabolism, food intake regulation, immune homeostasis, respiratory health, inflammation, cancer and other physiological and pathological states will be substantiated using freely available data from open-access databases, experimental data and literature review. Future directions should envision capturing its diversity and exploiting pharmacological options beyond the classical ECS suspects (exogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor monomers) as signaling through cannabinoid receptor heteromers offers new possibilities for different biochemical outcomes in the cell.
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