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Khanduja S, Bloom SM, Raman V, Deshpande CP, Hall CL, Forbes NS. Intracellular delivery of oncolytic viruses with engineered Salmonella causes viral replication and cell death. iScience 2024; 27:109813. [PMID: 38799578 PMCID: PMC11126981 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As therapies, oncolytic viruses regress tumors and have the potential to induce antitumor immune responses that clear hard-to-treat and late-stage cancers. Despite this promise, clearance from the blood prevents treatment of internal solid tumors. To address this issue, we developed virus-delivering Salmonella (VDS) to carry oncolytic viruses into cancer cells. The VDS strain contains the PsseJ-lysE delivery circuit and has deletions in four homologous recombination genes (ΔrecB, ΔsbcB, ΔsbcCD, and ΔrecF) to preserve essential hairpins in the viral genome required for replication and infectivity. VDS delivered the genome for minute virus of mice (MVMp) to multiple cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and osteosarcoma. Viral delivery produced functional viral particles that are cytotoxic and infective to neighboring cells. The release of mature virions initiated new rounds of infection and amplified the infection. Using Salmonella for delivery will circumvent the limitations of oncolytic viruses and will provide a new therapy for many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Khanduja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shoshana M.K. Bloom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vishnu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Chinmay P. Deshpande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christopher L. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Neil S. Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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2
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Kwon SY, Thi-Thu Ngo H, Son J, Hong Y, Min JJ. Exploiting bacteria for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024:10.1038/s41571-024-00908-9. [PMID: 38840029 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer but continues to be constrained by limited response rates, acquired resistance, toxicities and high costs, which necessitates the development of new, innovative strategies. The discovery of a connection between the human microbiota and cancer dates back 4,000 years, when local infection was observed to result in tumour eradication in some individuals. However, the true oncological relevance of the intratumoural microbiota was not recognized until the turn of the twentieth century. The intratumoural microbiota can have pivotal roles in both the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. In particular, intratumoural bacteria can either promote or inhibit cancer growth via remodelling of the tumour microenvironment. Over the past two decades, remarkable progress has been made preclinically in engineering bacteria as agents for cancer immunotherapy; some of these bacterial products have successfully reached the clinical stages of development. In this Review, we discuss the characteristics of intratumoural bacteria and their intricate interactions with the tumour microenvironment. We also describe the many strategies used to engineer bacteria for use in the treatment of cancer, summarizing contemporary data from completed and ongoing clinical trials. The work described herein highlights the potential of bacteria to transform the landscape of cancer therapy, bridging ancient wisdom with modern scientific innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Young Kwon
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Thi-Thu Ngo
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jinbae Son
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
- CNCure Biotech, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Wang C, Li C, Zhang R, Huang L. Macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042003. [PMID: 38740051 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases severely threaten human health, and traditional treatment techniques face multiple limitations. As an important component of immune cells, macrophages display unique biological properties, such as biocompatibility, immunocompatibility, targeting specificity, and immunoregulatory activity, and play a critical role in protecting the body against infections. The macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles not only maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles but also inherit the characteristics of macrophages, making them excellent tools for improving drug delivery and therapeutic implications in infectious diseases (IDs). In this review, we describe the characteristics and functions of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles and their advantages and challenges in ID therapy. We first summarize the pathological features of IDs, providing insight into how to fight them. Next, we focus on the classification, characteristics, and preparation of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles. Finally, we comprehensively describe the progress of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in combating IDs, including drug delivery, inhibition and killing of pathogens, and immune modulation. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Profir M, Roşu OA, Creţoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Friend or Foe: Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Cancers. Microorganisms 2024; 12:955. [PMID: 38792785 PMCID: PMC11124004 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancers are among the leading causes of cancer death in the world. However, the mechanisms of cancer development and progression are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence in recent years pointing to the bidirectional interactions between gut dysbiosis and the development of a specific type of gastrointestinal cancer is shedding light on the importance of this "unseen organ"-the microbiota. This review focuses on the local role of the gut microbiota imbalance in different digestive tract organs and annexes related to the carcinogenic mechanisms. Microbiota modulation, either by probiotic administration or by dietary changes, plays an important role in the future therapies of various digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Profir
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra Roşu
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang W, Fan J, Zhang C, Huang Y, Chen Y, Fu S, Wu J. Targeted modulation of gut and intra-tumor microbiota to improve the quality of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127668. [PMID: 38430889 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies, such as those blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, can restore the immune-killing function of T cells. However, ICI therapy is clinically beneficial in only a small number of patients, and it is difficult to predict post-treatment outcomes, thereby limiting its widespread clinical use. Research suggests that gut microbiota can regulate the host immune system and affect cancer progression and treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of immunotherapy is related to the composition of the patient's gut microbiota; different gut microbial strains can either activate or inhibit the immune response. However, the importance of the microbial composition within the tumor has not been explored until recently. This study describes recent advances in the crosstalk between microbes in tumors and gut microbiota, which can modulate the tumor microbiome by directly translocating into the tumor and altering the tumor microenvironment. This study focused on the potential manipulation of the tumor and gut microbiota using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, antimicrobials, prebiotics, and postbiotics to enrich immune-boosting bacteria while decreasing unfavorable bacteria to proactively improve the efficacy of ICI treatments. In addition, the use of genetic technologies and nanomaterials to modify microorganisms can largely optimize tumor immunotherapy and advance personalized and precise cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiZhou Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - JunYing Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - ShaoZhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - JingBo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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6
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang W, Ding L, Ji C, Li P, Chen T, Feng L, Tang BZ, Huang X. Synergistic Brilliance: Engineered Bacteria and Nanomedicine Unite in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313953. [PMID: 38400833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Engineered bacteria are widely used in cancer treatment because live facultative/obligate anaerobes can selectively proliferate at tumor sites and reach hypoxic regions, thereby causing nutritional competition, enhancing immune responses, and producing anticancer microbial agents in situ to suppress tumor growth. Despite the unique advantages of bacteria-based cancer biotherapy, the insufficient treatment efficiency limits its application in the complete ablation of malignant tumors. The combination of nanomedicine and engineered bacteria has attracted increasing attention owing to their striking synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Engineered bacteria that function as natural vehicles can effectively deliver nanomedicines to tumor sites. Moreover, bacteria provide an opportunity to enhance nanomedicines by modulating the TME and producing substrates to support nanomedicine-mediated anticancer reactions. Nanomedicine exhibits excellent optical, magnetic, acoustic, and catalytic properties, and plays an important role in promoting bacteria-mediated biotherapies. The synergistic anticancer effects of engineered bacteria and nanomedicines in cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized in this review. Attention is paid not only to the fabrication of nanobiohybrid composites, but also to the interpromotion mechanism between engineered bacteria and nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Additionally, recent advances in engineered bacteria-synergized multimodal cancer therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Qianying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Chenlin Ji
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330036, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Perry RJ. Metabolic underpinnings of cancer-related fatigue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E290-E307. [PMID: 38294698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and detrimental complications of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with CRF occurrence and severity in cancer patients and survivors. In this narrative review, we analyzed recent studies including both preclinical and clinical research on the relationship between obesity and/or insulin resistance and CRF. We also describe potential mechanisms for these relationships, though with the caveat that because the mechanisms underlying CRF are incompletely understood, the mechanisms mediating the association between obesity/insulin resistance and CRF are similarly incompletely delineated. The data suggest that, in addition to their effects to worsen CRF by directly promoting tumor growth and metastasis, obesity and insulin resistance may also contribute to CRF by inducing chronic inflammation, neuroendocrinological disturbance, and metabolic alterations. Furthermore, studies suggest that patients with obesity and insulin resistance experience more cancer-induced pain and are at more risk of emotional and behavioral disruptions correlated with CRF. However, other studies implied a potentially paradoxical impact of obesity and insulin resistance to reduce CRF symptoms. Despite the need for further investigation utilizing interventions to directly elucidate the mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue, current evidence demonstrates a correlation between obesity and/or insulin resistance and CRF, and suggests potential therapeutics for CRF by targeting obesity and/or obesity-related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Mowday AM, van de Laak JM, Fu Z, Henare KL, Dubois L, Lambin P, Theys J, Patterson AV. Tumor-targeting bacteria as immune stimulants - the future of cancer immunotherapy? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38346140 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2311653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have been widely hailed as a breakthrough for cancer treatment in the last decade, epitomized by the unprecedented results observed with checkpoint blockade. Even so, only a minority of patients currently achieve durable remissions. In general, responsive patients appear to have either a high number of tumor neoantigens, a preexisting immune cell infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment, or an 'immune-active' transcriptional profile, determined in part by the presence of a type I interferon gene signature. These observations suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy can be enhanced through strategies that release tumor neoantigens and/or produce a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. In principle, exogenous tumor-targeting bacteria offer a unique solution for improving responsiveness to immunotherapy. This review discusses how tumor-selective bacterial infection can modulate the immunological microenvironment of the tumor and the potential for combination with cancer immunotherapy strategies to further increase therapeutic efficacy. In addition, we provide a perspective on the clinical translation of replicating bacterial therapies, with a focus on the challenges that must be resolved to ensure a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Mowday
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jella M van de Laak
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Fu
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kimiora L Henare
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-Research School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lim D, Kim K, Duysak T, So E, Jeong JH, Choy HE. Bacterial cancer therapy using the attenuated fowl-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100745. [PMID: 38053546 PMCID: PMC10694566 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel anti-cancer therapy based on an avian-host-specific serotype Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) deficient in ppGpp synthesis. To monitor the tumor targeting, a bioluminescent ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum was constructed and injected intravenously into mice bearing syngeneic and human xenograft tumors. Strong bioluminescent signals were detected specifically in all grafted tumors at 2 days post-injection (dpi). The bacterial counts in normal and tumor tissue at 1 dpi revealed that ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum reached >108 CFU/g in tumor tissue and 106-107 CFU/g in endothelial organs; counts were much lower in other organs. At 16 dpi, ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum counts in tumor tissue decreased to ∼106 CFU/g, while those in the other organs became undetectable. A strong anti-cancer effect was observed after the injection of ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum into BALB/c mice grafted with CT26 colon cancer cells. This could be attributed to reduced virulence, which allowed the administration of at least a 10-fold greater dose (108 CFU) of ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum than other attenuated strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (≤107 CFU). An advantage of the avian-specific S. Gallinarum as a cancer therapeutic should be a reduced capacity to cause infections or harm in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Odysseus Bio, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea
| | - Taner Duysak
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea
| | - EunA. So
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E. Choy
- Odysseus Bio, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwasun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea
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10
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Pérez Jorge G, Gontijo MTP, Brocchi M. Salmonella enterica and outer membrane vesicles are current and future options for cancer treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1293351. [PMID: 38116133 PMCID: PMC10728604 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1293351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies have many limitations. In the last decade, it has been suggested that bacteria-mediated immunotherapy may circumvent the restrictions of traditional treatments. For example, Salmonella enterica is the most promising bacteria for treating cancer due to its intrinsic abilities, such as killing tumor cells, targeting, penetrating, and proliferating into the tumor. S. enterica has been genetically modified to ensure safety and increase its intrinsic antitumor efficacy. This bacterium has been used as a vector for delivering anticancer agents and as a combination therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or photothermic. Recent studies have reported the antitumor efficacy of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from S. enterica. OMVs are considered safer than attenuated bacteria and can stimulate the immune system as they comprise most of the immunogens found on the surface of their parent bacteria. Furthermore, OMVs can also be used as nanocarriers for antitumor agents. This review describes the advances in S. enterica as immunotherapy against cancer and the mechanisms by which Salmonella fights cancer. We also highlight the use of OMVs as immunotherapy and nanocarriers of anticancer agents. OMVs derived from S. enterica are innovative and promising strategies requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
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Sharma S, Sharma H, Gogoi H. Bacterial immunotherapy: is it a weapon in our arsenal in the fight against cancer? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277677. [PMID: 38090593 PMCID: PMC10711065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer have driven alternative treatment approaches. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential of bacteria and it's components to serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. Compared to traditional cancer therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bacteria mediated tumor therapy has exhibited superior cancer suppressing property which is attributed a lot to it's tumor proliferating and accumulating characteristics. Genetically modified bacteria has reduced inherent toxicity and enhanced specificity towards tumor microenvironment. This anti- tumor activity of bacteria is attributed to its toxins and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall and spores. Furthermore, bacterial genes can be regulated to express and deliver cytokines, antibodies and cancer therapeutics. Although there is less clinical data available, the pre- clinical research clearly indicates the feasibility and potential of bacteria- mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Sun Y, Guo Y, Liu X, Liu J, Sun H, Li Z, Wen M, Jiang SN, Tan W, Zheng JH. Engineered oncolytic bacteria HCS1 exerts high immune stimulation and safety profiles for cancer therapy. Theranostics 2023; 13:5546-5560. [PMID: 37908720 PMCID: PMC10614684 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and rationale: Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 has been used to treat tumor-bearing mice and entered phase I clinical trials. However, its mild anticancer effect in clinical trials may be related to insufficient bacterial colonization and notable adverse effects with increasing dosages. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) synthesis-deficient Salmonella is an attenuated strain with good biosafety and anticancer efficacy that has been widely investigated in various solid cancers in preclinical studies. Integration of the advantages of these two strains may provide a new solution for oncolytic bacterial therapy. Methods: We incorporated the features of ΔppGpp into VNP20009 and obtained the HCS1 strain by deleting relA and spoT, and then assessed its cytotoxicity in vitro and antitumor activities in vivo. Results: In vitro experiments revealed that the invasiveness and cytotoxicity of HCS1 to cancer cells were significantly lower than those of the VNP20009. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice showed robust cancer suppression when treated with different doses of HCS1 intravenously, and the survival time and cured mice were dramatically increased. Furthermore, HCS1 can increase the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tumor tissues and relieve the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironments. It can also recruit abundant immune cells into tumor tissues, thereby increasing immune activation responses. Conclusion: The newly engineered Salmonella HCS1 strain manifests high prospects for cancer therapeutics and is a promising option for future clinical cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Honglai Sun
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhongying Li
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People′s Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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13
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Raman V, Deshpande CP, Khanduja S, Howell LM, Van Dessel N, Forbes NS. Build-a-bug workshop: Using microbial-host interactions and synthetic biology tools to create cancer therapies. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1574-1592. [PMID: 37827116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Many systemically administered cancer therapies exhibit dose-limiting toxicities that reduce their effectiveness. To increase efficacy, bacterial delivery platforms have been developed that improve safety and prolong treatment. Bacteria are a unique class of therapy that selectively colonizes most solid tumors. As delivery vehicles, bacteria have been genetically modified to express a range of therapies that match multiple cancer indications. In this review, we describe a modular "build-a-bug" method that focuses on five design characteristics: bacterial strain (chassis), therapeutic compound, delivery method, immune-modulating features, and genetic control circuits. We emphasize how fundamental research into gut microbe pathogenesis has created safe bacterial therapies, some of which have entered clinical trials. The genomes of gut microbes are fertile grounds for discovery of components to improve delivery and modulate host immune responses. Future work coupling these delivery vehicles with insights from gut microbes could lead to the next generation of microbial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Ernest Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Chinmay P Deshpande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shradha Khanduja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lars M Howell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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14
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Wang M, Yu F, Li P. Intratumor microbiota in cancer pathogenesis and immunity: from mechanisms of action to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269054. [PMID: 37868956 PMCID: PMC10587687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial species that dwell human bodies have profound effects on overall health and multiple pathological conditions. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by disordered vasculature, hypoxia, excessive nutrition and immunosuppression. Thus, it is a favorable niche for microbial survival and growth. Multiple lines of evidence support the existence of microorganisms within diverse types of cancers. Like gut microbiota, intratumoral microbes have been tightly associated with cancer pathogenesis. Intratumoral microbiota can affect cancer development through various mechanisms, including induction of host genetic mutation, remodeling of the immune landscape and regulation of cancer metabolism and oncogenic pathways. Tumor-associated microbes modulate the efficacy of anticancer therapies, suggesting their potential utility as novel targets for future intervention. In addition, a growing body of evidence has manifested the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of intratumoral microorganisms in cancer. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the diversity and biological function of intratumoral microbiota is still incomplete. A deeper appreciation of tumor microbiome will be crucial to delineate the key pathological mechanisms underlying cancer progression and hasten the development of personalized treatment approaches. Herein, we summarize the most recent progress of the research into the emerging roles of intratumoral microbiota in cancer and towards clarifying the sophisticated mechanisms involved. Moreover, we discuss the effect of intratumoral microbiota on cancer treatment response and highlight its potential clinical implications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Huang R, Jiang Y, Shen W, Pei H, Wang G, Pei P, Yang K. The role of bacteria and its derived biomaterials in cancer radiotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4149-4171. [PMID: 37799393 PMCID: PMC10547917 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated anti-tumor therapy has received widespread attention due to its natural tumor-targeting ability and specific immune-activation characteristics. It has made significant progress in breaking the limitations of monotherapy and effectively eradicating tumors, especially when combined with traditional therapy, such as radiotherapy. According to their different biological characteristics, bacteria and their derivatives can not only improve the sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy but also protect normal tissues. Moreover, genetically engineered bacteria and bacteria-based biomaterials have further expanded the scope of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, we have summarized relevant researches on the application of bacteria and its derivatives in radiotherapy in recent years, expounding that the bacteria, bacterial derivatives and bacteria-based biomaterials can not only directly enhance radiotherapy but also improve the anti-tumor effect by improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune effects. Furthermore, some probiotics can also protect normal tissues and organs such as intestines from radiation via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and apoptosis inhibition. In conclusion, the prospect of bacteria in radiotherapy will be very extensive, but its biological safety and mechanism need to be further evaluated and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruizhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunchun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Zhao X, Xie N, Zhang H, Zhou W, Ding J. Bacterial Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: "Why" and "How". Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2214. [PMID: 37765183 PMCID: PMC10534357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major diseases that endanger human health. However, the use of anticancer drugs is accompanied by a series of side effects. Suitable drug delivery systems can reduce the toxic side effects of drugs and enhance the bioavailability of drugs, among which targeted drug delivery systems are the main development direction of anticancer drug delivery systems. Bacteria is a novel drug delivery system that has shown great potential in cancer therapy because of its tumor-targeting, oncolytic, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we systematically describe the reasons why bacteria are suitable carriers of anticancer drugs and the mechanisms by which these advantages arise. Secondly, we outline strategies on how to load drugs onto bacterial carriers. These drug-loading strategies include surface modification and internal modification of bacteria. We focus on the drug-loading strategy because appropriate strategies play a key role in ensuring the stability of the delivery system and improving drug efficacy. Lastly, we also describe the current state of bacterial clinical trials and discuss current challenges. This review summarizes the advantages and various drug-loading strategies of bacteria for cancer therapy and will contribute to the development of bacterial drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Nuli Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
- Changsha Jingyi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410006, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
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17
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Tumas S, Meldgaard TS, Vaaben TH, Suarez Hernandez S, Rasmussen AT, Vazquez-Uribe R, Hadrup SR, Sommer MOA. Engineered E. coli Nissle 1917 for delivery of bioactive IL-2 for cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12506. [PMID: 37532747 PMCID: PMC10397246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we performed a step-wise optimization of biologically active IL-2 for delivery using E. coli Nissle 1917. Engineering of the strain was coupled with an in vitro cell assay to measure the biological activity of microbially produced IL-2 (mi-IL2). Next, we assessed the immune modulatory potential of mi-IL2 using a 3D tumor spheroid model demonstrating a strong effect on immune cell activation. Finally, we evaluated the anticancer properties of the engineered strain in a murine CT26 tumor model. The engineered strain was injected intravenously and selectively colonized tumors. The treatment was well-tolerated, and tumors of treated mice showed a modest reduction in tumor growth rate, as well as significantly elevated levels of IL-2 in the tumor. This work demonstrates a workflow for researchers interested in engineering E. coli Nissle for a new class of microbial therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunas Tumas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Troels Holger Vaaben
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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18
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Ahmed SG, Oliva G, Shao M, Mekalanos JJ, Brenner GJ. Culture of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium VNP20009 in animal-product-free media does not alter schwannoma growth control. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2262639. [PMID: 37786375 PMCID: PMC10549203 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2262639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas are slow-growing benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors derived from Schwann-lineage cells that develop in association with NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) and schwannomatosis (NF3), as well as spontaneously. Individuals affected with NF2 and NF3 have multiple schwannomas with tumors arising throughout life. Surgical resection, the standard management, is limited in scope and efficacy and is itself associated with significant morbidity. We have previously shown that direct intratumoral injection of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), strain VNP20009, showed a potent anti-tumor effect in preclinical NF-2 schwannoma models. The United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) requires that bacterial products utilized in clinical trials be produced without exposure to animal-derived-products. In this context, we developed, characterized, and tested the antitumor efficacy of an attenuated S. Typhimurium serially passaged in animal-product-free media, naming it VNP20009-AF for "VNP20009-animal-product-free." Our in vitro data did not indicate any significant changes in the viability, motility, or morphology of VNP20009-AF, compared to its parental strain. In vivo efficacy data demonstrated that VNP20009-AF and VNP20009 controlled tumor growth to the same degree in both human NF2-schwannoma xenograft and murine-NF2 schwannoma allograft models. Together, these data support the use of VNP20009-AF for the translation of bacterial schwannoma therapy into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif G. Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Oliva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gary J. Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Liu Z, Hong L, Ling Z. Potential role of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract: More than passengers. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16756-16773. [PMID: 37377377 PMCID: PMC10501248 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated bacteria and gut microbiota have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential role in cancer development and therapeutic response. This review aims to discuss the contributions of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to exploring the mechanisms, functions, and implications of these bacteria in cancer therapy. METHODS We reviewed current literature on intratumor bacteria and their impact on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and anti-tumor immune modulation. Additionally, we examined techniques used to detect intratumor bacteria, precautions necessary when handling low microbial biomass tumor samples, and the recent progress in bacterial manipulation for tumor treatment. RESULTS Research indicates that each type of cancer uniquely interacts with its microbiome, and bacteria can be detected even in non-gastrointestinal tumors with low bacterial abundance. Intracellular bacteria have the potential to regulate tumor cells' biological behavior and contribute to critical aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, bacterial-based anti-tumor therapies have shown promising results in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the complex interactions between intratumor bacteria and tumor cells could lead to the development of more precise cancer treatment strategies. Further research into non-gastrointestinal tumor-associated bacteria is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches and expand our knowledge of the microbiota's role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lian‐Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
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20
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Roe JM, Seely K, Bussard CJ, Eischen Martin E, Mouw EG, Bayles KW, Hollingsworth MA, Brooks AE, Dailey KM. Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2004. [PMID: 37514190 PMCID: PMC10384176 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic bacteria are a classification of bacteria with a natural ability to specifically target solid tumors and, in the process, stimulate a potent immune response. Currently, these include species of Klebsiella, Listeria, Mycobacteria, Streptococcus/Serratia (Coley's Toxin), Proteus, Salmonella, and Clostridium. Advancements in techniques and methodology, including genetic engineering, create opportunities to "hijack" typical host-pathogen interactions and subsequently harness oncolytic capacities. Engineering, sometimes termed "domestication", of oncolytic bacterial species is especially beneficial when solid tumors are inaccessible or metastasize early in development. This review examines reported oncolytic bacteria-host immune interactions and details the known mechanisms of these interactions to the protein level. A synopsis of the presented membrane surface molecules that elicit particularly promising oncolytic capacities is paired with the stimulated localized and systemic immunogenic effects. In addition, oncolytic bacterial progression toward clinical translation through engineering efforts are discussed, with thorough attention given to strains that have accomplished Phase III clinical trial initiation. In addition to therapeutic mitigation after the tumor has formed, some bacterial species, referred to as "prophylactic", may even be able to prevent or "derail" tumor formation through anti-inflammatory capabilities. These promising species and their particularly favorable characteristics are summarized as well. A complete understanding of the bacteria-host interaction will likely be necessary to assess anti-cancer capacities and unlock the full cancer therapeutic potential of oncolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Roe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kevin Seely
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Caleb J Bussard
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth G Mouw
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80130, USA
- Office of Research & Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Dailey
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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21
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Henderson EA, Lukomski S, Boone BA. Emerging applications of cancer bacteriotherapy towards treatment of pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217095. [PMID: 37588093 PMCID: PMC10425600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a five-year survival rate of only ten percent. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for ninety percent of those cases. PDAC is associated with a dense stroma that confers resistance to current treatment modalities. Increasing resistance to cancer treatments poses a challenge and a need for alternative therapies. Bacterial mediated cancer therapies were proposed in the late 1800s by Dr. William Coley when he injected osteosarcoma patients with live streptococci or a fabrication of heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens known as Coley's toxin. Since then, several bacteria have gained recognition for possible roles in potentiating treatment response, enhancing anti-tumor immunity, and alleviating adverse effects to standard treatment options. This review highlights key bacterial mechanisms and structures that promote anti-tumor immunity, challenges and risks associated with bacterial mediated cancer therapies, and applications and opportunities for use in PDAC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Henderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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22
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Zhu Z, Liu Q, Zhu K, Wang K, Lin L, Chen Y, Shao F, Qian R, Song Y, Gao Y, Yang B, Jiang D, Lan X, An R. Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer/Bacteria Biohybrids Enhance Cerenkov Radiation-Induced Photodynamic Therapy by Activating Anti-Tumor Immunity for Synergistic Tumor Treatment. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00334-3. [PMID: 37328041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov radiation-induced photodynamic therapy (CR-PDT) gets rid of the limited tissue penetration depth of the external light source and provides a feasible scheme for the PDT excited by the internal light. However, due to the low luminescence intensity of Cerenkov radiation, CR-PDT alone cannot effectively inhibit tumor growth, curbing the potential clinical translation of CR-PDT. Herein, we reported an AIE-PS/bacteria biohybrid (EcN@TTVP) composed of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) loaded with aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE-PS) termed TTVP, which enhanced CR-PDT by activating anti-tumor immunity for synergistic tumor treatment. The preferential tumor-colonized EcN@TTVP and radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were administered sequentially to enable them to co-enrich in the tumor site, thereby triggering CR-PDT and promoting immunogenic tumor cell death. Most importantly, EcN acting as immunoadjuvants enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and priming of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Therefore, under the synergistic treatment of CR-PDT and immunotherapy, AIE-PS/bacteria biohybrids resulted in either efficient tumor remission or a survival prolongation in tumor-bearing mice, which presented significant advantages over single CR-PDT. Remarkably, no obvious toxic effects were observed during the treatment. In this study, we proposed a synergistic therapeutic strategy based on EcN@TTVP for combined CR-PDT and immunotherapy against tumors. Moreover, this strategy may have great potential in clinical translation and provide references for deep-seated tumor treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: PDT is restricted due to the shallow penetration depth of light into tumor tissues. Using CR as the excitation light source for PDT can overcome the aforementioned issue and greatly expand the application of PDT. However, the low efficacy of single CR-PDT limits further its applications. Therefore, the design and development of feasible strategies to improve the efficacy of CR-PDT are of immediate importance. Introducing probiotics to our study can be used not only as tumor-targeting carriers of photosensitizers but also as immunoadjuvants. Under co-stimulation by immunogenic tumor cell death triggered by CR-PDT and probiotics acting as immunoadjuvants, anti-tumor immune responses were effectively activated, thus remarkably enhancing the efficacy of CR-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Fuqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Ruijie Qian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Rui An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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23
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Babar Q, Saeed A, Tabish TA, Sarwar M, Thorat ND. Targeting the tumor microenvironment: Potential strategy for cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166746. [PMID: 37160171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and stromal components including tumor cells, immune cells, mesenchymal cells, cancer-linked fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix, constituent tumor microenvironment (TME). TME plays a crucial role in reprogramming tumor initiation, uncontrolled proliferation, invasion and metastasis as well as response to therapeutic modalities. In recent years targeting the TME has developed as a potential strategy for treatment of cancer because of its life-threatening functions in restricting tumor development and modulating responses to standard-of-care medicines. Cold atmospheric plasma, oncolytic viral therapy, bacterial therapy, nano-vaccine, and repurposed pharmaceuticals with combination therapy, antiangiogenic drugs, and immunotherapies are among the most effective therapies directed by TME that have either been clinically authorized or are currently being studied. This article discusses above-mentioned therapies in light of targeting TME. We also cover problems related to the TME-targeted therapies, as well as future insights and practical uses in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Babar
- Department of Biochemistry Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsin Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre (LDCRC) University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
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24
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He Z, Chen K, An Y, He J, Zhang X, Tang L, Sun F, Jiang K. BSA modification of bacterial surface: a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:105. [PMID: 37062822 PMCID: PMC10108468 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuated live bacterial therapy and medical BSA materials have their own advantages in anti-cancer research, and their combination is expected to overcome some of the disadvantages of conventional anti-cancer therapeutics. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE Utilizing the high affinity between biotin and streptavidin, BSA modification on the surface of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was achieved. Then, the adhesion and targeting abilities of BSA modified E. coli was explored on different bladder cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism was also investigated. RESULTS BSA modification on the surface of E. coli enhances its ability to adhere and target cancer cells, and we speculate that these characteristics are related to the expression of SPARC in different bladder cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION BSA and live bacteria have their own advantages in anti-cancer research. In this study, we found that E. coli surface-modified by BSA had stronger adhesion and targeting effects on bladder cancer cells with high expression of SPARC. These findings pave the way for the future studies exploring the combination of BSA combined with live bacteria for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-Related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu An
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-Related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-Related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Medical, Guizhou University, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Lannan Tang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Fa Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Niu L, Li N, Wang Y, Liu M, Su X, Bao X, Yin B, Shen S. Bacterial-Mediated Tumor Therapy: Old Treatment in a New Context. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205641. [PMID: 36908053 PMCID: PMC10131876 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought hopes for precision cancer treatment. However, complex physiological barriers and tumor immunosuppression result in poor efficacy, side effects, and resistance to antitumor therapies. Bacteria-mediated antitumor therapy provides new options to address these challenges. Thanks to their special characteristics, bacteria have excellent ability to destroy tumor cells from the inside and induce innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, bacterial components, including bacterial vesicles, spores, toxins, metabolites, and other active substances, similarly inherit their unique targeting properties and antitumor capabilities. Bacteria and their accessory products can even be reprogrammed to produce and deliver antitumor agents according to clinical needs. This review first discusses the role of different bacteria in the development of tumorigenesis and the latest advances in bacteria-based delivery platforms and the existing obstacles for application. Moreover, the prospect and challenges of clinical transformation of engineered bacteria are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repairand Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano ScienceTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200092P. R. China
- Pharmacy Department and Center for Medical Research and InnovationShanghai Pudong HospitalFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Lili Niu
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Nannan Li
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Yang Wang
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute (College) of Integrative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalian116021China
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Institute for Therapeutic Cancer VaccinesFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Bo Yin
- Institute for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Department of OncologyFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
| | - Shun Shen
- Pharmacy Department and Center for Medical Research and InnovationShanghai Pudong HospitalFudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai201399China
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26
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ECM-targeting bacteria enhance chemotherapeutic drug efficacy by lowering IFP in tumor mouse models. J Control Release 2023; 355:199-210. [PMID: 36750146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapies aim to manipulate bacteria to effectively deploy therapeutic payloads to tumors. Attenuated bacteria alone often cannot eradicate solid tumors. Attenuated Salmonella can be engineered to deliver cytotoxic drugs to either trigger an immune response or increase antitumor efficacy when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cancer cells forms a barrier that often limits the ability of chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic drugs to penetrate and eliminate tumors. To overcome this limitation, we developed a strategy to combine chemotherapy with an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain engineered to secrete HysA protein (from Staphylococcus aureus; Hyaluronidase, HAase) in tumors. The engineered Salmonella effectively degraded hyaluronan (HA), which is a major ECM constituent in tumors, and suppressed tumor growth in mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ASPC-1) and breast cancer (4T1). Furthermore, it prolonged survival when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin or gemcitabine). Upon bacterial colonization, the HAase-mediated ECM degradation decreased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, HA degradation using HAase-expressing bacteria in vivo led to decreased binding to the receptor, CD44, expressed in tumors. This may modulate proliferation- and apoptosis-related signal pathways. Therefore, ECM-targeting bacteria can be used as a synergistic anticancer therapeutic agent to maximize chemotherapeutic drug delivery into highly invasive tumors.
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27
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Constitutive Expression of a Cytotoxic Anticancer Protein in Tumor-Colonizing Bacteria. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051486. [PMID: 36900277 PMCID: PMC10000871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy is a promising next-generation modality to treat cancer that often uses tumor-colonizing bacteria to deliver cytotoxic anticancer proteins. However, the expression of cytotoxic anticancer proteins in bacteria that accumulate in the nontumoral reticuloendothelial system (RES), mainly the liver and spleen, is considered detrimental. This study examined the fate of the Escherichia coli strain MG1655 and an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) with defective ppGpp synthesis after intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice (~108 colony forming units/animal). Approximately 10% of the injected bacteria were detected initially in the RES, whereas approximately 0.01% were in tumor tissues. The bacteria in the tumor tissue proliferated vigorously to up to 109 colony forming units/g tissue, whereas those in the RES died off. RNA analysis revealed that tumor-associated E. coli activated rrnB operon genes encoding the rRNA building block of ribosome needed most during the exponential stage of growth, whereas those in the RES expressed substantially decreased levels of this gene and were cleared soon presumably by innate immune systems. Based on this finding, we engineered ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum to express constitutively a recombinant immunotoxin comprising TGFα and the Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38) using a constitutive exponential phase promoter, the ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1. The construct exerted anticancer effects on mice grafted with mouse colon (CT26) or breast (4T1) tumor cells without any notable adverse effects, suggesting that constitutive expression of cytotoxic anticancer protein from rrnB P1 occurred only in tumor tissue.
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28
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Habanjar O, Bingula R, Decombat C, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. Crosstalk of Inflammatory Cytokines within the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044002. [PMID: 36835413 PMCID: PMC9964711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several immune and immunocompetent cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, adipocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells, are significantly correlated with the complex discipline of oncology. Cytotoxic innate and adaptive immune cells can block tumor proliferation, and others can prevent the immune system from rejecting malignant cells and provide a favorable environment for tumor progression. These cells communicate with the microenvironment through cytokines, a chemical messenger, in an endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine manner. These cytokines play an important role in health and disease, particularly in host immune responses to infection and inflammation. They include chemokines, interleukins (ILs), adipokines, interferons, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which are produced by a wide range of cells, including immune cells, such as macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, a variety of stromal cells, and some cancer cells. Cytokines play a crucial role in cancer and cancer-related inflammation, with direct and indirect effects on tumor antagonistic or tumor promoting functions. They have been extensively researched as immunostimulatory mediators to promote the generation, migration and recruitment of immune cells that contribute to an effective antitumor immune response or pro-tumor microenvironment. Thus, in many cancers such as breast cancer, cytokines including leptin, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, IL-17, and IL-10 stimulate while others including IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ, inhibit cancer proliferation and/or invasion and enhance the body's anti-tumor defense. Indeed, the multifactorial functions of cytokines in tumorigenesis will advance our understanding of cytokine crosstalk pathways in the tumor microenvironment, such as JAK/STAT, PI3K, AKT, Rac, MAPK, NF-κB, JunB, cFos, and mTOR, which are involved in angiogenesis, cancer proliferation and metastasis. Accordingly, targeting and blocking tumor-promoting cytokines or activating and amplifying tumor-inhibiting cytokines are considered cancer-directed therapies. Here, we focus on the role of the inflammatory cytokine system in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses, discuss cytokine pathways involved in immune responses to cancer and some anti-cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rea Bingula
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Lebanon
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
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29
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Qin Y, You SH, Zhang Y, Venu A, Hong Y, Min JJ. Genetic Programming by Nitric Oxide-Sensing Gene Switch System in Tumor-Targeting Bacteria. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:266. [PMID: 36832032 PMCID: PMC9954711 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in synthetic biology has enabled bacteria to respond to specific disease signals to perform diagnostic and/or therapeutic tasks. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) colonization of tumors results in increases in nitric oxide (NO) levels, suggesting that NO may act as a candidate inducer of tumor-specific gene expression. The present study describes a NO-sensing gene switch system for triggering tumor-specific gene expression in an attenuated strain of S. Typhimurium. The genetic circuit was designed to sense NO via NorR, thus initiating the expression of FimE DNA recombinase. This was found to lead sequentially to the unidirectional inversion of a promoter region (fimS), which induced the expression of target genes. Target gene expression in bacteria transformed with the NO-sensing switch system was triggered in the presence of a chemical source of NO, diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide (DETA/NO) in vitro. In vivo results revealed that the gene expression is tumor-targeted, and specific to NO generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after S. Typhimurium colonization. These results showed that NO was a promising inducer to finely tune the expression of target genes carried by tumor-targeting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshan Qin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan You
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Akhil Venu
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
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30
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Xue K, Wang L, Liu J. Surface Modification of Bacteria to Optimize Immunomodulation for Advanced Immunotherapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200574. [PMID: 36376260 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have been widely exploited as therapeutic agents for immunotherapy due to their native immunogenicity, living characteristic, and genetic manipulability. However, conventional bacteria-based immunotherapy often suffers from dose-dependent safety issues and poor treatment efficacy. Harnessing surface modification of bacteria to carry additional immune modulators has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce bacterial dose and synergistically enhance the activation of immune responses. In this paper, bacteria-mediated immunomodulation and the underlying mechanisms are introduced, followed by a summarization on the concept of using surface-modification approaches including physical encapsulation, chemical conjugation, and metabolic labelling to combine diverse immune functions. The applications of modified bacteria as therapeutics for immunotherapy toward cancer and inflammatory bowel disease have been expounded further. Both challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of surface-modified bacteria for immunomodulation are also proposed. This work offers unique insights into developing safe yet potent bacteria-based therapeutics for advanced immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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31
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Pirini F, Cortesi M, Tumedei MM, Zanoni M, Ravaioli S, Bravaccini S. Tumor resident microbiota and response to therapies: An insight on tissue bacterial microbiota. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1048360. [PMID: 36684442 PMCID: PMC9845623 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the promotion, progression, and response to therapies is gaining importance, but recent studies confirm the presence of microbiota also in the tumor, thus becoming a component of the tumor microenvironment. There is not much knowledge on the characteristics and mechanisms of action of the tumor resident microbiota, but there are already indications of its involvement in conditioning the response to therapies. In this review, we discuss recent publications on the interaction between microbiota and anticancer treatments, mechanisms of resistance and possible strategies for manipulating the microbiota that could improve treatments in a personalized medicine perspective.
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32
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Guo Y, Song M, Liu X, Chen Y, Xun Z, Sun Y, Tan W, He J, Zheng JH. Photodynamic therapy-improved oncolytic bacterial immunotherapy with FAP-encoding S. typhimurium. J Control Release 2022; 351:860-871. [PMID: 36181917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered bacterial cancer therapy presents several advantages over conventional therapies. However, the anticancer effects of bacterium-based therapies remain insufficient, and serious side effects may be incurred with the increase in therapeutic dosages. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) suppresses tumor growth by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through specific laser-activated photosensitizers (PSs). Tumor-specific PS delivery and activatable ROS generation are two critical aspects for PDT advancement. Here, we propose PDT-enhanced oncolytic bacterial immunotherapy (OBI) by using genetically engineered avirulent Salmonella expressing a fluorogen-activating protein (FAP). Upon binding to a fluorogen, FAP could be activated and generate fluorescence and ROS. The instant activation of persistent fluorescence was detected in tumors through bacterium-based imaging. In a colon cancer model, PDT-OBI showed an enhanced tumor inhibition effect and prolonged animal survival. Mechanically, PDT generated ROS, resulting in the killing of cancer cells and over-accumulated bacteria. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns released from the destroyed bacteria and cancer cells recruited and activated immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), which released additional proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β); reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10); and further enhanced immune cell infiltration in a positive-feedback manner, thus reducing bacterium-induced side effects and improving anticancer activities. This synergistic therapy has promising potential for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mingxia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianjun He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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33
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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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Huang Q, Wei X, Li W, Ma Y, Chen G, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Xie S, Chen Q, Chen T. Endogenous Propionibacterium acnes Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression via Regulating Hedgehog Signalling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5178. [PMID: 36358596 PMCID: PMC9658903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a complicated process involving several key molecules and factors, yet whether microbiota are present in EOC, and their role in the development of EOC, remains greatly unknown. METHODS In this study, 30 patients were enrolled to compare the similarities and differences of intratumour microbiota among patients with epithelial benign ovarian tumours (EBOTs) and patients with EOC based on the high-throughput sequencing method. Subsequently, we further isolated the specific EOC-related bacteria and defined Propionibacterium acnes as a key strain in facilitating EOC progression. More importantly, we constructed a mouse EOC model to evaluate the effect of the P. acnes strain on EOC using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS The high-throughput sequencing showed that the intratumour microbiota in EOC tissues had a higher microbial diversity and richness compared to EBOT tissues. The abundance of previously considered pathogens, Actinomycetales, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Ochrobacterium, and Pseudomonadaceae Pseudomonas, was increased in the EOC tissues. Meanwhile, we discovered the facilitating role of the P. acnes strain in the progression of EOC, which may be partially associated with the increased inflammatory response to activate the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway. This microbial-induced EOC progression mechanism is further confirmed using the inhibitor GANT61. CONCLUSIONS This study profiled the intratumour microbiota of EBOT and EOC tissues and demonstrated that the diversity and composition of the intratumour microbiota were significantly different. Furthermore, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we confirmed the molecular mechanism of intratumour microbiota promotion of EOC progression in mice, which induces inflammation to activate the Hh signalling pathway. This could provide us clues for improving EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifa Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guanxiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Liu Y, Feng J, Pan H, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Genetically engineered bacterium: Principles, practices, and prospects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997587. [PMID: 36312915 PMCID: PMC9606703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in synthetic biology and the clinical application of bacteriotherapy enable the use of genetically engineered bacteria (GEB) to combat various diseases. GEB act as a small ‘machine factory’ in the intestine or other tissues to continuously produce heterologous proteins or molecular compounds and, thus, diagnose or cure disease or work as an adjuvant reagent for disease treatment by regulating the immune system. Although the achievements of GEBs in the treatment or adjuvant therapy of diseases are promising, the practical implementation of this new therapeutic modality remains a grand challenge, especially at the initial stage. In this review, we introduce the development of GEBs and their advantages in disease management, summarize the latest research advances in microbial genetic techniques, and discuss their administration routes, performance indicators and the limitations of GEBs used as platforms for disease management. We also present several examples of GEB applications in the treatment of cancers and metabolic diseases and further highlight their great potential for clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hangcheng Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuwei Zhang,
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yunlei Zhang,
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Salmonella as a Promising Curative Tool against Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102100. [PMID: 36297535 PMCID: PMC9609134 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy has become a topic of interest under the broad umbrella of oncotherapy. Among many bacterial species, Salmonella remains at the forefront due to its ability to localize and proliferate inside tumor microenvironments and often suppress tumor growth. Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most promising mediators, with engineering plasticity and cancer specificity. It can be used to deliver toxins that induce cell death in cancer cells specifically, and also as a cancer-specific instrument for immunotherapy by delivering tumor antigens and exposing the tumor environment to the host immune system. Salmonella can be used to deliver prodrug converting enzymes unambiguously against cancer. Though positive responses in Salmonella-mediated cancer treatments are still at a preliminary level, they have paved the way for developing combinatorial therapy with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, and can be used synergistically to combat multi-drug resistant and higher-stage cancers. With this background, Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy was approved for clinical trials by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but the results were not satisfactory and more pre-clinical investigation is needed. This review summarizes the recent advancements in Salmonella-mediated oncotherapy in the fight against cancer. The present article emphasizes the demand for Salmonella mutants with high stringency toward cancer and with amenable elements of safety by virulence deletions.
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Xu H, Piao L, Wu Y, Liu X. IFN-γ enhances the antitumor activity of attenuated salmonella-mediated cancer immunotherapy by increasing M1 macrophage and CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and decreasing neutrophil counts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:996055. [PMID: 36246355 PMCID: PMC9556780 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.996055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy (BCI) inhibits tumor progression and has a synergistic antitumor effect when combined with chemotherapy. The anti- or pro-tumorigenic effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are controversial; hence, we were interested in the antitumor effects of IFN-γ/BCI combination therapy. Here, we demonstrated that IFN-γ increased the tumor cell killing efficacy of attenuated Salmonella by prolonging the survival of tumor-colonizing bacteria via blockade of tumor-infiltrating neutrophil recruitment. In addition, IFN-γ attenuated Salmonella-stimulated immune responses by stimulating tumor infiltration by M1-like macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thereby facilitating tumor eradication. Taken together, these findings suggest that combination treatment with IFN-γ boosts the therapeutic response of BCI with S. tΔppGpp, suggesting that IFN-γ/BCI is a promising approach to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Linghua Piao
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yundi Wu, ; Xiande Liu,
| | - Xiande Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yundi Wu, ; Xiande Liu,
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Feng Z, Wang Y, Xu H, Guo Y, Xia W, Zhao C, Zhao X, Wu J. Recent advances in bacterial therapeutics based on sense and response. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1014-1027. [PMID: 36970195 PMCID: PMC10031265 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent drug delivery is a promising strategy for cancer therapies. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology, some properties of bacteria, such as gene operability, excellent tumor colonization ability, and host-independent structure, make them ideal intelligent drug carriers and have attracted extensive attention. By implanting condition-responsive elements or gene circuits into bacteria, they can synthesize or release drugs by sensing stimuli. Therefore, compared with traditional drug delivery, the usage of bacteria for drug loading has better targeting ability and controllability, and can cope with the complex delivery environment of the body to achieve the intelligent delivery of drugs. This review mainly introduces the development of bacterial-based drug delivery carriers, including mechanisms of bacterial targeting to tumor colonization, gene deletions or mutations, environment-responsive elements, and gene circuits. Meanwhile, we summarize the challenges and prospects faced by bacteria in clinical research, and hope to provide ideas for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +025 83592629.
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +025 83592629.
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Becerra-Báez EI, Meza-Toledo SE, Muñoz-López P, Flores-Martínez LF, Fraga-Pérez K, Magaño-Bocanegra KJ, Juárez-Hernández U, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174224. [PMID: 36077761 PMCID: PMC9454573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is among the main causes of death of millions of individuals worldwide. Although survival has improved with conventional treatments, the appearance of resistant cancer cells leads to patient relapses. It is, therefore, necessary to find new antitumor therapies that can completely eradicate transformed cells. Bacteria-based tumor therapy represents a promising alternative treatment, particularly the use of live-attenuated Salmonella enterica, with its potential use as a delivery system of antitumor heterologous molecules such as tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer. Abstract Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Kevin Jorge Magaño-Bocanegra
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez-Hernández
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-52289917 (ext. 4401)
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Tang Q, Peng X, Xu B, Zhou X, Chen J, Cheng L. Current Status and Future Directions of Bacteria-Based Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911783. [PMID: 35757741 PMCID: PMC9226492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth understanding of the anti-cancer immunity, immunotherapy has become a promising cancer treatment after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As natural immunogenicity substances, some bacteria can preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor tissues to interact with the host and exert anti-tumor effect. However, further research is hampered by the infection-associated toxicity and their unpredictable behaviors in vivo. Due to modern advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and material science, modifying bacteria to minimize the toxicity and constructing a bacteria-based immunotherapy platform has become a hotspot in recent research. This review will cover the inherent advantages of unedited bacteria, highlight how bacteria can be engineered to provide greater tumor-targeting properties, enhanced immune-modulation effect, and improved safety. Successful applications of engineered bacteria in cancer immunotherapy or as part of the combination therapy are discussed as well as the bacteria based immunotherapy in different cancer types. In the end, we highlight the future directions and potential opportunities of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu X, Guo Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Tan W, Min JJ, Zheng JH. Comparison of Anticancer Activities and Biosafety Between Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ΔppGpp and VNP20009 in a Murine Cancer Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914575. [PMID: 35847095 PMCID: PMC9277105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium defective in guanosine 5′-diphosphate-3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) synthesis (ΔppGpp) is an attenuated strain with good biosafety and excellent anticancer efficacy. It has been widely applied in preclinical studies of anticancer therapy for various types of solid cancer. VNP20009 is another genetically modified auxotrophic strain with 108-kb deletion, purI−, msbB−, and many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); it has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in various preclinical tumor models and entered phase I clinical trials. Here, the invasion activities and virulence of ΔppGpp were obviously lower than those of the VNP20009 strain when tested with cancer cells in vitro. In addition, the MC38 tumor-bearing mice showed comparable cancer suppression when treated with ΔppGpp or VNP20009 intravenously. However, the ΔppGpp-treated mice showed 16.7% of complete cancer eradication and prolonged survival in mice, whereas VNP20009 showed higher toxicity to animals, even with equal tumor size individually. Moreover, we found decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines in circulation but strengthened immune boost in tumor microenvironments of ΔppGpp-treated mice. Therefore, the engineered ΔppGpp has high potential for cancer therapeutics, and it is a promising option for future clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Jung-Joon Min,
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Hai Zheng,
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Intratumoral injection of schwannoma with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium induces antitumor immunity and controls tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202719119. [PMID: 35675425 PMCID: PMC9214496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202719119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas are slow-growing benign neoplasms that develop throughout the body causing pain, sensory/motor dysfunction, and death. Because bacterial immunotherapy has been used in the treatment of some malignant neoplasms, we evaluated attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strains as immunotherapies for benign murine schwannomas. Several bacterial strains were tested, including VNP20009, a highly attenuated strain that was previously shown to be safe in human subjects with advanced malignant neoplasms, and a VNP20009 mutant that was altered in motility and other properties that included adherence and invasion of cultured mammalian cells. VNP20009 controlled tumor growth in two murine schwannoma models and induced changes in cytokine and immune effector cell profiles that were consistent with induction of enhanced innate and adaptive host immune responses compared with controls. Intratumoral (i.t.) injection of S. typhimurium led to tumor cell apoptosis, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and lower growth of the injected schwannoma tumors. Invasive VNP20009 was significantly more efficacious than was a noninvasive derivative in controlling the growth of injected tumors. Bacterial treatment apparently induced systemic antitumor immunity in that the growth of rechallenge schwannomas implanted following primary bacterial treatment was also reduced. Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade induced by systemic administration of anti-PD-1 antibodies controlled tumor growth to the same degree as i.t. injection of S. typhimurium, and together, these two therapies had an additive effect on suppressing schwannoma growth. These experiments represent validation of a bacterial therapy for a benign neoplasm and support development of S. typhimurium VNP20009, potentially in combination with PD-1 inhibition, as a schwannoma immunotherapy.
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Progress of engineered bacteria for tumor therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114296. [PMID: 35439571 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, with the rapid development of bioengineering technology and nanotechnology, natural bacteria were modified to change their physiological activities and therapeutic functions for improved therapeutic efficiency of diseases. These engineered bacteria were equipped to achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization and precise spatio-temporal control. In this review, research progress in the basic modification methodologies of engineered bacteria were summarized, and representative researches about their therapeutic performances for tumor treatment were illustrated. Moreover, the strategies for the construction of engineered colonies based on engineering of individual bacteria were summarized, providing innovative ideas for complex functions and efficient anti-tumor treatment. Finally, current limitation and challenges of tumor therapy utilizing engineered bacteria were discussed.
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Chen W, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Sun X. Advances in Salmonella Typhimurium-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114295. [PMID: 35429576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of bacteria-mediated immune therapy dates back over a century ago. In recent years, these strategies have advanced greatly with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Several bacterial therapies have been developed allowing for more effective treatments for cancers, and Salmonella is one of the most studied bacterial species. Here, we review the advances in the bioengineered and functionalized Salmonella Typhimurium strains as drug delivery carries, including the various genetic circuits for programing these bacteria, the surface modification strategies using nanoparticles or other therapeutic agents for richer and broader features, and the bacterial component-based vehicles for cancer immunotherapy. This review will include the promises and challenges of these optimized Salmonella-based delivery systems and their related clinical trials. Ultimately, we hope to provide a spark of thought in the field of drug delivery and find important crosstalk between bacteria-mediated therapy and other different forms of treatments.
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Wu L, Bao F, Li L, Yin X, Hua Z. Bacterially mediated drug delivery and therapeutics: Strategies and advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114363. [PMID: 35649449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was already clinically apparent 150 years ago that bacterial therapy could alleviate diseases. Recently, a burgeoning number of researchers have been using bacterial regimens filled with microbial therapeutic leads to diagnose and treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and viral infections. Some bacteria that were designed to have low toxicity and high efficiency in drug delivery have been used to treat diseases successfully, especially in tumor therapy in animal models or clinical trials, thanks to the progress of genetic engineering and synthetic bioengineering. Therefore, genetically engineered bacteria can serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles, carrying nucleic acids or genetic circuits that encode and regulate therapeutic payloads. In this review, we summarize the development and applications of this approach. Strategies for genetically modifying strains are described in detail, along with their objectives. We also describe some controlled strategies for drug delivery and release using these modified strains as carriers. Furthermore, we discuss treatment methods for various types of diseases using engineered bacteria. Tumors are discussed as the most representative example, and other diseases are also briefly described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of drug delivery systems based on these bacteria.
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Wu L, Li L, Li S, Liu L, Xin W, Li C, Yin X, Xu X, Bao F, Hua Z. Macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of engineered Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 in anti-PD1 therapy against melanoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3952-3971. [PMID: 36213533 PMCID: PMC9532557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics, including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However, the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8+ T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.
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Pattern of F-18 FDG Uptake in Colon Cancer after Bacterial Cancer Therapy Using Engineered Salmonella Typhimurium: A Preliminary In Vivo Study. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:9222331. [PMID: 35517712 PMCID: PMC9042370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9222331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) research using engineered Salmonella typhimurium has increased in recent years. 2-Deoxy-2[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is widely used in cancer patients to detect cancer, monitor treatment responses, and predict prognoses. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate FDG uptake patterns in a mouse tumor model after BCT. Procedures. BCT was performed via the intravenous injection of attenuated S. typhimurium (SLΔppGpp/lux) into female mice bearing a tumor (derived from CT26 murine colon cancer cells) in the right thigh. 18F-FDG PET images acquired before BCT and at different time points after BCT. In vivo bioluminescence imaging confirmed bacterial presence in the tumor. The tumor volume, standardized uptake value (SUV) of FDG (SUVmax and SUVmean), early SUV reduction%, and normalized tumor volume change were analyzed. Results. Early after BCT (1 or 2 days post-injection (dpi)), FDG tumor uptake decreased in 10 out of 11 mice and then increased at later stages. FDG uptake before BCT was correlated with normalized tumor volume change after BCT. Early FDG reduction% after BCT was correlated with normalized volume change after BCT. Conclusions. Early after BCT, FDG tumor uptake decreased and then increased at later stages. The higher the FDG tumor uptake before BCT, the better the BCT response. FDG uptake patterns were related to tumor volume change after BCT. Therefore, FDG uptake was a good candidate for evaluating BCT.
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Bao Y, Cheng Y, Liu W, Luo W, Zhou P, Qian D. Bacteria−Based Synergistic Therapy in the Backdrop of Synthetic Biology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845346. [PMID: 35444948 PMCID: PMC9013830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the synergistic effect of traditional therapies combined with tumor targeting or immunotherapy can significantly reduce mortality, cancer remains the leading cause of disease related death to date. Limited clinical response rate, drug resistance and off-target effects, to a large extent, impede the ceilings of clinical efficiency. To get out from the dilemmas mentioned, bacterial therapy with a history of more than 150 years regained great concern in recent years. The rise of biological engineering and chemical modification strategies are able to optimize tumor bacterial therapy in highest measure, and meanwhile avoid its inherent drawbacks toward clinical application such as bacteriotoxic effects, weak controllability, and low security. Here, we give an overview of recent studies with regard to bacteria-mediated therapies combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. And more than that, we review the bacterial detoxification and targeting strategies via biological reprogramming or chemical modification, their applications, and clinical transformation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Qian
- *Correspondence: Dong Qian, ; Peijie Zhou,
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Feng Z, Hu Y, Wang X, Li Y, Yu Y, He J, Li H, Zhang T, Zhang L, Shen G, Ding X. In situ imaging for tumor microbiome interactions via imaging mass cytometry on single-cell level. Cytometry A 2022; 101:617-629. [PMID: 35301803 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Co-detection of multiplex cancer subtypes and bacteria subtypes in situ is crucial for understanding tumor microbiome interactions in tumor microenvironment. Current standard techniques such as immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining are limited for their multiplicity. Simultaneously visualizing detailed cell subtypes and bacteria distribution across the same pathological section remains a major technical challenge. Herein, we developed a rapid semi-quantitative method for in situ imaging of bacteria and multiplex cell phenotypes on the same solid tumor tissue sections. We designed a panel of antibody probes labeled with mass tags, namely prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell hybrid probes for in situ imaging (PEHPSI). For application demonstration, PEHPSI stained two bacteria subtypes (lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) for Gram-positive bacteria) simultaneously with four types of immune cells (leukocytes, CD8+T-cells, B-cells and macrophages) and four breast cancer subtypes (classified by a panel of 12 human proteins) on the same tissue section. We unveiled that breast cancer cells are commonly enriched with Gram-negative bacteria and almost absent of Gram-positive bacteria, regardless of the cancer subtypes (triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HER2+, Luminal A and Luminal B). Further analysis revealed that on the single-cell level, Gram-negative bacteria have a significant correlation with CD8+T-cells only in HER2+ breast cancer, while PKCD, ER, PR and Ki67 are correlated with Gram-negative bacteria in the other three subtypes of breast cancers. On the cell population level, in TNBC, CD19 expression intensity is up-regulated by approximately 25% in bacteria-enriched cells, while for HER2+, Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancers, the intensity of biomarkers associated with the malignancy, metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells (PKCD, ISG15 and IFI6) is down-regulated by 29-38%. The flexible and expandable PEHPSI system permits intuitive multiplex co-visualization of bacteria and mammalian cells, which facilitates future research on tumor microbiome and tumor pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Feng
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Department of Pathology, Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling City, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyi Yu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxia Shen
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yin T, Diao Z, Blum NT, Qiu L, Ma A, Huang P. Engineering Bacteria and Bionic Bacterial Derivatives with Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104643. [PMID: 34908239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural bacteria are interesting subjects for cancer treatments owing to their unique autonomy-driven and hypoxic target properties. Genetically modified bacteria (such as bacteria with msbB gene and aroA gene modifications) can effectively cross sophisticated physiological barriers and transport antitumor agents into deep tumor tissues, and they have good biosafety. Additionally, bacteria can secrete cytokines (such as interleukin-224, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], and interleukin-1β) and activate antitumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in tumor inhibition. All of these characteristics can be easily utilized to develop synergistic antitumor strategies by combining bacteria-based agents with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, representative studies of bacteria-instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced (e.g., photothermal therapy, chemoimmunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and photocontrolled bacterial metabolite therapy), and their key advantages are systematically expounded. The current challenges and future prospects in advancing the development of bacteria-based micro/nanomedicines in the field of synthetic biology research are also emphasized, which will hopefully promote the development of related bacteria-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhenying Diao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Nicholas Thomas Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Long Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Aiqing Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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