1
|
Diaz MJ, Mark I, Rodriguez D, Gelman B, Tran JT, Kleinberg G, Levin A, Beneke A, Root KT, Tran AXV, Lucke-Wold B. Melanoma Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review of Opportunities for Earlier Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030828. [PMID: 36983983 PMCID: PMC10053844 DOI: 10.3390/life13030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Melanoma continues to represent the most serious skin cancer worldwide. However, few attempts have been made to connect the body of research on advanced melanoma. In the present review, we report on strides made in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial metastatic melanoma. Methods: Relevant Cochrane reviews and randomized-controlled trials published by November 2022 were systematically retrieved from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases (N = 27). Search and screening methods adhered to the 2020 revision of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Although the research surrounding the earlier detection of melanoma brain metastasis is scarce, several studies have highlighted specific markers associated with MBM. Such factors include elevated BRAFV600 mutant ctDNA, high LDH concentration, and high IGF-1R. The approach to treating MBM is moving away from surgery and toward nonsurgical management, namely, a combination of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immunotherapeutic agents. There is an abundance of emerging research seeking to identify and improve both novel and established treatment options and diagnostic approaches for MBM, however, more research is still needed to maximize the clinical efficacy, especially for new immunotherapeutics. Conclusions: Early detection is optimal for the efficacy of treatment and MBM prognosis. Current treatment utilizes chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Emerging approaches emphasize biomarkers and joint treatments. Further exploration toward preliminary identification, the timing of therapies, and methods to ameliorate adverse treatment effects are needed to advance MBM patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Mark
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daphnee Rodriguez
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Beata Gelman
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jasmine Thuy Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Giona Kleinberg
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Levin
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alice Beneke
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Thomas Root
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew Xuan Vinh Tran
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goeckeritz J, Cerillo J, Sanghadia C, Hosseini M, Clark A, Pierre K, Lucke-Wold B. Principles of Lung Cancer Metastasis to Brain. JOURNAL OF SKELETON SYSTEM 2022; 1:https://www.mediresonline.org/article/principles-of-lung-cancer-metastasis-to-brain. [PMID: 36745145 PMCID: PMC9893877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality on a global setting. This form of cancer commonly gives raise to metastatic lesions the brain, which can further worsen outcomes. In this focused review, we discuss an overview of lung cancers that metastasize to the brain: known risk factors; means of detection and diagnosis; and options for treatment including a comparison between surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiation therapy. These interventions are still being assessed by clinical trials and continue to be modified through evidence-based practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Cerillo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL
| | | | | | - Alec Clark
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehman AU, Khan P, Maurya SK, Siddiqui JA, Santamaria-Barria JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Liquid biopsies to occult brain metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:113. [PMID: 35538484 PMCID: PMC9088117 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major problem associated with cancer-related mortality, and currently, no specific biomarkers are available in clinical settings for early detection. Liquid biopsy is widely accepted as a non-invasive method for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. We have reviewed the evidence that shows how the molecular alterations are involved in BrM, majorly from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), and melanoma, with an inception in how they can be employed for biomarker development. We discussed genetic and epigenetic changes that influence cancer cells to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to establish metastatic lesions in the uniquely distinct brain microenvironment. Keeping abreast with the recent breakthroughs in the context of various biomolecules detections and identifications, the circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free nucleotides, non-coding RNAs, secretory proteins, and metabolites can be pursued in human body fluids such as blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine to obtain potential candidates for biomarker development. The liquid biopsy-based biomarkers can overlay with current imaging techniques to amplify the signal viable for improving the early detection and treatments of occult BrM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Larkin JR, Anthony S, Johanssen VA, Yeo T, Sealey M, Yates AG, Smith CF, Claridge TD, Nicholson BD, Moreland JA, Gleeson F, Sibson NR, Anthony DC, Probert F. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Blood Samples Identify Cancers in a Mixed Population of Patients with Nonspecific Symptoms. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1651-1661. [PMID: 34983789 PMCID: PMC7613224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient outcomes, but cancers may be hard to diagnose if patients present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. We have previously shown that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis can detect cancer in animal models and distinguish between differing metastatic disease burdens. Here, we hypothesized that biomarkers within the blood metabolome could identify cancers within a mixed population of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific symptoms, the so-called "low-risk, but not no-risk" patient group, as well as distinguishing between those with and without metastatic disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (n = 304 comprising modeling, n = 192, and test, n = 92) were recruited from 2017 to 2018 from the Oxfordshire Suspected CANcer (SCAN) pathway, a multidisciplinary diagnostic center (MDC) referral pathway for patients with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Blood was collected and analyzed by NMR metabolomics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) models separated patients, based upon diagnoses received from the MDC assessment, within 62 days of initial appointment. RESULTS Area under the ROC curve for identifying patients with solid tumors in the independent test set was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.95]. Maximum sensitivity and specificity were 94% (95% CI: 73-99) and 82% (95% CI: 75-87), respectively. We could also identify patients with metastatic disease in the cohort of patients with cancer with sensitivity and specificity of 94% (95% CI: 72-99) and 88% (95% CI: 53-98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For a mixed group of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific signs and symptoms, NMR-based metabolomics can assist their diagnosis, and may differentiate both those with malignancies and those with and without metastatic disease. See related commentary by Van Tine and Lyssiotis, p. 1477.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Larkin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Anthony
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa A. Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Megan Sealey
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abi G. Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Friedemann Smith
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brian D. Nicholson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie-Ann Moreland
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benson S, de Moliner F, Fernandez A, Kuru E, Asiimwe NL, Lee JS, Hamilton L, Sieger D, Bravo IR, Elliot AM, Feng Y, Vendrell M. Photoactivatable metabolic warheads enable precise and safe ablation of target cells in vivo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2369. [PMID: 33888691 PMCID: PMC8062536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable molecules enable ablation of malignant cells under the control of light, yet current agents can be ineffective at early stages of disease when target cells are similar to healthy surrounding tissues. In this work, we describe a chemical platform based on amino-substituted benzoselenadiazoles to build photoactivatable probes that mimic native metabolites as indicators of disease onset and progression. Through a series of synthetic derivatives, we have identified the key chemical groups in the benzoselenadiazole scaffold responsible for its photodynamic activity, and subsequently designed photosensitive metabolic warheads to target cells associated with various diseases, including bacterial infections and cancer. We demonstrate that versatile benzoselenadiazole metabolites can selectively kill pathogenic cells - but not healthy cells - with high precision after exposure to non-toxic visible light, reducing any potential side effects in vivo. This chemical platform provides powerful tools to exploit cellular metabolic signatures for safer therapeutic and surgical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erkin Kuru
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Asiimwe
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) & Bio-Med Program KIST-School UST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lloyd Hamilton
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk Sieger
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabel R Bravo
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Abigail M Elliot
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruiz-Rodado V, Brender JR, Cherukuri MK, Gilbert MR, Larion M. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of cns malignancies. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 122:23-41. [PMID: 33632416 PMCID: PMC7910526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, brain tumors are amongst the malignancies with the worst prognosis; therefore, a prompt diagnosis and thoughtful assessment of the disease is required. The resistance of brain tumors to most forms of conventional therapy has led researchers to explore the underlying biology in search of new vulnerabilities and biomarkers. The unique metabolism of brain tumors represents one potential vulnerability and the basis for a system of classification. Profiling this aberrant metabolism requires a method to accurately measure and report differences in metabolite concentrations. Magnetic resonance-based techniques provide a framework for examining tumor tissue and the evolution of disease. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of biofluids collected from patients suffering from brain cancer can provide biological information about disease status. In particular, urine and plasma can serve to monitor the evolution of disease through the changes observed in the metabolic profiles. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid can be utilized as a direct reporter of cerebral activity since it carries the chemicals exchanged with the brain tissue and the tumor mass. Metabolic reprogramming has recently been included as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Accordingly, the metabolic rewiring experienced by these tumors to sustain rapid growth and proliferation can also serve as a potential therapeutic target. The combination of 13C tracing approaches with the utilization of different NMR spectral modalities has allowed investigations of the upregulation of glycolysis in the aggressive forms of brain tumors, including glioblastomas, and the discovery of the utilization of acetate as an alternative cellular fuel in brain metastasis and gliomas. One of the major contributions of magnetic resonance to the assessment of brain tumors has been the non-invasive determination of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in tumors harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The mutational status of this enzyme already serves as a key feature in the clinical classification of brain neoplasia in routine clinical practice and pilot studies have established the use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for monitoring disease progression and treatment response in IDH mutant gliomas. However, the development of bespoke methods for 2HG detection by MRS has been required, and this has prevented the wider implementation of MRS methodology into the clinic. One of the main challenges for improving the management of the disease is to obtain an accurate insight into the response to treatment, so that the patient can be promptly diverted into a new therapy if resistant or maintained on the original therapy if responsive. The implementation of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has allowed detection of changes in tumor metabolism associated with a treatment, and as such has been revealed as a remarkable tool for monitoring response to therapeutic strategies. In summary, the application of magnetic resonance-based methodologies to the diagnosis and management of brain tumor patients, in addition to its utilization in the investigation of its tumor-associated metabolic rewiring, is helping to unravel the biological basis of malignancies of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Jeffery R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Murali K Cherukuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metabolomic studies of breast cancer in murine models: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165713. [PMID: 32014550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic strategies have been extensively used to search for biomarkers of disease, including cancer, in biological complex mixtures such as cells, tissues and biofluids. In breast cancer research, murine models are of great value and metabolomics has been increasingly applied to characterize tumor or organ tissues, or biofluids, for instance to follow-up metabolism during cancer progression or response to specific therapies. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review briefly introduces the different murine models used in breast cancer research and proceeds to present the metabolomic studies reported so far to describe the deviant metabolic behavior associated to breast cancer, in each type of model: xenografts (cell- or patient-derived), spontaneous (naturally-occurring or genetically engineered) and carcinogen-induced. The type of sample and strategies followed are identified, as well as the main findings from of study. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics has gradually become relevant in characterizing murine models of breast cancer, using either Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or Mass Spectromety (MS). Both tissue and biofluids are matrixes of interest in this context, although in some type of models, reports have focused primarily on the former. The aims of tissue studies have comprised the search for mechanistic knowledge of carcinogenesis, metastasis development and response/resistance to therapies. Biofluid metabolomics has mainly aimed at finding non-invasive biomarkers for early breast cancer detection or prognosis determination. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Metabolomics provides exquisite detail on murine tumor and systemic metabolism of breast cancer. This knowledge paves the way for the discovery of new biomarkers, potentially translatable to in vivo non-invasive patient follow-up.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Z, Li Z, Li H, Jiang Y. Metabolomics: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic implement for breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6797-6811. [PMID: 31686838 PMCID: PMC6709037 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer death. Despite the advent of numerous diagnosis and treatment methods in recent years, this heterogeneous disease still presents great challenges in early diagnosis, curative treatments and prognosis monitoring. Thus, finding promising early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and approaches is meaningful. Metabolomics, which focuses on the analysis of metabolites that change during metabolism, can reveal even a subtle abnormal change in an individual. In recent decades, the exploration of cancer-related metabolomics has increased. Metabolites can be promising biomarkers for the screening, response evaluation and prognosis of BC. In this review, we summarized the workflow of metabolomics, described metabolite signatures based on molecular subtype as well as reclassification and then discussed the application of metabolomics in the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of BC to offer new insights for clinicians in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan Z, Xiao L, Tang M, Bai F, Li J, Li L, Shi F, Li N, Li Y, Du Q, Lu J, Weng X, Yi W, Zhang H, Fan J, Zhou J, Gao Q, Onuchic JN, Bode AM, Luo X, Cao Y. Targeting CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiation therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2329-2347. [PMID: 29721083 PMCID: PMC5928893 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a particularly high prevalence in southern China, southeastern Asia and northern Africa. Radiation resistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment in NPC. This study aimed to explore the metabolic feature of radiation-resistant NPC cells and identify new molecular-targeted agents to improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy in NPC. Methods: Radiation-responsive and radiation-resistant NPC cells were used as the model system in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomics approach was used to illustrate the global metabolic changes. 13C isotopomer tracing experiment and Seahorse XF analysis were undertaken to determine the activity of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of essential FAO genes including CPT1A. NPC tumor tissue microarray was used to investigate the prognostic role of CPT1A. Either RNA interference or pharmacological blockade by Etomoxir were used to inhibit CPT1A. Radiation resistance was evaluated by colony formation assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and neutral lipid content were measured by flow cytometry analysis using JC-1, Annexin V and LipidTOX Red probe respectively. Molecular markers of mitochondrial apoptosis were detected by western blot. Xenografts were treated with Etomoxir, radiation, or a combination of Etomoxir and radiation. Mitochondrial apoptosis and lipid droplets content of tumor tissues were detected by cleaved caspase 9 and Oil Red O staining respectively. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry approach was used to identify CPT1A-binding proteins. The interaction of CPT1A and Rab14 were detected by immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and in situ proximity ligation analysis. Fragment docking and direct coupling combined computational protein-protein interaction prediction method were used to predict the binding interface. Fatty acid trafficking was measured by pulse-chase assay using BODIPY C16 and MitoTracker Red probe. Results: FAO was active in radiation-resistant NPC cells, and the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A (CPT1A), was consistently up-regulated in these cells. The protein level of CPT1A was significantly associated with poor overall survival of NPC patients following radiotherapy. Inhibition of CPT1A re-sensitized NPC cells to radiation therapy by activating mitochondrial apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identified Rab14 as a novel CPT1A binding protein. The CPT1A-Rab14 interaction facilitated fatty acid trafficking from lipid droplets to mitochondria, which decreased radiation-induced lipid accumulation and maximized ATP production. Knockdown of Rab14 attenuated CPT1A-mediated fatty acid trafficking and radiation resistance. Conclusion: An active FAO is a vital signature of NPC radiation resistance. Targeting CPT1A could be a beneficial regimen to improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy in NPC patients. Importantly, the CPT1A-Rab14 interaction plays roles in CPT1A-mediated radiation resistance by facilitating fatty acid trafficking. This interaction could be an attractive interface for the discovery of novel CPT1A inhibitors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Song N, Guo H, Ren J, Hao S, Wang X. Synergistic anti-tumor effects of dasatinib and dendritic cell vaccine on metastatic breast cancer in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6831-6838. [PMID: 29731862 PMCID: PMC5920940 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently considered as one of the major anti-tumor modalities, but its efficacy is limited. Dasatinib could improve the expansion and recruitment of cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor microenvironment. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic anti-tumor effects of dasatinib with dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in metastatic breast cancer. Dasatinib with DC vaccine was administered to mice inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Thereafter, tumor volume was measured every other day. On day 34, lung metastasis was assessed with a stereomicroscope. Tumor proliferation and angiogenesis were determined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis in tumor tissues was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The results showed that although there were no significant differences in tumor volumes between the untreated control, DC vaccine and dasatinib groups, the tumor volume was significantly decreased in the combined treatment group compared to the other three groups. Mice in the combined treatment group showed the longest survival time, while mice treated with either single treatment had a slightly increased survival time compared to the untreated control mice. Additionally, the number of metastatic lung nodules was significantly decreased in combined treatment group compared with the dasatinib alone, DC vaccine alone and untreated control groups. Furthermore, the combined treatment group showed significantly reduced intratumoral microvessel density compared to the other three groups. In addition, the ratios of CD8+ T and NK cells were significantly increased in the combined treatment group compared with the other three groups. These results suggest that dasatinib combined with the DC vaccine is a possible modality for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Hulin Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ren
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Hao
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falzone N, Ackerman NL, Rosales LDLF, Bernal MA, Liu X, Peeters SGJA, Soto MS, Corroyer-Dulmont A, Bernaudin M, Grimoin E, Touzani O, Sibson NR, Vallis KA. Dosimetric evaluation of radionuclides for VCAM-1-targeted radionuclide therapy of early brain metastases. Theranostics 2018; 8:292-303. [PMID: 29290808 PMCID: PMC5743475 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases develop frequently in patients with breast cancer, and present a pressing therapeutic challenge. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is upregulated on brain endothelial cells during the early stages of metastasis and provides a target for the detection and treatment of early brain metastases. The aim of this study was to use a model of early brain metastasis to evaluate the efficacy of α-emitting radionuclides, 149Tb, 211At, 212Pb, 213Bi and 225Ac; β-emitting radionuclides, 90Y, 161Tb and 177Lu; and Auger electron (AE)-emitters 67Ga, 89Zr, 111In and 124I, for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). METHODS Histologic sections and two photon microscopy of mouse brain parenchyma were used to inform a cylindrical vessel geometry using the Geant4 general purpose Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit with the Geant4-DNA low energy physics models. Energy deposition was evaluated as a radial function and the resulting phase spaces were superimposed on a DNA model to estimate double-strand break (DSB) yields for representative β- and α-emitters, 177Lu and 212Pb. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values were determined by only evaluating DNA damage due to physical interactions. RESULTS 177Lu produced 2.69 ± 0.08 DSB per GbpGy, without significant variation from the lumen of the vessel to a radius of 100 µm. The DSB yield of 212Pb included two local maxima produced by the 6.1 MeV and 8.8 MeV α-emissions from decay products, 212Bi and 212Po, with yields of 7.64 ± 0.12 and 9.15 ± 0.24 per GbpGy, respectively. Given its higher DSB yield 212Pb may be more effective for short range targeting of early micrometastatic lesions than 177Lu. CONCLUSION MC simulation of a model of early brain metastases provides invaluable insight into the potential efficacy of α-, β- and AE-emitting radionuclides for TRT. 212Pb, which has the attributes of a theranostic radionuclide since it can be used for SPECT imaging, showed a favorable dose profile and RBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole L. Ackerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Mario A. Bernal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah GJA Peeters
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Elisa Grimoin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ciminera AK, Jandial R, Termini J. Metabolic advantages and vulnerabilities in brain metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:401-410. [PMID: 29063238 PMCID: PMC5712254 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations permit tumor cells to metastasize to and thrive in the brain. Brain metastases continue to present clinical challenges due to rising incidence and resistance to current treatments. Therefore, elucidating altered metabolic pathways in brain metastases may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of aggressive disease. Due to the high demand for glucose in the brain, increased glycolytic activity is favored for energy production. Primary tumors that undergo Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming become suited to growth in the brain microenvironment. Indeed, elevated metabolism is a predictor of metastasis in many cancer subtypes. Specifically, metabolic alterations are seen in primary tumors that are associated with the formation of brain metastases, namely breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. Because of this selective pressure, inhibitors of key metabolic factors may reduce tumor cell viability, thus exploiting metabolic pathways for cancer therapeutics. This review summarizes the metabolic advantages and vulnerabilities of brain metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Ciminera
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|