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Rojas JJ, Van Hoecke L, Conesa M, Bueno-Merino C, Del Canizo A, Riederer S, Barcia M, Brosinski K, Lehmann MH, Volz A, Saelens X, Sutter G. A new MVA ancestor-derived oncolytic vaccinia virus induces immunogenic tumor cell death and robust antitumor immune responses. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2406-2422. [PMID: 38734899 PMCID: PMC11286824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia viruses (VACVs) are versatile therapeutic agents and different features of various VACV strains allow for a broad range of therapeutic applications. Modified VACV Ankara (MVA) is a particularly altered VACV strain that is highly immunogenic, incapable of replicating in mammalian hosts, and broadly used as a safe vector for vaccination. Alternatively, Western Reserve (WR) or Copenhagen (Cop) are VACV strains that efficiently replicate in cancer cells and, therefore, are used to develop oncolytic viruses. However, the immune evasion capacity of WR or Cop hinders their ability to elicit antitumor immune responses, which is crucial for efficacy in the clinic. Here, we describe a new VACV strain named Immune-Oncolytic VACV Ankara (IOVA), which combines efficient replication in cancer cells with induction of immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD). IOVA was engineered from an MVA ancestor and shows superior cytotoxicity in tumor cells. In addition, the IOVA genome incorporates mutations that lead to massive fusogenesis of tumor cells, which contributes to improved antitumor effects. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, the induction of ICD results in robust antitumor immunity directed against tumor neo-epitopes and eradication of large established tumors. These data present IOVA as an improved immunotherapeutic oncolytic vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Rojas
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany.
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miquel Conesa
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen Bueno-Merino
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Del Canizo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stephanie Riederer
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Maria Barcia
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Katrin Brosinski
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Michael H Lehmann
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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2
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Mirbahari SN, Da Silva M, Zúñiga AIM, Kooshki Zamani N, St-Laurent G, Totonchi M, Azad T. Recent progress in combination therapy of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1272351. [PMID: 38558795 PMCID: PMC10979700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1272351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising agents for treating various cancers. An oncolytic virus is a non-pathogenic virus that, due to genetic manipulation, tends to replicate in and cause lysis of cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Among these viruses, vaccinia virus is an attractive platform for use as an oncolytic platform due to its 190 Kb genome with a high capacity for encoding therapeutic payloads. Combining oncolytic VV therapy with other conventional cancer treatments has been shown to be synergistic and more effective than monotherapies. Additionally, OVV can be used as a vector to deliver therapeutic payloads, alone or in combination with other treatments, to increase overall efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia viruses in cancer immunotherapy. We discuss the outcomes of these studies, including tumor regression rates, overall survival benefits, and long-term responses. Moreover, we provide insights into the challenges and limitations associated with oncolytic vaccinia virus- based therapies, including immune evasion mechanisms, potential toxicities, and the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nasim Mirbahari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Miles Da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abril Ixchel Muñoz Zúñiga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nika Kooshki Zamani
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel St-Laurent
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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3
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Menotti L, Vannini A. Oncolytic Viruses in the Era of Omics, Computational Technologies, and Modeling: Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17378. [PMID: 38139207 PMCID: PMC10743452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are the frontier therapy for refractory cancers, especially in integration with immunomodulation strategies. In cancer immunovirotherapy, the many available "omics" and systems biology technologies generate at a fast pace a challenging huge amount of data, where apparently clashing information mirrors the complexity of individual clinical situations and OV used. In this review, we present and discuss how currently big data analysis, on one hand and, on the other, simulation, modeling, and computational technologies, provide invaluable support to interpret and integrate "omic" information and drive novel synthetic biology and personalized OV engineering approaches for effective immunovirotherapy. Altogether, these tools, possibly aided in the future by artificial intelligence as well, will allow for the blending of the information into OV recombinants able to achieve tumor clearance in a patient-tailored way. Various endeavors to the envisioned "synthesis" of turning OVs into personalized theranostic agents are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Chaurasiya S, Valencia H, Zhang Z, Kim SI, Yang A, Lu J, Woo Y, Warner SG, Ede NJ, Fong Y. An oncolytic poxvirus encoding hNIS, shows anti-tumor efficacy and allows tumor imaging in a liver cancer model. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:MCT-22-0635. [PMID: 37196156 PMCID: PMC10320468 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are live viruses that can selectively replicate in cancer cells. We have engineered an OV (CF33) to make it cancer-selective through the deletion of its J2R (thymidine kinase) gene. Additionally, this virus has been armed with a reporter gene, human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), to facilitate non-invasive imaging of tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). In this study we evaluated the oncolytic properties of the virus (CF33-hNIS) in liver cancer model, and its usefulness in tumor imaging. The virus was found to efficiently kill liver cancer cells and the virus-mediated cell death exhibited characteristics of immunogenic death based on the analysis of 3 damage associate molecular patterns (DAMPs): calreticulin, ATP and HMGB1. Furthermore, local or systemic administration of a single dose of the virus showed anti-tumor efficacy against a liver cancer xenograft model in mice and significantly increased survival of treated mice. Lastly, PET scanning was performed following injection of the radioisotope I-124, for imaging of tumors, and a single dose of virus as low as 1E03 pfu, administered intratumorally (I.T.) or intravenously (I.V.), allowed for PET imaging of tumors. In conclusion, CF33-hNIS is safe and effective in controlling human tumor xenografts in nude mice, and it also facilitates non-invasive imaging of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Valencia
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sang-In Kim
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | | | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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5
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Design Strategies and Precautions for Using Vaccinia Virus in Tumor Virotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091552. [PMID: 36146629 PMCID: PMC9504998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a novel form of cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can directly infect and lyse the tumor cells, and modulate the beneficial immune microenvironment. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a promising oncolytic vector because of its high safety, easy gene editing, and tumor intrinsic selectivity. To further improve the safety, tumor-targeting ability, and OV-induced cancer-specific immune activation, various approaches have been used to modify OVs. The recombinant oncolytic VACVs with deleting viral virulence factors and/or arming various therapeutic genes have displayed better therapeutic effects in multiple tumor models. Moreover, the combination of OVs with other cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells, has the potential to improve the outcome in cancer patients. This will open up new possibilities for the application of OVs in cancer treatment, especially for personalized cancer therapies.
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Semenova AV, Sivolobova GF, Grazhdantseva AA, Agafonov AP, Kochneva GV. Reporter Transgenes for Monitoring the Antitumor Efficacy of Recombinant Oncolytic Viruses. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:46-56. [PMID: 36348722 PMCID: PMC9611865 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of tumor size and margins is crucial for successful oncotherapy. In the last decade, non-invasive imaging modalities, including optical imaging using non-radioactive substrates, deep-tissue imaging with radioactive substrates, and magnetic resonance imaging have been developed. Reporter genes play the most important role among visualization tools; their expression in tumors and metastases makes it possible to track changes in the tumor growth and gauge therapy effectiveness. Oncolytic viruses are often chosen as a vector for delivering reporter genes into tumor cells, since oncolytic viruses are tumor-specific, meaning that they infect and lyse tumor cells without damaging normal cells. The choice of reporter transgenes for genetic modification of oncolytic viruses depends on the study objectives and imaging methods used. Optical imaging techniques are suitable for in vitro studies and small animal models, while deep-tissue imaging techniques are used to evaluate virotherapy in large animals and humans. For optical imaging, transgenes of fluorescent proteins, luciferases, and tyrosinases are used; for deep-tissue imaging, the most promising transgene is the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which ensures an accumulation of radioactive isotopes in virus-infected tumor cells. Currently, NIS is the only reporter transgene that has been shown to be effective in monitoring tumor virotherapy not only in preclinical but also in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Semenova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - G. F. Sivolobova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - A. A. Grazhdantseva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - A. P. Agafonov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
| | - G. V. Kochneva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution «State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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7
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Orzetti S, Tommasi F, Bertola A, Bortolin G, Caccin E, Cecco S, Ferrarin E, Giacomin E, Baldo P. Genetic Therapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Safety, Pharmacovigilance, and Perspectives for Research and Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063012. [PMID: 35328435 PMCID: PMC8951339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The impressive advances in the knowledge of biomarkers and molecular targets has enabled significant progress in drug therapy for crucial diseases such as cancer. Specific areas of pharmacology have contributed to these therapeutic outcomes—mainly targeted therapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and gene therapy. This review focuses on the pharmacological profiles of these therapeutic classes and intends, on the one hand, to provide a systematic definition and, on the other, to highlight some aspects related to pharmacovigilance, namely the monitoring of safety and the identification of potential toxicities and adverse drug reactions. Although clinicians often consider pharmacovigilance a non-priority area, it highlights the risk/benefit ratio, an essential factor, especially for these advanced therapies, which represent the most innovative and promising horizon in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Orzetti
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Tommasi
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Antonella Bertola
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Bortolin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Caccin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Sara Cecco
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Emanuela Ferrarin
- Scientific and Patients Library of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Elisa Giacomin
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Paolo Baldo
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit of the “Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS”, Via F. Gallini, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.O.); (F.T.); (A.B.); (G.B.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659221
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8
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Riederer S, Fux R, Lehmann MH, Volz A, Sutter G, Rojas JJ. Activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 by replication-competent vaccinia viruses improves antitumor efficacy mediated by T cell responses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:399-409. [PMID: 34553028 PMCID: PMC8430050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, oncolytic vaccinia viruses (VACVs) have shown their potential to provide for clinically effective cancer treatments. The reason for this clinical usefulness is not only the direct destruction of infected cancer cells but also activation of immune responses directed against tumor antigens. For eliciting a robust antitumor immunity, a dominant T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation of the response is preferred, and such polarization can be achieved by activating the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathway. However, current VACVs used as oncolytic viruses to date still encode several immune evasion proteins involved in the inhibition of this signaling pathway. By inactivating genes of selected regulatory virus proteins, we aimed for a candidate virus with increased potency to activate cellular antitumor immunity but at the same time with a fully maintained replicative capacity in cancer cells. The removal of up to three key genes (C10L, N2L, and C6L) from VACV did not reduce the strength of viral replication, both in vitro and in vivo, but resulted in the rescue of IRF3 phosphorylation upon infection of cancer cells. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, this activation translated to enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses directed against tumor-associated antigens and neo-epitopes and improved antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Riederer
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Fux
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael H Lehmann
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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9
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Xie S, Fan W, Yang C, Lei W, Pan H, Tong X, Wu Y, Wang S. Beclin1‑armed oncolytic Vaccinia virus enhances the therapeutic efficacy of R‑CHOP against lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:987-996. [PMID: 33469679 PMCID: PMC7860022 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a form of lymphoid malignancy, with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most common NHL isoform. Approximately half of patients with DLBCL are successfully cured via first-line Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Vindesine, Prednisolone (R-CHOP) treatment. However, 30–40% of patients with DLBCL ultimately suffer from treatment-refractory or relapsed disease. These patients often suffer from high mortality rates owing to a lack of suitable therapeutic options, and all patients are at a high risk of serious treatment-associated dose-dependent toxicity. As such, it is essential to develop novel treatments for NHL that are less toxic and more efficacious. Oncolytic Vaccinia virus (OVV) has shown promise as a means of treating numerous types of cancer. Gene therapy strategies further enhance OVV-based therapy by improving tumor cell recognition and immune evasion. Beclin1 is an autophagy-associated gene that, when upregulated, induces excess autophagy and cell death. The present study aimed to develop an OVV-Beclin1 therapy capable of inducing autophagic tumor cell death. OVV-Beclin1 was able to efficiently kill NHL cells and to increase the sensitivity of these cells to R-CHOP, thereby decreasing the dose-dependent toxic side effects associated with this chemotherapeutic regimen. The combination of OVV-Beclin1 and R-CHOP also significantly improved tumor growth inhibition and survival in a BALB/c murine model system owing to the synergistic induction of autophagic cell death. Together, these findings suggest that OVV-Beclin1 infection can induce significant autophagic cell death in NHL, highlighting this as a novel means of inducing tumor cell death via a mechanism that is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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10
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Cao GD, He XB, Sun Q, Chen S, Wan K, Xu X, Feng X, Li PP, Chen B, Xiong MM. The Oncolytic Virus in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1786. [PMID: 33014876 PMCID: PMC7509414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been an enormous threat to human health and survival. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy could improve the survival of cancer patients, but most patients with advanced cancer usually have a poor survival or could not afford the high cost of chemotherapy. The emergence of oncolytic viruses provided a new strategy for us to alleviate or even cure malignant tumors. An oncolytic virus can be described as a genetically engineered or naturally existing virus that can selectively replicate in cancer cells and then kill them without damaging the healthy cells. There have been many kinds of oncolytic viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, and Coxsackievirus. Moreover, they have different clinical applications in cancer treatment. This review focused on the clinical application of oncolytic virus and predicted the prospect by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-dong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-bo He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng-ping Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mao-ming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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11
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Keshavarz M, Sabbaghi A, Miri SM, Rezaeyan A, Arjeini Y, Ghaemi A. Virotheranostics, a double-barreled viral gun pointed toward cancer; ready to shoot? Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:131. [PMID: 32336951 PMCID: PMC7178751 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. Accordingly, this kind of biological therapy can potentially be used as a promising approach in the field of cancer management. Given the failure of traditional monitoring strategies (such as immunohistochemical analysis (in providing sufficient safety and efficacy necessary for virotherapy and continual pharmacologic monitoring to track pharmacokinetics in real-time, the development of alternative strategies for ongoing monitoring of oncolytic treatment in a live animal model seems inevitable. Three-dimensional molecular imaging methods have recently been considered as an attractive approach to overcome the limitations of oncolytic therapy. These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical applications of hNIS-based molecular imaging to evaluate virotherapy efficacy. Moreover, we describe different types of reporter genes and their potency in the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- 1The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ailar Sabbaghi
- 2Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- 4Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Arjeini
- 5Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- 6Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Reporter gene imaging and its role in imaging-based drug development. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:582-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Williams EM, Rich MH, Mowday AM, Ashoorzadeh A, Copp JN, Guise CP, Anderson RF, Flanagan JU, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Ackerley DF. Engineering Escherichia coli NfsB To Activate a Hypoxia-Resistant Analogue of the PET Probe EF5 To Enable Non-Invasive Imaging during Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3700-3710. [PMID: 31403283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) uses tumor-tropic vectors to deliver prodrug-converting enzymes such as nitroreductases specifically to the tumor environment. The nitroreductase NfsB from Escherichia coli (NfsB_Ec) has been a particular focal point for GDEPT and over the past 25 years has been the subject of several engineering studies seeking to improve catalysis of prodrug substrates. To facilitate clinical development, there is also a need to enable effective non-invasive imaging capabilities. SN33623, a 5-nitroimidazole analogue of 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia probe EF5, has potential for PET imaging exogenously delivered nitroreductases without generating confounding background due to tumor hypoxia. However, we show here that SN33623 is a poor substrate for NfsB_Ec. To address this, we used assay-guided sequence and structure analysis to identify two conserved residues that block SN33623 activation in NfsB_Ec and close homologues. Introduction of the rational substitutions F70A and F108Y into NfsB_Ec conferred high levels of SN33623 activity and enabled specific labeling of E. coli expressing the engineered enzyme. Serendipitously, the F70A and F108Y substitutions also substantially improved activity with the anticancer prodrug CB1954 and the 5-nitroimidazole antibiotic prodrug metronidazole, which is a potential biosafety agent for targeted ablation of nitroreductase-expressing vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie M Williams
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Michelle H Rich
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Alexandra M Mowday
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Amir Ashoorzadeh
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Janine N Copp
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Christopher P Guise
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Robert F Anderson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
| | - David F Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1023 , New Zealand
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14
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Progress in gene therapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus as vectors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2433-2440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Wu ZJ, Tang FR, Ma ZW, Peng XC, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Kang J, Ji J, Liu XQ, Wang XW, Xin HW, Ren BX. Oncolytic Viruses for Tumor Precision Imaging and Radiotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:204-222. [PMID: 29179583 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2003 in China, Peng et al. invented the recombinant adenovirus expressing p53 (Gendicine) for clinical tumor virotherapy. This was the first clinically approved gene therapy and tumor virotherapy drug in the world. An oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Talimogene laherparepvec) was approved for melanoma treatment in the United States in 2015. Since then, oncolytic viruses have been attracting more and more attention in the field of oncology, and may become novel significant modalities of tumor precision imaging and radiotherapy after further improvement. Oncolytic viruses carrying reporter genes can replicate and express genes of interest selectively in tumor cells, thus improving in vivo noninvasive precision molecular imaging and radiotherapy. Here, the latest developments and molecular mechanisms of tumor imaging and radiotherapy using oncolytic viruses are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. Various types of tumors are discussed, and special attention is paid to gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi J Wu
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng R Tang
- 4 Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore , Create Tower, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Wu Ma
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- 5 Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,6 School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Kang
- 7 The Navy General Hospital Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- 8 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Q Liu
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo X Ren
- 2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
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16
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Binz E, Berchtold S, Beil J, Schell M, Geisler C, Smirnow I, Lauer UM. Chemovirotherapy of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma by Combining Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus GLV-1h68 with nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2017; 6:10-21. [PMID: 28607950 PMCID: PMC5458765 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have proven their therapeutic potential against a variety of different tumor entities both in vitro and in vivo. Their ability to selectively infect and lyse tumor cells, while sparing healthy tissues, makes them favorable agents for tumor-specific treatment approaches. Particularly, the addition of virotherapeutics to already established chemotherapy protocols (so-called chemovirotherapy) is of major interest. Here we investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 combined with dual chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in four human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (AsPc-1, BxPc-3, MIA-PaCa-2, and Panc-1). This chemovirotherapeutic protocol resulted in enhanced tumor cell killing in two tumor cell lines compared to the respective monotherapies. We were thereby able to show that the combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine has great potential in the chemovirotherapeutic treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the key to a successful combinatorial chemovirotherapeutic treatment seems to be a profound viral replication, as tumor cell lines that were non-responsive to the combination therapy exhibited a reduced viral replication in the presence of the chemotherapeutics. This finding is of special significance when aiming to achieve a virus-mediated induction of a profound and long-lasting antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Binz
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Berchtold
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Beil
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schell
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Geisler
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnow
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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17
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Chen YT, Zhu F, Lin WR, Ying RB, Yang YP, Zeng LH. The novel EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126, suppresses cell migration and angiogenesis via down-regulating VEGF-A. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:757-65. [PMID: 26898301 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects and mechanisms of GSK126, a novel inhibitor of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2, on cancer cell migration. METHODS Gastric cancer cell line MGC803 and human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were treated with GSK126 at three doses. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to detect cell migration. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay were performed to assess the effects of GSK126 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The mRNA level of VEGF-A was detected by quantitative PCR, and the protein levels of VEGF-A were detected both by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Epi-fluorescent intensity was obtained by in vivo imaging. RESULTS GSK126 inhibited cell migration in both MGC803 and A549 in a dose-dependent manner, as revealed by transwell and wound healing assays. The effects of GSK 126 were similar to those of gefitinib at the same doses. Moreover, GSK126 at doses of 20 and 50 µM inhibited angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. GSK126 reduced both the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-A in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, in vivo imaging assay revealed that GSK126 at 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited cancer cell migration. CONCLUSIONS GSK126 inhibits cell migration and angiogenesis in solid tumor cell lines through down-regulation of VEGF-A expression. Thus, it may be considered as a novel anticancer drug candidate for solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 50 Huzhou Rd, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 50 Huzhou Rd, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Ren Lin
- Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Biao Ying
- Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Ping Yang
- Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 50 Huzhou Rd, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Nitroreductase gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: insights and advances toward clinical utility. Biochem J 2015; 471:131-53. [PMID: 26431849 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the vast catalytic and therapeutic potential offered by type I (i.e. oxygen-insensitive) nitroreductase enzymes in partnership with nitroaromatic prodrugs, with particular focus on gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT; a form of cancer gene therapy). Important first indications of this potential were demonstrated over 20 years ago, for the enzyme-prodrug pairing of Escherichia coli NfsB and CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide]. However, it has become apparent that both the enzyme and the prodrug in this prototypical pairing have limitations that have impeded their clinical progression. Recently, substantial advances have been made in the biodiscovery and engineering of superior nitroreductase variants, in particular development of elegant high-throughput screening capabilities to enable optimization of desirable activities via directed evolution. These advances in enzymology have been paralleled by advances in medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of second- and third-generation nitroaromatic prodrugs that offer substantial advantages over CB1954 for nitroreductase GDEPT, including greater dose-potency and enhanced ability of the activated metabolite(s) to exhibit a local bystander effect. In addition to forging substantial progress towards future clinical trials, this research is supporting other fields, most notably the development and improvement of targeted cellular ablation capabilities in small animal models, such as zebrafish, to enable cell-specific physiology or regeneration studies.
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19
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Palma M, Hardy JG, Tadayyon G, Farsari M, Wind SJ, Biggs MJ. Advances in Functional Assemblies for Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2500-19. [PMID: 26767738 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to synthesise bioresponsive systems and selectively active biochemistries using polymer-based materials with supramolecular features has led to a surge in research interest directed towards their development as next generation biomaterials for drug delivery, medical device design and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry; Materials Science Institute; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ghazal Tadayyon
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); National University of Ireland Galway; Newcastle Road Dangan Ireland
| | - Maria Farsari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser; Crete Greece
| | | | - Manus J. Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); National University of Ireland Galway; Newcastle Road Dangan Ireland
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20
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Ruiz-Hernández E, Hess M, Melen GJ, Theek B, Talelli M, Shi Y, Ozbakir B, Teunissen EA, Ramírez M, Moeckel D, Kiessling F, Storm G, Scheeren HW, Hennink WE, Szalay AA, Stritzker J, Lammers T. PEG-pHPMAm-based polymeric micelles loaded with doxorubicin-prodrugs in combination antitumor therapy with oncolytic vaccinia viruses. Polym Chem 2014:1674-1681. [PMID: 24518685 DOI: 10.1039/c3py01097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An enzymatically activatable prodrug of doxorubicin was covalently coupled, using click-chemistry, to the hydrophobic core of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide-lactate] micelles. The release and cytotoxic activity of the prodrug was evaluated in vitro in A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cells after adding β-glucuronidase, an enzyme which is present intracellularly in lysosomes and extracellularly in necrotic areas of tumor lesions. The prodrug-containing micelles alone and in combination with standard and β-glucuronidase-producing oncolytic vaccinia viruses were also evaluated in vivo, in mice bearing A549 xenograft tumors. When combined with the oncolytic viruses, the micelles completely blocked tumor growth. Moreover, a significantly better antitumor efficacy as compared to virus treatment alone was observed when β-glucuronidase virus treated tumor-bearing mice received the prodrug-containing micelles. These findings show that combining tumor-targeted drug delivery systems with oncolytic vaccinia viruses holds potential for improving anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hess
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo J Melen
- Department of Hematooncology & Stem Cell Transplantation Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Center for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Talelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Burcin Ozbakir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A Teunissen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Hematooncology & Stem Cell Transplantation Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Moeckel
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Center for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Center for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, Targeted Therapeutics Section, University of Twente and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Scheeren
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Heyendaalse weg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jochen Stritzker
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Center for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, Targeted Therapeutics Section, University of Twente and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
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21
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Kochneva GV, Babkina IN, Lupan TA, Grazhdantseva AA, Yudin PV, Sivolobova GF, Shvalov AN, Popov EG, Babkin IV, Netesov SV, Chumakov PM. Apoptin enhances the oncolytic activity of vaccinia virus in vitro. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Petrov IS, Goncharova EP, Kolosova IV, Pozdnyakov SG, Shchelkunov SN, Zenkova MA, Vlasov VV. Antitumor effect of the LIVP-GFP recombinant vaccinia virus. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 451:248-52. [PMID: 23975469 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I S Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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23
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Lun X, Ruan Y, Jayanthan A, Liu DJ, Singh A, Trippett T, Bell J, Forsyth P, Johnston RN, Narendran A. Double-deleted vaccinia virus in virotherapy for refractory and metastatic pediatric solid tumors. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:944-54. [PMID: 23816608 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown successful antitumor effects of systemically delivered double-deleted vaccinia virus (vvDD) against a number of adult tumor models, including glioma, colon and ovarian cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the oncolytic potential of vvDD against a panel of cell lines representative of pediatric solid tumors that are currently difficult to cure. METHODS Cell lines derived from central nervous system atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) (BT12, BT16 and KCCF1), sarcoma (143B, HOS, RD and RH30), and neuroblastoma (SKNAS, SKNBE2, IMR-5 and IMR-32) were examined for vvDD mediated cytotoxicity defined by virus expansion followed by loss of tumor cell viability. The normal human fibroblast cell line HS68 was used as a control. Next, relevant orthotopic, subcutaneous and lung metastasis xenograft models were treated with intravenous doses of live vvDD or killed virus controls (DV). Tumor growth inhibition and viral replication were quantified and survival outcomes of these animals were assessed. RESULTS vvDD was able to infect and kill nine of eleven of the pediatric tumor cells (81.8%) in vitro. In xenograft models, intravenous administration of a single dose of vvDD significantly inhibited the growth of tumors and prolonged the survival of intracranial and metastatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS Oncolytic vvDD administered i.v. shows activity in preclinical models of pediatric malignancies that are resistant to many currently available treatments. Our data support further evaluation of vvDD virotherapy for refractory pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Lun
- Pediatric Oncology Experimental Therapeutics Investigators Consortium (POETIC) Laboratory for Pre-Clinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Canada and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Regulating cytokine function enhances safety and activity of genetic cancer therapies. Mol Ther 2012; 21:167-74. [PMID: 23281444 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic therapies, including transfected immune cells and viral vectors, continue to show clinical responses as systemically deliverable and targeted therapeutics, with the first such approaches having been approved for cancer treatment. The majority of these employ cytokine transgenes. However, expression of cytokines early after systemic delivery can result in increased toxicity and nonspecific induction of the immune response. In addition, premature immune-mediated clearance of the therapy may result, especially for viral-based approaches. Here, it was initially verified that cytokine (interleukin (IL)2) or chemokine (CCL5) expression from a systemically delivered oncolytic virus resulted in reduced oncolytic activity and suboptimal immune activation, while IL2 also resulted in increased toxicity. However, all these limitations could be overcome through incorporation of exogenous regulation of cytokine or chemokine transgene function through fusion of a small and externally controllable destabilizing domain to the protein of interest. Regulation allowed an initial phase without cytokine function, permitting enhanced delivery and oncolytic activity before activation of cytokine function and a subsequent phase of enhanced and tumor-targeted immunotherapeutic activity. As a result of this exogenous regulation of cytokine function, both oncolytic and immune-mediated mechanisms of action were optimized, greatly enhancing therapeutic activity, while toxicity was significantly reduced.
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Ray P, De A. Reporter gene imaging in therapy and diagnosis. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:333-4. [PMID: 22606212 PMCID: PMC3354328 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging using reporter genes is a relatively recent field in biomedical imaging that holds great promises for disease diagnosis and therapy. As modern medicine is moving towards personalized medicine, targeted biomolecule based therapies is gaining popularity that requires careful and systematic validation. Reporter genes have emerged as important generalizable tools to overcome the shortcomings of direct evaluation of individual biomolecules and are being applied in various fields such as cell therapy, stem cell therapy, immune therapy, viral gene delivery through optical, radionuclide, magnetic resonance imaging techniques. New approaches to image protein-protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, protein folding that are crucial parameters for theranostic study using reporter genes are being developed. All these new technologies and relevant preclinical and clinical researches will determine the success of early detection and personalized therapy in the future.
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