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Egbulefu C, Black K, Su X, Karmakar P, Habimana-Griffin L, Sudlow G, Prior J, Chukwu E, Zheleznyak A, Xu B, Xu Y, Esser A, Mixdorf M, Moss E, Manion B, Reed N, Gubin M, Lin CY, Schreiber R, Weilbaecher K, Achilefu S. Induction of complementary immunogenic necroptosis and apoptosis cell death pathways inhibits cancer metastasis and relapse. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3992212. [PMID: 38558990 PMCID: PMC10980095 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3992212/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Interactions of light-sensitive drugs and materials with Cerenkov radiation-emitting radiopharmaceuticals generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit localized and disseminated cancer progression, but the cell death mechanisms underlying this radionuclide stimulated dynamic therapy (RaST) remain elusive. Using ROS-regenerative nanophotosensitizers coated with a tumor-targeting transferrin-titanocene complex (TiO2-TC-Tf) and radiolabeled 2-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG), we found that adherent dying cells maintained metabolic activity with increased membrane permeabilization. Mechanistic assessment of these cells revealed that RaST activated the expression of RIPK-1 and RIPK-3, which mediate necroptosis cell death. Subsequent recruitment of the nuclear factors kappa B and the executioner mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudo kinase (MLKL) triggered plasma membrane permeabilization and pore formation, respectively, followed by the release of cytokines and immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In immune-deficient breast cancer models with adequate stroma and growth factors that recapitulate the human tumor microenvironment, RaST failed to inhibit tumor progression and the ensuing lung metastasis. A similar aggressive tumor model in immunocompetent mice responded to RaST, achieving a remarkable partial response (PR) and complete response (CR) with no evidence of lung metastasis, suggesting active immune system engagement. RaST recruited antitumor CD11b+, CD11c+, and CD8b+ effector immune cells after initiating dual immunogenic apoptosis and necroptosis cell death pathways in responding tumors in vivo. Over time, cancer cells upregulated the expression of negative immune regulating cytokine (TGF-β) and soluble immune checkpoints (sICP) to challenge RaST effect in the CR mice. Using a signal-amplifying cancer-imaging agent, LS301, we identified latent minimal residual disseminated tumors in the lymph nodes (LNs) of the CR group. Despite increased protumor immunogens in the CR mice, RaST prevented cancer relapse and metastasis through dynamic redistribution of ROS-regenerative TiO2 from bones at the early treatment stage to the spleen and LNs, maintaining active immunity against cancer progression and migration. This study reveals the immune-mechanistic underpinnings of RaST-mediated antitumor immune response and highlights immunogenic reprogramming of tumors in response to RaST. Overcoming apoptosis resistance through complementary necroptosis activation paves the way for strategic drug combinations to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Egbulefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9397, USA
| | - Kvar Black
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Gail Sudlow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ezeugo Chukwu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alex Zheleznyak
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yalin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alison Esser
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Mixdorf
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evan Moss
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brad Manion
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Reed
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Gubin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9397, USA
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Cui S, Ghai A, Deng Y, Li S, Zhang R, Egbulefu C, Liang G, Achilefu S, Ye J. Identification of hyperoxidized PRDX3 as a ferroptosis marker reveals ferroptotic damage in chronic liver diseases. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3931-3939.e5. [PMID: 37863053 PMCID: PMC10841858 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death pathway driven by accumulation of phospholipid peroxides, has been challenging to identify in physiological conditions owing to the lack of a specific marker. Here, we identify hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) as a marker for ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. During ferroptosis, mitochondrial lipid peroxides trigger PRDX3 hyperoxidation, a posttranslational modification that converts a Cys thiol to sulfinic or sulfonic acid. Once hyperoxidized, PRDX3 translocates from mitochondria to plasma membranes, where it inhibits cystine uptake, thereby causing ferroptosis. Applying hyperoxidized PRDX3 as a marker, we determined that ferroptosis is responsible for death of hepatocytes in mouse models of both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, the most prevalent chronic liver disorders. Our study highlights the importance of ferroptosis in pathophysiological conditions and opens the possibility to treat these liver diseases with drugs that inhibit ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Cui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Anchal Ghai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yaqin Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shili Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Egbulefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Wang H, Li T, Jiang Y, Chen S, Zou S, Bonewald LF, Duan P. Force-Loaded Cementocytes Regulate Osteoclastogenesis via S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 Axis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1376-1386. [PMID: 37735908 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231195765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is the major iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment, seriously endangering tooth longevity and impairing masticatory function. Osteoclasts are thought to be the primary effector cells that initiate the pathological process of OIIRR; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OIIRR remain unclear. Our previous studies revealed that cementocytes, the major mechanically responsive cells in cementum, respond to compressive stress to activate and influence osteoclasts locally. For this study, we hypothesized that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, a key mechanotransduction pathway in cementocytes, may regulate osteoclasts under the different magnitudes of either physiologic compressive stress that causes tooth movement or pathologic stress that causes OIIRR. Here, we show a biphasic effect of higher compression force stimulating the synthesis and secretion of S1P, whereas lower compression force reduced signaling in IDG-CM6 cementocytes. Using conditioned media from force-loaded cementocytes, we verified the cell-to-cell communication between cementocytes and osteoclasts and show that selective knockdown of S1PR1 and Rac1 plays a role in cementocyte-driven osteoclastogenesis via the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis. Most importantly, the use of inhibitors of this axis reduced or prevented the pathological process of OIIRR. The intercellular communication mechanisms between cementocytes and osteoclasts may serve as a promising therapeutic target for OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L F Bonewald
- Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - P Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rosenkrans ZT, Hsu JC, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Cai W. Amplification of Cerenkov luminescence using semiconducting polymers for cancer theranostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2302777. [PMID: 37942189 PMCID: PMC10629852 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy is limited by the ability of light to penetrate tissues. Due to this limitation, Cerenkov luminescence (CL) from radionuclides has recently been proposed as an alternative light source in a strategy referred to as Cerenkov radiation induced therapy (CRIT). Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have ideal optical properties, such as large absorption cross-sections and broad absorbance, which can be utilized to harness the relatively weak CL produced by radionuclides. SPNs can be doped with photosensitizers and have nearly 100% energy transfer efficiency by multiple energy transfer mechanisms. Herein, we investigated an optimized photosensitizer doped SPN as a nanosystem to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics. We found that semiconducting polymers significantly amplified CL energy transfer efficiency. Bimodal PET and optical imaging studies showed high tumor uptake and retention of the optimized SPNs when administered intravenously or intratumorally. Lastly, we found that photosensitizer doped SPNs have excellent potential as a cancer theranostics nanosystem in an in vivo tumor therapy study. Our study shows that SPNs are ideally suited to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics, which may provide a significant advancement for CRIT that are unabated by tissue penetration limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Rosenkrans
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 Highland Ave., K6/562, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 Highland Ave., K6/562, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Amato M, Zhurakivska K, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9981. [PMID: 37373135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to have an important role in cell apoptosis or necrosis, including in the development and evolution of several tumors and inflammatory diseases in humans. In this regard, periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can induce the destruction of supporting components of the teeth, could represent a chronic inflammatory stimulus linked to a various range of systemic inflammatory diseases. Recently, a possible correlation between periodontal disease and cfDNA has been shown, representing new important diagnostic-therapeutic perspectives. During the development of periodontitis, cfDNA is released in biological fluids such as blood, saliva, urine and other body fluids and represents an important index of inflammation. Due to the possibility of withdrawing some of these liquids in a non-invasive way, cfDNA could be used as a possible biomarker for periodontal disease. In addition, discovering a proportional relationship between cfDNA levels and the severity of periodontitis, expressed through the disease extent, could open the prospect of using cfDNA as a possible therapeutic target. The aim of this article is to report what researchers have discovered in recent years about circulating cfDNA in the development, evolution and therapy of periodontitis. The analyzed literature review shows that cfDNA has considerable potential as a diagnostic, therapeutic biomarker and therapeutic target in periodontal disease; however, further studies are needed for cfDNA to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Zhao C, Deng H, Chen X. Harnessing immune response using reactive oxygen Species-Generating/Eliminating inorganic biomaterials for disease treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114456. [PMID: 35843505 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing understanding of various biological functions mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system, a number of studies have been designed to develop ROS-generating/eliminating strategies to selectively modulate immunogenicity for disease treatment. These strategies potentially exploit ROS-modulating inorganic biomaterials to harness host immunity to maximize the therapeutic potency by eliciting a favorable immune response. Inorganic biomaterial-guided in vivo ROS scavenging can exhibit several effects to: i) reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, ii) induce the phenotypic transition of macrophages from inflammatory M1 to immunosuppressive M2 phase, iii) minimize the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells. and/or iv) suppress the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Inversely, ROS-generating inorganic biomaterials have been found to be capable of: i) inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), ii) reprograming tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotypes, iii) activating inflammasomes to stimulate tumor immunogenicity, and/or iv) recruiting phagocytes for antimicrobial therapy. This review provides a systematic and up-to-date overview on the progress related to ROS-nanotechnology mediated immunomodulation. We highlight how the ROS-generating/eliminating inorganic biomaterials can converge with immunomodulation and ultimately elicit an effective immune response against inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and/or cancers. We expect that contents presented in this review will be beneficial for the future advancements of ROS-based nanotechnology and its potential applications in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Mitochondrial DNA Efflux Maintained in Gingival Fibroblasts of Patients with Periodontitis through ROS/mPTP Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1000213. [PMID: 35720188 PMCID: PMC9201712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Aberrant mtDNA is associated with inflammatory diseases. mtDNA is believed to induce inflammation via the abnormal mtDNA release. Periodontitis is an infectious, oral inflammatory disease. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) have shown to generate higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress and have decreased mtDNA copy number. Firstly, cell-free mtDNA was identified in plasma from CP mice through qRT-PCR. Next, we investigated whether mtDNA efflux was maintained in primary cultures of HGFs from CP patients and the possible underlying mechanisms using adenovirus-mediated transduction live cell imaging and qRT-PCR analysis. Here, we reported that mtDNA was increased in plasma from the CP mice. Additionally, we confirmed that CP HGFs had significant mtDNA efflux from mitochondria compared with healthy HGFs. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis can also cause mtDNA release in healthy HGFs. Mechanistically, LPS upregulated ROS levels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)2 expression, resulting in mtDNA release. Importantly, mtDNA efflux was even persistent in HGFs after LPS was removed and cells were passaged to the next three generations, indicating that mtDNA abnormalities were retained in HGFs in vitro, similar to the primary hosts. Taken together, our results elucidate that mtDNA efflux was maintained in HGFs from periodontitis patients through abnormal ROS/mPTP activity. Therefore, our work indicates that persistent mtDNA efflux may be a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target for patients with periodontitis.
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