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Ungarean CN, Galer P, Zhang Y, Lee KS, Ngai JM, Lee S, Liu P, Sarlah D. Synthesis of (+)-ribostamycin by catalytic, enantioselective hydroamination of benzene. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:542-547. [PMID: 36213185 PMCID: PMC9536474 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AGs) represent a large group of pseudoglycoside natural products, in which several different sugar moieties are harnessed to an aminocyclitol core. AGs constitute a major class of antibiotics that target the prokaryotic ribosome of many problematic pathogens. Hundreds of AGs have been isolated to date, with 1,3-diaminocyclohexanetriol, known as 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), being the most abundant aglycon core. However, owning to their diverse and complex architecture, all AG-based drugs are either natural substances or analogues prepared by late-stage modifications. Synthetic approaches to AGs are rare and lengthy; most studies involve semi-synthetic reunion of modified fragments. Here we report a bottom-up chemical synthesis of the 2-DOS-based AG antibiotic ribostamycin, which proceeds in ten linear operations from benzene. A key enabling transformation involves a Cu-catalyzed, enantioselective, dearomative hydroamination, which set the stage for the rapid and selective introduction of the remaining 2-DOS heteroatom functionality. This work demonstrates how the combination of a tailored, dearomative logic and strategic use of subsequent olefin functionalizations can provide practical and concise access to the AG class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Ungarean
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Petra Galer
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ken S Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Justin M Ngai
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Sungjong Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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2
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Kim J, Hemachandran S, Cheng AG, Ricci AJ. Identifying targets to prevent aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103722. [PMID: 35341941 PMCID: PMC9177639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are potent antibiotics that are commonly prescribed worldwide. Their use carries significant risks of ototoxicity by directly causing inner ear hair cell degeneration. Despite their ototoxic side effects, there are currently no approved antidotes. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of aminoglycoside ototoxicity, mechanisms of drug transport, and promising sites for intervention to prevent ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sriram Hemachandran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anthony J Ricci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Identification of Streptomyces spp. isolated from air samples and its cytotoxicity of anti-MRSA bioactive compounds. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Takahashi Y, Igarashi M. Destination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in the 'post-antibiotic era'. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017117. [PMID: 29066797 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) were developed at the dawn of the antibiotics era and have significantly aided in the treatment of infectious diseases. Aminoglycosides have become one of the four major types of antibiotics in use today and, fortunately, still have an important role in the clinical treatment of severe bacterial infections. In this review, the current usage, modes of action and side effects of AGAs, along with the most common bacterial resistance mechanisms, are outlined. Finally, the recent development situation and possibility of new AGAs in the 'post-antibiotic era' are considered.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 25 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.117.
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Herzog IM, Louzoun Zada S, Fridman M. Effects of 5-O-Ribosylation of Aminoglycosides on Antimicrobial Activity and Selective Perturbation of Bacterial Translation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8008-18. [PMID: 27509271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied six pairs of aminoglycosides and their corresponding ribosylated derivatives synthesized by attaching a β-O-linked ribofuranose to the 5-OH of the deoxystreptamine ring of the parent pseudo-oligosaccharide antibiotic. Ribosylation of the 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside kanamycin B led to improved selectivity for inhibition of prokaryotic relative to cytosolic eukaryotic in vitro translation. For the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds neamine and nebramine, ribosylated derivatives were both more potent antimicrobials and more selective to inhibition of prokaryotic translation. On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that modification of the 5-OH position of the streptamine ring of other natural or semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside scaffolds containing an equatorial amine at the 2' sugar position with a β-O-linked ribofuranose is a promising avenue for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido M Herzog
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sivan Louzoun Zada
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Takeishi R, Kudo F, Numakura M, Eguchi T. Epimerization at C-3'' in butirosin biosynthesis by an NAD(+) -dependent dehydrogenase BtrE and an NADPH-dependent reductase BtrF. Chembiochem 2015; 16:487-95. [PMID: 25600434 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Butirosin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic consisting two epimers at C-3'' of ribostamycin/xylostasin with a unique 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate moiety at C-1 of the aminocyclitol 2-deoxystreptamine (2DOS). To date, most of the enzymes encoded in the biosynthetic gene cluster for butirosin, from the producing strain Bacillus circulans, have been characterized. A few unknown functional proteins, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor-dependent dehydrogenase/reductase (BtrE and BtrF), are supposed to be involved in the epimerization at C-3'' of butirosin B/ribostamycin but remain to be characterized. Herein, the conversion of ribostamycin to xylsostasin by BtrE and BtrF in the presence of NAD(+) and NADPH was demonstrated. BtrE oxidized the C-3'' of ribostamycin with NAD(+) to yield 3''-oxoribostamycin. BtrF then reduced the generated 3''-oxoribostamycin with NADPH to produce xylostasin. This reaction step was the last piece of butirosin biosynthesis to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Takeishi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan)
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Szychowski J, Truchon JF, Bennani YL. Natural products in medicine: transformational outcome of synthetic chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9292-308. [PMID: 25144261 DOI: 10.1021/jm500941m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review brings to the forefront key synthetic modifications on natural products (NPs) that have yielded successful drugs. The emphasis is placed on the power of targeted chemical transformations in enhancing the therapeutic value of NPs through optimization of pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. Multiple classes of NPs such as macrolides, opioids, steroids, and β-lactams used to treat a variety of conditions such as cancers, infections, inflammation are exemplified. Molecular modeling or X-ray structures of NP/protein complexes supporting the observed boost in therapeutic value of the modified NPs are also discussed. Significant advancement in synthetic chemistry, in structure determination, and in the understanding of factors controlling pharmacokinetics can now better position drug discovery teams to undertake NPs as valuable leads. We hope that the beneficial NPs synthetic modifications outlined here will reignite medicinal chemists' interest in NPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Szychowski
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. , 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4A7, Canada
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Biosynthesis of Ribostamycin Derivatives by Reconstitution and Heterologous Expression of Required Gene Sets. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:373-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ozen C, Malek JM, Serpersu EH. Dissection of Aminoglycoside−Enzyme Interactions: A Calorimetric and NMR Study of Neomycin B Binding to the Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferase(3‘)-IIIa. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15248-54. [PMID: 17117877 DOI: 10.1021/ja0643220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, we report pKa values of the amino functions in a target-bound aminoglycoside antibiotic, which permitted dissection of the thermodynamic properties of an enzyme-aminoglycoside complex. Uniformly enriched 15N-neomycin was isolated from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae and used to study its binding to the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase(3')-IIIa (APH) by 15N NMR spectroscopy. 15N NMR studies showed that binding of neomycin to APH causes upshifts of approximately 1 pKa unit for the amines N2' and N2' '' while N6' experienced a 0.3 pKa unit shift. The pKa of N6' '' remained unaltered, and resonances of N1 and N3 showed significant broadening upon binding to the enzyme. The binding-linked protonation and pH dependence of the association constant (Kb) for the enzyme-aminoglycoside complex was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. The enthalpy of binding became more favorable (negative) with increasing pH. At high pH, binding-linked protonation was attributable mostly to the amino functions of neomycin; however, at neutral pH, functional groups of the enzyme, possibly remote from the active site, also underwent protonation/deprotonation upon formation of the binary enzyme-neomycin complex. The Kb for the enzyme-neomycin complex showed a complicated dependence on pH, indicating that multiple interactions may affect the affinity of the ligand to the enzyme and altered conditions, such as pH, may favor one or another. This work highlights the importance of determining thermodynamic parameters of aminoglycoside-target interactions under different conditions before making attributions to specific sites and their effects on these global parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ozen
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Llewellyn NM, Spencer JB. Biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:864-74. [PMID: 17119636 DOI: 10.1039/b604709m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycosides are an important class of clinically valuable antibiotics. A deep understanding of the biosynthesis of these natural products is required to enable efforts to rationally manipulate and engineer the biological production of novel aminoglycosides. This review discusses the development of our biosynthetic knowledge over the past half-century, with emphasis on the relatively recent contributions of molecular biology to the elucidation of these biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Llewellyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB2 1EW.
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Hoshiko S, Nojiri C, Matsunaga K, Katsumata K, Satoh E, Nagaoka K. Nucleotide sequence of the ribostamycin phosphotransferase gene and of its control region in Streptomyces ribosidificus. Gene 1988; 68:285-96. [PMID: 2851496 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (rph) from Streptomyces ribosidificus (a ribostamycin producer) was determined. Molecular size, amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified rph product confirmed the position of the coding region deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The 5' region of rph has been tested for its transcriptional controls; high-resolution mung-bean nuclease mapping of in vivo transcripts revealed one major start point, rphS1, controlled by the rphP1 promoter. This transcript was also observed in vitro in run-off experiments using purified Streptomyces RNA polymerase. This transcriptional start point coincided with the translational start site, with the mRNA 5' terminus being pppATG. The results of promoter-probing tests and insertion of a transcriptional termination fragment into the rph promoter region have shown that the rphP1 transcript was sufficient and essential for rph expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoshiko
- Genetics and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Pearce CJ, Barnett JE, Anthony C, Akhtar M, Gero SD. The role of the pseudo-disaccharide neamine as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of neomycin. Biochem J 1976; 159:601-6. [PMID: 1008820 PMCID: PMC1164158 DOI: 10.1042/bj1590601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By using wild-type and deoxystreptamine-negative mutants of Streptomyces fradiae grown in media containing [6(-3)H]glucose or [U-14C]glucose, and by subsequent hydrolysis of the labelled neomycin produced, neamines labelled with 3H in both rings I and II, but with 14C in ring I only, were prepared. A mixture of these two forms of neamine was converted by deoxystreptamine-negative Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus into neomycin (not paromomycin) with a 30% yield. The3H: 14C ratio in this neomycin was the same as the measured in neamine produced by hydrolysis of the neomycin, and in unused neamine reisolated from the incubation medium. The 3H:14C ratio in the neomycin was not affected by the presence of unlabelled deoxystreptamine during the incubation. The radioactivity in the neomycin was associated with rings I and II only. It is concluded that the added neamine is incorporated into antibiotic intact, without initial hydrolysis, and that the probable first step in the subunit assembly of neomycin is the formation of neamine.
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Ikeda D, Tsuchiya T, Umezawa S, Umezawa H. Synthesis of Butirosin B and Its 3′,4′-Dideoxy Derivative. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1974. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.47.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Horii S, Nogami I, Mizokami N, Arai Y, Yoneda M. Inhibitory effect of some nucleosides on the growth of various human viruses in tissue culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1974; 5:578-81. [PMID: 15825408 PMCID: PMC429017 DOI: 10.1128/aac.5.6.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A new aminoglycoside antibiotic was isolated from the fermentation broths of two strains of
Bacillus
species. The antibiotic is active against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, and its antimicrobial spectrum is similar to that of ribostamycin. The chemical structure was determined to be 5-β-
d
-xylofuranosylneamine, which is identical to the deacylated product obtained from butirosin A.
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Béahdy J. Recent Developments of Antibiotic Research and Classification of Antibiotics According to Chemical Structure. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Price KE, Godfrey JC. Effect of structural modifications on the biological properties of aminoglycoside antibiotics containing 2-deoxystreptamine. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1974; 18:191-307. [PMID: 4613147 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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