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Li K, Guo Z, Bai L. Digitoxose as powerful glycosyls for building multifarious glycoconjugates of natural products and un-natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:701-712. [PMID: 38868608 PMCID: PMC11167396 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Digitoxose, a significant 2,6-dideoxyhexose found in nature, exists in many small-molecule natural products. These digitoxose-containing natural products can be divided into steroids, macrolides, macrolactams, anthracyclines, quinones, enediynes, acyclic polyene, indoles and oligosaccharides, that exhibit antibacterial, anti-viral, antiarrhythmic, and antitumor activities respectively. As most of digitoxose-containing natural products for clinical application or preclinical tests, this review also summarizes the biosynthesis of digitoxose, and application of compound diversification by introducing sugar plasmids. It may provide a practical approach to expanding the diversity of digitoxose-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhengyan Guo
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liping Bai
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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2
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Dashti Y, Errington J. Chemistry and biology of specialized metabolites produced by Actinomadura. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:370-401. [PMID: 38099919 PMCID: PMC10951976 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2022In recent years rare Actinobacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich source of novel bioactive metabolites. Actinomadura are Gram-positive bacteria that occupy a wide range of ecological niches. This review highlights about 230 secondary metabolites produced by Actinomadura spp., reported until the end of 2022, including their bioactivities and selected biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the bioactive compounds produced by Actinomadura spp. demonstrate a wide range of activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor and anticoccidial effects, highlighting their potential in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Dashti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia.
| | - Jeff Errington
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia.
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3
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Saygin H, Guven K, Cetin D, Sahin N. Polyphasic characterization and genomic insights into Nocardioides turkmenicus sp. nov. isolated from a desert soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:25. [PMID: 38261138 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Strain KC13T, a novel desert-adapted, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan and characterised by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain KC13T was a member of the genus Nocardioides, and formed a distinct cluster with Nocardioides luteus DSM 43366T (99.3% sequence identity), Nocardioides albus DSM 43109T (98.9%), Nocardioides panzhihuensis DSM 26487T (98.3%) and Nocardioides albertanoniae DSM 25218T (97.9%). The orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were in the range of 85.8-91.0% and 30.2-35.9%, respectively, with the type strains of closely related species. The genome size of strain KC13T was 5.3 Mb with a DNA G + C content of 69.7%. Comprehensive genome analyses showed that strain KC13T, unlike its close relatives, had many genes associated with environmental adaptation. Strain KC13T was found to have chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics of members of the genus Nocardioides and some differences from phylogenetic neighbours. Based on the chemotaxonomic, genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain KC13T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides turkmenicus sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is KC13T (= JCM 33525T = CGMCC 4.7619T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Saygin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Kiymet Guven
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Demet Cetin
- Division of Science Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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4
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Shi J, Peng D, Peng FF, Zhang QB, Duan YW, Huang Y. The Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Spirotetronate Lobophorins A, B, and H8 from Streptomyces sp. CB09030 and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083597. [PMID: 37110828 PMCID: PMC10143065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lobophorins (LOBs) are a growing family of spirotetronate natural products with significant cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Herein, we report the transwell-based discovery of Streptomyces sp. CB09030 from a panel of 16 in-house Streptomyces strains, which has significant anti-mycobacterial activity and produces LOB A (1), LOB B (2), and LOB H8 (3). Genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed the potential biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for 1-3, which is highly homologous with the reported BGCs for LOBs. However, the glycosyltransferase LobG1 in S. sp. CB09030 has certain point mutations compared to the reported LobG1. Finally, LOB analogue 4 (O-β-D-kijanosyl-(1→17)-kijanolide) was obtained through an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2. Compounds 1-4 showed different antibacterial activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis, which revealed the varying roles of different sugars in their antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dian Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Fei-Fei Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Qing-Bo Zhang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yan-Wen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230093, China
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5
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Wychimicins, a new class of spirotetronate polyketides from Actinocrispum wychmicini MI503-A4. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:535-541. [PMID: 36071214 PMCID: PMC9449258 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our screening program for new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotics, four novel antibiotics, termed wychimicins A–D, were isolated from the culture broth of the rare actinomycete Actinocrispum wychmicini strain MI503-AF4. Wychimicins are spirotetronates possessing a macrocyclic 13-membered ring containing trans-decalin and β-d-xylo-hexopyranose moieties connected to C-17 by an O-glycosidic linkage according to MS, NMR and X-ray analyses. In X-ray crystal structure analysis, the Flack constant was 0.10 (11). The stereochemistry of the spirocarbon C-25 was R. Wychimicins had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125–2 µg ml−1 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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6
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Mizia JC, Syed MU, Bennett CS. Synthesis of the α-Linked Digitoxose Trisaccharide Fragment of Kijanimicin: An Unexpected Application of Glycosyl Sulfonates. Org Lett 2022; 24:731-735. [PMID: 35005969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that glycosyl tosylates are effective for the synthesis of β-glycosides of gluco-configured 2-deoxy sugars. Here, we show the same sulfonate system can be used for the selective synthesis of α-glycosides containing the allo-configured 2-deoxy sugar digitoxose. As with previous work, optimal selectivity is obtained through matching the donor with the appropriate arylsulfonyl chloride promoter. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the synthesis of the α-linked digitoxose trisaccharide fragment of kijanimicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colin Mizia
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mohammed U Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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7
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Kim HW, Wang M, Leber CA, Nothias LF, Reher R, Kang KB, van der Hooft JJJ, Dorrestein PC, Gerwick WH, Cottrell GW. NPClassifier: A Deep Neural Network-Based Structural Classification Tool for Natural Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2795-2807. [PMID: 34662515 PMCID: PMC8631337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Computational approaches such as genome and metabolome mining are becoming essential to natural products (NPs) research. Consequently, a need exists for an automated structure-type classification system to handle the massive amounts of data appearing for NP structures. An ideal semantic ontology for the classification of NPs should go beyond the simple presence/absence of chemical substructures, but also include the taxonomy of the producing organism, the nature of the biosynthetic pathway, and/or their biological properties. Thus, a holistic and automatic NP classification framework could have considerable value to comprehensively navigate the relatedness of NPs, and especially so when analyzing large numbers of NPs. Here, we introduce NPClassifier, a deep-learning tool for the automated structural classification of NPs from their counted Morgan fingerprints. NPClassifier is expected to accelerate and enhance NP discovery by linking NP structures to their underlying properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Ometa
Laboratories LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher A. Leber
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Raphael Reher
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute
of Pharmacy Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsplatz 10, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | | | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Garrison W. Cottrell
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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8
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Thiem J, Sajus H. Improved synthesis of the Kijanimicin oligodeoxytetrasaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:19-27. [PMID: 30412829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
By sequential synthesis the four 2,6-dideoxy saccharide moieties of the kijanimicin tetrasaccharide could be stereoselectively assembled. For formation of all required 2-deoxy α-glycoside linkages various S-(hexopyranosyl)-phosphorodithioates as donor structures could be convincingly employed. The terminal 2-deoxy β-glycoside linkage was stereoselectively formed following the dibromomethyl methyl ether approach. The target octadeoxy-tetrasaccha-ride could be obtained via nine subsequent steps in 5% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Thiem
- University of Hamburg, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Henry Sajus
- University of Hamburg, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Bhattacharjee K, Kumar S, Palepu NR, Patra PK, Rao KM, Joshi SR. Structure elucidation and in silico docking studies of a novel furopyrimidine antibiotics synthesized by endolithic bacterium Actinomadura sp. AL2. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:178. [PMID: 28932951 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
On screening of endolithic actinobacteria from a granite rock sample of Meghalaya for antibacterial compound, a novel antibacterial compound CCp1 was isolated from the fermentation broth of Actinomadura sp. AL2. On purification of the compound based on chromatographic techniques followed by characterization with FT-IR, UV-visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry, the molecular formula of the compound was generated as C20H17N3O2, a furopyrimidine derivative. In vitro antibacterial activity of the compound was evaluated against both Gram positive and negative bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. The compound had lowest MIC (2.00 µg/ml) for Bacillus subtilis and highest MIC (> 64 µg/ml) for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study revealed that the compound has potential antibacterial activity. The mode of action of the antibacterial compound was evaluated through in silico studies for its ability to bind DNA gyrase, 30S RNA molecules, OmpF porins and N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmU). The antibacterial compound demonstrated more favorable docking with DNA gyrase, 30S RNA molecules and OmpF porins than GlmU which support the antibacterial compound CCp1 can be as a promising broad spectrum antibiotic agent with "multitarget" characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Bhattacharjee
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Bioinformatics Center (ICMR), Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Narasinga Rao Palepu
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Kollipara Mohan Rao
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Santa Ram Joshi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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10
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Waldman AJ, Ng TL, Wang P, Balskus EP. Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Formation in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5784-5863. [PMID: 28375000 PMCID: PMC5534343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain functional groups with heteroatom-heteroatom linkages (X-X, where X = N, O, S, and P) are a small yet intriguing group of metabolites. The reactivity and diversity of these structural motifs has captured the interest of synthetic and biological chemists alike. Functional groups containing X-X bonds are found in all major classes of natural products and often impart significant biological activity. This review presents our current understanding of the biosynthetic logic and enzymatic chemistry involved in the construction of X-X bond containing functional groups within natural products. Elucidating and characterizing biosynthetic pathways that generate X-X bonds could both provide tools for biocatalysis and synthetic biology, as well as guide efforts to uncover new natural products containing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Tai L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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11
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Tetrodecamycin: An unusual and interesting tetronate antibiotic. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6269-6275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Abstract
[4 + 2]-Cycloadditions are increasingly being recognized in the biosynthetic pathways of many structurally complex natural products. A relatively small collection of enzymes from these pathways have been demonstrated to increase rates of cyclization and impose stereochemical constraints on the reactions. While mechanistic investigation of these enzymes is just beginning, recent studies have provided new insights with implications for understanding their biosynthetic roles, mechanisms of catalysis, and evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shao-An Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mark W Ruszczycky
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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13
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Kim SY, Lee SY, Weon HY, Sang MK, Song J. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis M75, a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogens, isolated from cotton waste. J Biotechnol 2016; 241:112-115. [PMID: 27899334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus species have been widely used as biological control agents in agricultural fields due to their ability to suppress plant pathogens. Bacillus velezensis M75 was isolated from cotton waste used for mushroom cultivation in Korea, and was found to be antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the M75 strain, which has a 4,007,450-bp single circular chromosome with 3921 genes and a G+C content of 46.60%. The genome contained operons encoding various non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases, which are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Our results will provide a better understanding of the genome of B. velezensis strains for their application as biocontrol agents against fungal plant pathogens in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Yeon Weon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyeong Song
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 55365, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Dow GT, Thoden JB, Holden HM. Structural studies on KijD1, a sugar C-3'-methyltransferase. Protein Sci 2016; 25:2282-2289. [PMID: 27595766 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kijanimicin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from Actinomadura kijaniata. It is composed of three distinct moieties: a pentacyclic core, a monosaccharide referred to as d-kijanose, and a tetrasaccharide chain composed of l-digitoxose units. d-Kijanose is a highly unusual nitro-containing tetradeoxysugar, which requires at least ten enzymes for its production. Here we describe a structural analysis of one of these enzymes, namely KijD1, which functions as a C-3'-methyltransferase using S-adenosylmethionine as its cofactor. For this investigation, two ternary complexes of KijD1, determined in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and dTDP or SAH and dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-keto-3-methyl-d-glucose, were solved to 1.7 or 1.6 Å resolution, respectively. Unexpectedly, these structures, as well as additional biochemical analyses, demonstrated that the quaternary structure of KijD1 is a dimer. Indeed, this is in sharp contrast to that previously observed for the sugar C-3'-methyltransferase isolated from Micromonospora chalcea. By the judicious use of site-directed mutagenesis, it was possible to convert the dimeric form of KijD1 into a monomeric version. The quaternary structure of KijD1 could not have been deduced based solely on bioinformatics approaches, and thus this investigation highlights the continuing need for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett T Dow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - James B Thoden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Hazel M Holden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
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15
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Zaghouani M, Nay B. 3-Acylated tetramic and tetronic acids as natural metal binders: myth or reality? Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:540-8. [PMID: 26879987 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 20153-Acylated tetramic and tetronic acids are characterized by a low pKa and are likely to be deprotonated under physiological conditions. In addition, their structure makes them excellent chelators of metallic cations. We will discuss the significance of these chemical properties with regard to the biological properties and mechanisms of action of these compounds, highlighting the importance of considering them as salts or chelates for biological purposes, rather than acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zaghouani
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France.
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16
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Li Y, Li J, Tian Z, Xu Y, Zhang J, Liu W, Tan H. Coordinative Modulation of Chlorothricin Biosynthesis by Binding of the Glycosylated Intermediates and End Product to a Responsive Regulator ChlF1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5406-17. [PMID: 26750095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorothricin, isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus, is a parent member of spirotetronate family of antibiotics that have long been appreciated for their remarkable biological activities. ChlF1 plays bifunctional roles in chlorothricin biosynthesis by binding to its target genes (chlJ, chlF1, chlG, and chlK). The dissociation constants of ChlF1 to these genes are ∼ 102-140 nm. A consensus sequence, 5'-GTAANNATTTAC-3', was found in these binding sites. ChlF1 represses the transcription of chlF1, chlG, and chlK but activates chlJ, which encodes a key enzyme acyl-CoA carboxyl transferase involved in the chlorothricin biosynthesis. We demonstrate that the end product chlorothricin and likewise its biosynthetic intermediates (demethylsalicycloyl chlorothricin and deschloro-chlorothricin) can act as signaling molecules to modulate the binding of ChlF1 to its target genes. Intriguingly, a correlation between the antibacterial activity and binding ability of signaling molecules to the regulator ChlF1 is clearly observed. These features of the signaling molecules are associated with the glycosylation of spirotetronate macrolide aglycone. The findings provide new insights into the TetR family regulators responding to special structure of signaling molecules, and we reveal the regulatory mini-network mediated by ChlF1 in chlorothricin biosynthesis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Jingjing Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Xu
- the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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17
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Elshahawi SI, Shaaban KA, Kharel MK, Thorson JS. A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7591-697. [PMID: 25735878 PMCID: PMC4560691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madan K Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Daduang R, Kitani S, Hashimoto J, Thamchaipenet A, Igarashi Y, Shin-ya K, Ikeda H, Nihira T. Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for maklamicin, a spirotetronate-class antibiotic of the endophytic Micromonospora sp. NBRC 110955. Microbiol Res 2015; 180:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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20
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Pietra F. Binding pockets and pathways for dioxygen through the KijD3 N-oxygenase in complex with flavin mononucleotide cofactor and a 3-aminoglucose substrate: predictions from molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1151-62. [PMID: 25146761 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two protein systems, Kij3D-FMN-AKM-O2 and Kij3D-FMN-O2 , made of KijD3 N-oxygenase, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor, dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-keto-3-methyl-D-glucose (AKM) substrate, and dioxygen (O2), have been assembled by adding a molecule of O2, and removing (or not) AKM, to crystal data for the Kij3D-FMN-AKM complex. Egress of AKM and O2 from these systems was then investigated by applying a tiny external random force, in turn, to their center of mass in the course of molecular dynamics in explicit H2 O. It turned out that the wide AKM channel, even when emptied, does not constitute the main route for O2 egress. Other routes appear to be also viable, while various binding pockets (BPs) outside the active center are prone to trap O2. By reversing the reasoning, these can also be considered as routes for uptake of O2 by the protein, before or after AKM uptake, while BPs may serve as reservoirs of O2. This shows that the small molecule O2 is capable of permeating the protein by exploiting all nearby interstices that are created on thermal fluctuations of the protein, rather than having necessarily to look for farther, permanent channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pietra
- Accademia Lucchese di Scienze, Lettere e Arti, Classe di Scienze, Palazzo Ducale, Lucca I-55100, (phone/fax: +39-0583-417336).
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21
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Li G, Kusari S, Spiteller M. Natural products containing 'decalin' motif in microorganisms. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 31:1175-201. [PMID: 24984916 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are well-known producers of a wide variety of bioactive compounds that are utilized not only for their primary metabolism but also for other purposes such as defense, detoxification, or communication with other micro- and macro-organisms. Natural products containing a 'decalin ring' occur often in microorganisms. They exhibit diverse and remarkable biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities, to name a few. This review surveys the natural decalin-type compounds that have been isolated from microorganisms, with emphasis on both chemical and biological implications. Total syntheses of some important decalin moiety-containing natural products are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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22
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Lacoske M, Theodorakis EA. Spirotetronate polyketides as leads in drug discovery. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:562-75. [PMID: 25434976 PMCID: PMC4380204 DOI: 10.1021/np500757w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of chlorothricin (1) defined a new family of microbial metabolites with potent antitumor antibiotic properties collectively referred to as spirotetronate polyketides. These microbial metabolites are structurally distinguished by the presence of a spirotetronate motif embedded within a macrocyclic core. Glycosylation at the periphery of this core contributes to the structural complexity and bioactivity of this motif. The spirotetronate family displays impressive chemical structures, potent bioactivities, and significant pharmacological potential. This review groups the family members based on structural and biosynthetic considerations and summarizes synthetic and biological studies that aim to elucidate their mode of action and explore their pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle
H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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23
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Hashimoto T, Hashimoto J, Teruya K, Hirano T, Shin-ya K, Ikeda H, Liu HW, Nishiyama M, Kuzuyama T. Biosynthesis of versipelostatin: identification of an enzyme-catalyzed [4+2]-cycloaddition required for macrocyclization of spirotetronate-containing polyketides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:572-5. [PMID: 25551461 PMCID: PMC4308742 DOI: 10.1021/ja510711x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Versipelostatin
(VST) is an unusual 17-membered macrocyclic polyketide
product that contains a spirotetronate skeleton. In this study, the
entire VST biosynthetic gene cluster (vst) spanning
108 kb from Streptomyces versipellis 4083-SVS6 was
identified by heterologous expression using a bacterial artificial
chromosome vector. Here, we demonstrate that an enzyme, VstJ, catalyzes
the stereoselective [4+2]-cycloaddition between the conjugated diene
and the exocyclic olefin of a newly identified tetronate-containing
intermediate to form the spirotetronate skeleton during VST biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashimoto
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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24
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Euanorasetr J, Intra B, Mongkol P, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Tuchinda P, Mori M, Shiomi K, Nihira T, Panbangred W. Spirotetronate antibiotics with anti-Clostridium activity from Actinomadura sp. 2EPS. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:391-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Vieweg L, Reichau S, Schobert R, Leadlay PF, Süssmuth RD. Recent advances in the field of bioactive tetronates. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1554-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wu LF, He HY, Pan HX, Han L, Wang R, Tang GL. Characterization of QmnD3/QmnD4 for Double Bond Formation in Quartromicin Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:1578-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500111n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Yan He
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Xue Pan
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key
Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Structure and activity of lobophorins from a turrid mollusk-associated Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 67:121-6. [PMID: 24220110 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel lumun-lumun sampling methodology was used to obtain a large diversity of micromollusks, including the new species Lienardia totopotens. In turn, from L. totopotens we cultivated a Streptomyces sp. strain that contained new and known spirotetronate polyketides, lobophorins (1-5). The structures were elucidated using spectroscopy, and the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity to human cells and activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Compounds 2-5 showed varying degrees of activity against human cells, M. tuberculosis and B. subtilis in the low μM to mid nM range but were inactive against the other strains, while 1 lacking digitoxose was inactive. Very slight structural changes in 2-5 led to varying antibacterial:cytotoxicity ratios, providing a possible basis to synthesize more selective derivatives.
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28
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New spirotetronate antibiotics, lobophorins H and I, from a South China Sea-derived Streptomyces sp. 12A35. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3891-901. [PMID: 24132178 PMCID: PMC3826141 DOI: 10.3390/md11103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain 12A35 was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and showed promising antibacterial activities. It was identified as Streptomyces sp. by the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Bioassay-guided fractionation using HP20 adsorption, flash chromatography over silica gel and octadecylsilyl (ODS) and semi-preparative HPLC, led to the isolation and purification of five metabolites from the fermentation culture of 12A35. Two new spirotetronate antibiotics, lobophorins H (1) and I (2), along with three known analogues, O-β-kijanosyl-(1→17)-kijanolide (3), lobophorins B (4) and F (5) were characterized by 1D, 2D-NMR and MS data. These compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities against Bacillus subtilis. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus. In particular, the new compound lobophorin H (1) showed similar antibacterial activities against B. subtilis CMCC63501 to ampicillin.
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29
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New Spirotetronate Antibiotics, Lobophorins H and I, from a South China Sea-Derived Streptomyces sp. 12A35. Mar Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/md11103891 pmid: 24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Cuthbertson L, Ahn SK, Nodwell JR. Deglycosylation as a mechanism of inducible antibiotic resistance revealed using a global relational tree for one-component regulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:232-40. [PMID: 23438752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ligands that interact with the vast majority of small-molecule binding transcription factors are unknown, a significant gap in our understanding of sensory perception by cells. TetR-family regulators (TFRs) are found in most prokaryotes and are involved in regulating virtually every aspect of prokaryotic life however only a few TFRs have been characterized. We report the application of phylogenomics to the identification of cognate ligands for TFRs. Using phylogenomics we identify a TFR, KijR, that responds to the antibiotic kijanimicin. We go on to show that KijR represses a gene, kijX, which confers resistance to kijanimicin. Finally we show that KijX inactivates kijanimicin by the hydrolytic removal of sugar residues. This is a demonstration of antibiotic resistance by deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cuthbertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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31
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Biosynthesis of tetronate antibiotics: A growing family of natural products with broad biological activities. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Chen C, Wang J, Guo H, Hou W, Yang N, Ren B, Liu M, Dai H, Liu X, Song F, Zhang L. Three antimycobacterial metabolites identified from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. MS100061. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3885-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Wu Q, Wu Z, Qu X, Liu W. Insights into Pyrroindomycin Biosynthesis Reveal a Uniform Paradigm for Tetramate/Tetronate Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17342-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Zhuhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
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34
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He HY, Pan HX, Wu LF, Zhang BB, Chai HB, Liu W, Tang GL. Quartromicin Biosynthesis: Two Alternative Polyketide Chains Produced by One Polyketide Synthase Assembly Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:1313-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Bruender NA, Thoden JB, Holden HM. X-ray structure of kijd3, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of D-kijanose. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3517-24. [PMID: 20334431 DOI: 10.1021/bi100318v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
D-kijanose is an unusual nitrosugar found attached to the antibiotic kijanimicin. Ten enzymes are required for its production in Actinomadura kijaniata, a soil-dwelling actinomycete. The focus of this investigation is on the protein encoded by the kijd3 gene and hereafter referred to as KijD3. On the basis of amino acid sequence analyses, KijD3 has been proposed to be an FAD-dependent oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the sixth step in d-kijanose biosynthesis by converting dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-keto-3-methyl-d-glucose into its C-3' nitro derivative. This putative activity, however, has never been demonstrated in vivo or in vitro. Here we report the first structural study of this enzyme. For our investigation, crystals of KijD3 were grown in the presence of dTDP, and the structure was solved to 2.05-A resolution. The enzyme is a tetramer with each subunit folding into three distinct regions: a five alpha-helical bundle, an eight-stranded beta-sheet, and a second five alpha-helical bundle. The dTDP moiety is anchored to the protein via the side chains of Glu 113, Gln 254, and Arg 330. The overall fold of KijD3 places it into the well-characterized fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase superfamily. There is a decided cleft in each subunit with the appropriate dimensions to accommodate a dTDP-linked sugar. Strikingly, the loop defined by Phe 383 to Ala 388, which projects into the active site, contains two adjacent cis-peptide bonds, Pro 386 and Tyr 387. Activity assays demonstrate that KijD3 requires FAD for activity and that it produces a hydroxylamino product. The molecular architecture of KijD3 described in this report serves as a paradigm for a new family of enzymes that function on dTDP-linked sugar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Bruender
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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36
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Hu Y, Al-Mestarihi A, Grimes CL, Kahne D, Bachmann BO. A unifying nitrososynthase involved in nitrosugar biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:15756-7. [PMID: 18983146 DOI: 10.1021/ja8051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the cloning, functional expression and initial characterization of ORF36 from Micromonospora carbonacae var. africana and rubN8 from Streptomyces achromogenes var. rubradiris. The purified enzymes play the same role, the double-oxidation of TDP-evernosamine to TDP-evernitrosose in the everninomycin and rubradirin pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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37
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Kelly WL. Intramolecular cyclizations of polyketide biosynthesis: mining for a "Diels-Alderase"? Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4483-93. [PMID: 19039353 DOI: 10.1039/b814552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large number of naturally occurring metabolites existing for which enzymatic Diels-Alder reactions have been proposed as a key biosynthetic step, the actual number of enzymes thus far identified for these transformations is incredibly low. Even for those few enzymes identified, there is currently little biochemical or mechanistic evidence to support the label of a "Diels-Alderase." For several families of polyketide metabolites, the transformation in question introduces a rigid, cross-linked scaffold, leaving the remaining peripheral modifications and polyketide processing to provide the variation among the related metabolites. A detailed understanding of these modifications--how they are introduced and the tolerance of enzymes involved for alternate substrates--will strengthen biosynthetic engineering efforts toward related designer metabolites. This review addresses intramolecular cyclizations that appear to be consistent with enzymatic Diels-Alder transformations for which either the responsible enzyme has been identified or the respective biosynthetic gene cluster for the metabolite in question has been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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38
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Zhang H, White-Phillip JA, Melançon CE, Kwon HJ, Yu WL, Liu HW. Elucidation of the kijanimicin gene cluster: insights into the biosynthesis of spirotetronate antibiotics and nitrosugars. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:14670-83. [PMID: 17985890 DOI: 10.1021/ja0744854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic kijanimicin produced by the actinomycete Actinomadura kijaniata has a broad spectrum of bioactivities as well as a number of interesting biosynthetic features. To understand the molecular basis for its formation and to develop a combinatorial biosynthetic system for this class of compounds, a 107.6 kb segment of the A. kijaniata chromosome containing the kijanimicin biosynthetic locus was identified, cloned, and sequenced. The complete pathway for the formation of TDP-l-digitoxose, one of the two sugar donors used in construction of kijanimicin, was elucidated through biochemical analysis of four enzymes encoded in the gene cluster. Sequence analysis indicates that the aglycone kijanolide is formed by the combined action of a modular Type-I polyketide synthase, a conserved set of enzymes involved in formation, attachment, and intramolecular cyclization of a glycerate-derived three-carbon unit, which forms the core of the spirotetronate moiety. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of the unusual deoxysugar d-kijanose [2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(methylcarbamyl)-3-C-methyl-3-nitro-d-xylo-hexopyranose], including one encoding a flavoenzyme predicted to catalyze the formation of the nitro group, have also been identified. This work has implications for the biosynthesis of other spirotetronate antibiotics and nitrosugar-bearing natural products, as well as for future mechanistic and biosynthetic engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Lamichhane J, Liou K, Lee HC, Kim CG, Sohng JK. Functional characterization of ketoreductase (rubN6) and aminotransferase (rubN4) genes in the gene cluster of Streptomyces achromogenes var. rubradiris. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:545-53. [PMID: 16614891 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ORF's for rubN6 and rubN4 have been annotated as thymidine diphosphate glucose 4-ketoreductase and thymidine diphosphate glucose 3-aminotransferase by sequence analysis of the rubradirin biosynthetic gene cluster cloned from Streptomyces achromogenes var. rubradiris NRRL 3061. Both ORFs were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as His-tagged fusion proteins. The functionalities of TDP-glucose 4-ketoreductase and TDP-glucose 3-aminotransferase were verified by in vitro enzyme assay, and a biosynthetic pathway for TDP-D: -rubranitrose is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan Lamichhane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, IBR, SunMoon University, Tangjeonmyun, 336-708, Asan-si, Chung-nam, Republic of Korea
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Jia XY, Tian ZH, Shao L, Qu XD, Zhao QF, Tang J, Tang GL, Liu W. Genetic Characterization of the Chlorothricin Gene Cluster as a Model for Spirotetronate Antibiotic Biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:575-85. [PMID: 16793515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster for chlorothricin (CHL) was localized to a 122 kb contiguous DNA from Streptomyces antibioticus DSM 40725, and its involvement in CHL biosynthesis was confirmed by gene inactivation and complementation. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequenced 111.989 kb DNA region revealed 42 open reading frames, 35 of which were defined to constitute the CHL gene cluster. An assembly model for CHL biosynthesis from D-olivose, 2-methoxy-5-chloro-6-methylsalicyclic acid, and chlorothricolide building blocks was proposed. This work represents cloning of a gene cluster for spirotetronate antibiotic biosynthesis and sets the stage to investigate the unusual macrolide biosynthesis including tandem Diels-Alder cyclizations, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and incorporation of an enoylpyruvate unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Oikawa H, Tokiwano T. Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2004; 21:321-52. [PMID: 15162222 DOI: 10.1039/b305068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on enzymes catalyzing the Diels- Alder reaction. often named "Diels-Alderases", clearlydemonstrated the involvement of this synthetically useful reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products.This review covers natural Diels-Alder type cycloadducts. synthetic efforts on the chemical feasibility ofthe biosynthctic Diels - Alder reaction and a brief history of studies on Diels-Alderases. In addition,reaction mechanisms of artificial and natural Diels--Alderases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Mitsos C, Zografos A, Igglessi-Markopoulou O. Synthesis of tetronic acid derivatives from novel active esters of α-hydroxyacids. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Studies on the synthesis of the quartromicins: partial stereochemical assignment of quartromicins A3 and D3 and diastereoselective synthesis of the endo- and exo-spirotetronate subunits. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Roush WR, Reilly ML, Koyama K, Brown BB. A Formal Total Synthesis of (+)-Tetronolide, the Aglycon of the Tetrocarcins: Enantio- and Diastereoselective Syntheses of the Octahydronaphthalene (Bottom-Half) and Spirotetronate (Top-Half) Fragments. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Melissa L. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Kazuo Koyama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Bradley B. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Horan AC. Aerobic actinomycetes: a continuing source of novel natural products. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1994; 26:3-30. [PMID: 7749308 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-9003-4.50007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Horan
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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Sajus H, Thiem J. Synthesis of β-Glycosidically Linked Deoxydisaccharides in theL-Ribo Series. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199319930138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Boeckman RK, Barta TE, Nelson SG. Studies directed toward the total synthesis of tetronolide 1. An enantioselective synthesis of the octahydronaphthalene unit. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Enantiospecific naphthopyran synthesis by intramolecular diels-alder cyclisation of 4-keto 2,3-unsaturated C-glycosides. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)92039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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