1
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Tricyclic Fused Lactams by Mukaiyama Cyclisation of Phthalimides and Evaluation of their Biological Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010009. [PMID: 36671210 PMCID: PMC9854654 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that phthalimides may be cyclized using a Mukaiyama-type aldol coupling to give variously substituted fused lactam (1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one) systems. This novel process shows a high level of regioselectivity for o-substituted phthalimides, dictated by steric and electronic factors, but not for m-substituted phthalimides. The initial aldol adduct is prone to elimination, giving 2,3-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones, and the initial cyclisation can be conducted in such a way that aldol cyclisation-elimination is achievable in a one-pot approach. The 2,3-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones possess cross conjugation and steric effects which significantly influence the reactivity of several functional groups, but conditions suitable for epoxidation, ester hydrolysis and amide formation, and reduction, which provide for ring manipulation, were identified. Many of the derived lactam systems, and especially the eliminated systems, show low solubility, which compromises biological activity, although in some cases, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity was found, and this new class of small molecule provides a useful skeleton for further elaboration and study.
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2
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Watanabe K, Sato M, Osada H. Recent advances in the chemo-biological characterization of decalin natural products and unraveling of the workings of Diels-Alderases. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:9. [PMID: 35488322 PMCID: PMC9055775 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction refers to a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction that falls under the category of pericyclic reactions. It is a reaction that allows regio- and stereo-selective construction of two carbon–carbon bonds simultaneously in a concerted manner to generate a six-membered ring structure through a six-electron cyclic transition state. The DA reaction is one of the most widely applied reactions in organic synthesis, yet its role in biological systems has been debated intensely over the last four decades. A survey of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms suggests strongly that many of the compounds possess features that are likely formed through DA reactions, and most of them are considered to be catalyzed by enzymes that are commonly referred to as Diels–Alderases (DAases). In recent years, especially over the past 10 years or so, we have seen an accumulation of a substantial body of work that substantiates the argument that DAases indeed exist and play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex metabolites. This review will cover the DAases involved in the biosynthesis of decalin moieties, which are found in many of the medicinally important natural products, especially those produced by fungi. In particular, we will focus on a subset of secondary metabolites referred to as pyrrolidine-2-one-bearing decalin compounds and discuss the decalin ring stereochemistry and the biological activities of those compounds. We will also look into the genes and enzymes that drive the biosynthetic construction of those complex natural products, and highlight the recent progress made on the structural and mechanistic understanding of DAases, especially regarding how those enzymes exert stereochemical control over the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions they catalyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan. .,Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan.
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3
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Moloney MG, Ibbotson LT, Christensen KE, Genov M, Pretsch A, Pretsch D. Skeletal Analogues of UCS1025A and B by Cyclization of Maleimides: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractApplication of a direct ring-closing approach which exploits an intramolecular aldol reaction with a ketene silyl acetal onto a remote imide function leading to the core skeleton of UCS1025A and B effectively provides access to small library of substituted analogues; of interest is their complete lack of antibacterial activity against MRSA (Gram+) and E. coli (Gram–) bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Moloney
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research
| | - Lewis T. Ibbotson
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford
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4
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Mallik S, Bhajammanavar V, Baidya M. Regioselective Nitrosocarbonyl Aldol Reaction of Deconjugated Butyrolactams: Synthesis of γ‐Heterosubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 6000036 Tamil Nadu India
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5
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Abstract
Natural products are the most effective source of potential drug leads. The total
synthesis of bioactive natural products plays a crucial role in confirming the hypothetical
complex structure of natural products in the laboratory. The total synthesis of rare bioactive
natural products is one of the great challenges for the organic synthetic community due to
their complex structures, biochemical specificity, and difficult stereochemistry. Subsequently,
the total synthesis is a long process in several cases, and it requires a substantial amount of
time. Microwave irradiation has emerged as a greener tool in organic methodologies to reduce
reaction time from days and hours to minutes and seconds. Moreover, this non-classical
methodology increases product yields and purities, improves reproducibility, modifications of
selectivity, simplification of work-up methods, and reduces unwanted side reactions. Such
beneficial qualities have stimulated this review to cover the application of microwave irradiation in the field of the
total synthesis of bioactive natural products for the first time during the last decade. An overview of the use of microwave
irradiation, natural sources, structures, and biological activities of secondary metabolites is presented elegantly,
focusing on the involvement of at least one or more steps by microwave irradiation as a green technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG Department), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal- 713347, India
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6
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Escolano M, Torres Fernández J, Rabasa-Alcañiz F, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolizidinone Scaffolds through Multiple-Relay Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:9433-9438. [PMID: 33253590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A triple-tandem protocol for the synthesis of the pyrrolizidinone skeleton has been devised. It involves a cross metathesis-intramolecular aza-Michael reaction-intramolecular Michael addition tandem sequence, starting from N-pentenyl-4-oxo-2-alkenamides and conjugated ketones. In the presence of two cooperative catalysts, namely the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst and (R)-TRIP-derived BINOL phosphoric acid, this multiple-relay catalytic process takes place in good yields and outstanding levels of diastero- and enantioselectivity with the simultaneous generation of three contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Torres Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rabasa-Alcañiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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7
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Ghoshal A, Yadav A, Srivastava AK. [3 + 2]-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Aldehyde-Tethered Alkynamides and Trimethylsilyl Amino Esters: A Gateway to Uniquely Functionalized Polycyclic N-Heterocycles via Post-Ugi Functionalization. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14890-14904. [PMID: 33136409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the generation of uniquely functionalized pyrrolo-pyrrolizinones, pyrido-pyrrolizinones, and azepino-pyrrolizinones via [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition is described. The method involves the synthesis of tethered alkynamides using Ugi condensation and oxidation that were subsequently subjected to a dipolar cycloaddition reaction with trimethylsilyl amino esters. Further transformations to demonstrate the utility of these scaffolds were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Yadav
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Culture-Dependent Microbiome of the Ciona intestinalis Tunic: Isolation, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111732. [PMID: 33167375 PMCID: PMC7694362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascidians and their associated microbiota are prolific producers of bioactive marine natural products. Recent culture-independent studies have revealed that the tunic of the solitary ascidian Cionaintestinalis (sea vase) is colonized by a diverse bacterial community, however, the biotechnological potential of this community has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed at isolating the culturable microbiota associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis collected from the North and Baltic Seas, to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and to gain first insights into their metabolite repertoire. The tunic of the sea vase was found to harbor a rich microbial community, from which 89 bacterial and 22 fungal strains were isolated. The diversity of the tunic-associated microbiota differed from that of the ambient seawater samples, but also between sampling sites. Fungi were isolated for the first time from the tunic of Ciona. The proportion of bioactive extracts was high, since 45% of the microbial extracts inhibited the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or cancer cell lines. In a subsequent bioactivity- and metabolite profiling-based approach, seven microbial extracts were prioritized for in-depth chemical investigations. Untargeted metabolomics analyses of the selected extracts by a UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking approach revealed a vast chemical diversity with compounds assigned to 22 natural product families, plus many metabolites that remained unidentified. This initial study indicates that bacteria and fungi associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis represent an untapped source of putatively new marine natural products with pharmacological relevance.
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9
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Gao YL, Zhang ML, Wang X, Zhang HD, Huang JZ, Li L. Isolation and characterization of a new cytotoxic polyketide-amino acid hybrid from Thermothelomyces thermophilus ATCC 42464. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1792-1798. [PMID: 31309856 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1641810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are a rich source of novel anticancer compounds. Bioassay-guided isolation has led to the isolation of four polyketide-amino acid hybrid compounds with trans-fused decalin system from the fungus Thermothelomyces thermophilus ATCC 42464 (=Myceliophthora thermophila ATCC 42464): myceliothermophins A, B, E and F (1-4). The structure of the new compound (myceliothermophin F, compound 4) was clearly determined by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). The new compound exhibited promising cytotoxicity against some cell lines derived from colorectal carcinoma, hepatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, indicating that compounds with trans-fused decalin system would be promising in the course of developing novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Le Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huai-Dong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Schramm S, Köhler N, Rozhon W. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Occurrence in Crop Plants. Molecules 2019; 24:E498. [PMID: 30704105 PMCID: PMC6385001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a typical pyrrolizidine motif predominantly produced by plants as defense chemicals against herbivores. They display a wide structural diversity and occur in a vast number of species with novel structures and occurrences continuously being discovered. These alkaloids exhibit strong hepatotoxic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, tumorigenic, and neurotoxic activities, and thereby pose a serious threat to the health of humans since they are known contaminants of foods including grain, milk, honey, and eggs, as well as plant derived pharmaceuticals and food supplements. Livestock and fodder can be affected due to PA-containing plants on pastures and fields. Despite their importance as toxic contaminants of agricultural products, there is limited knowledge about their biosynthesis. While the intermediates were well defined by feeding experiments, only one enzyme involved in PA biosynthesis has been characterized so far, the homospermidine synthase catalyzing the first committed step in PA biosynthesis. This review gives an overview about structural diversity of PAs, biosynthetic pathways of necine base, and necic acid formation and how PA accumulation is regulated. Furthermore, we discuss their role in plant ecology and their modes of toxicity towards humans and animals. Finally, several examples of PA-producing crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schramm
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Köhler
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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11
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Sofiadis M, Sarris J, Montagnon T, Kalaitzakis D, Vassilikogiannakis G. Rapid Access to 3-Acyl-5-alkoxybutyrolactams Using Triplet and Singlet Oxygen. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - John Sarris
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Tamsyn Montagnon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
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12
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Sano R, Kosuge R, Tsubogo T, Uchiro H. Total synthesis of (+)-UCS1025A based on a sequential Michael-retro Michael strategy featuring one-pot six-step cascade reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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14
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Beabout K, McCurry MD, Mehta H, Shah AA, Pulukuri KK, Rigol S, Wang Y, Nicolaou KC, Shamoo Y. Experimental Evolution of Diverse Strains as a Method for the Determination of Biochemical Mechanisms of Action for Novel Pyrrolizidinone Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:854-865. [PMID: 28942642 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The continuing rise of multidrug resistant pathogens has made it clear that in the absence of new antibiotics we are moving toward a "postantibiotic" world, in which even routine infections will become increasingly untreatable. There is a clear need for the development of new antibiotics with truly novel mechanisms of action to combat multidrug resistant pathogens. Experimental evolution to resistance can be a useful tactic for the characterization of the biochemical mechanism of action for antibiotics of interest. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of a diverse panel of strains with well-annotated reference genomes improves the success of using experimental evolution to characterize the mechanism of action of a novel pyrrolizidinone antibiotic analog. Importantly, we used experimental evolution under conditions that favor strongly polymorphic populations to adapt a panel of three substantially different Gram-positive species (lab strain Bacillus subtilis and clinical strains methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA131 and Enterococcus faecalis S613) to produce a sufficiently diverse set of evolutionary outcomes. Comparative whole genome sequencing (WGS) between the susceptible starting strain and the resistant strains was then used to identify the genetic changes within each species in response to the pyrrolizidinone. Taken together, the adaptive response across a range of organisms allowed us to develop a readily testable hypothesis for the mechanism of action of the CJ-16 264 analog. In conjunction with mitochondrial inhibition studies, we were able to elucidate that this novel pyrrolizidinone antibiotic is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. By studying evolution to resistance in a panel of different species of bacteria, we have developed an enhanced method for the characterization of new lead compounds for the discovery of new mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Beabout
- Department
of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Megan D. McCurry
- Department
of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Heer Mehta
- Department
of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Akshay A. Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - K. C. Nicolaou
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department
of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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15
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Nicolaou KC, Pulukuri KK, Rigol S, Buchman M, Shah AA, Cen N, McCurry MD, Beabout K, Shamoo Y. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Antibiotic CJ-16,264, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Designed Analogues, and Discovery of Highly Potent and Simpler Antibacterial Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15868-15877. [PMID: 29064688 PMCID: PMC5826612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An improved and enantioselective total synthesis of antibiotic CJ-16,264 through a practical kinetic resolution and an iodolactonization reaction to form the iodo pyrrolizidinone fragment of the molecule is described. A series of racemic and enantiopure analogues of CJ-16,264 was designed and synthesized through the developed synthetic technologies and tested against drug-resistant bacterial strains. These studies led to interesting structure-activity relationships and the identification of a number of simpler, and yet equipotent, or even more potent, antibacterial agents than the natural product, thereby setting the foundation for further investigations in the quest for new anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Marek Buchman
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Akshay A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicholas Cen
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Megan D. McCurry
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kathryn Beabout
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Unique cascade ring-opening/cyclization reaction of azlactones and DBU or DBN: Synthesis of new pyrrolam A analogues. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Manjappa KB, Peng YT, Jhang WF, Yang DY. Microwave-promoted, catalyst-free, multi-component reaction of proline, aldehyde, 1,3-diketone: one pot synthesis of pyrrolizidines and pyrrolizinones. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Nicolaou KC, Shah AA, Korman H, Khan T, Shi L, Worawalai W, Theodorakis EA. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Antibiotic CJ-16,264. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9203-8. [PMID: 26096055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis and structural revision of antibiotic CJ-16,264 is described. Starting with citronellal, the quest for the target molecule featured a novel bis-transannular Diels-Alder reaction that casted stereoselectively the decalin system and included the synthesis of six isomers before demystification of its true structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA).
| | - Akshay A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
| | - Henry Korman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Tabrez Khan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
| | - Wisuttaya Worawalai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
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20
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Nicolaou KC, Shah AA, Korman H, Khan T, Shi L, Worawalai W, Theodorakis EA. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Antibiotic CJ-16,264. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li G, Kusari S, Spiteller M. Natural products containing 'decalin' motif in microorganisms. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 31:1175-201. [PMID: 24984916 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are well-known producers of a wide variety of bioactive compounds that are utilized not only for their primary metabolism but also for other purposes such as defense, detoxification, or communication with other micro- and macro-organisms. Natural products containing a 'decalin ring' occur often in microorganisms. They exhibit diverse and remarkable biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities, to name a few. This review surveys the natural decalin-type compounds that have been isolated from microorganisms, with emphasis on both chemical and biological implications. Total syntheses of some important decalin moiety-containing natural products are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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In(OTf)3-mediated dehydrative annulation of β-ketothioamides with phenylglyoxal: one-pot access to diversely functionalized pyrrol-2-thiones. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers pyrrolizidine alkaloids isolated from natural sources. Topics include: aspects of structure, isolation, and biological/pharmacological studies; total syntheses of necic acids, necine bases and closely-related non-natural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Caro-Diaz EJE, Aung A, Xu J, Varghese S, Theodorakis EA. Fusarisetins: Structure-function studies on a novel class of cell migration inhibitors. Org Chem Front 2014; 1:135-139. [PMID: 24910777 DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the effects of fusarisetin A on cell morphology focusing in particular on actin and microtubules dynamics. We also report the synthesis and structure-function studies of a designed library of synthetic fusarisetins in cell-based assays.
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Belal A, El-Gendy BEDM. Pyrrolizines: Promising scaffolds for anticancer drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Futamura Y, Kawatani M, Muroi M, Aono H, Nogawa T, Osada H. Identification of a Molecular Target of a Novel Fungal Metabolite, Pyrrolizilactone, by Phenotypic Profiling Systems. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2456-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pyrrolizilactone, a new pyrrolizidinone metabolite produced by a fungus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:621-3. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Oikawa H, Tokiwano T. Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2004; 21:321-52. [PMID: 15162222 DOI: 10.1039/b305068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on enzymes catalyzing the Diels- Alder reaction. often named "Diels-Alderases", clearlydemonstrated the involvement of this synthetically useful reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products.This review covers natural Diels-Alder type cycloadducts. synthetic efforts on the chemical feasibility ofthe biosynthctic Diels - Alder reaction and a brief history of studies on Diels-Alderases. In addition,reaction mechanisms of artificial and natural Diels--Alderases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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