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Takamatsu A, Honda H, Miwa T, Tabuchi T, Taniguchi K, Shibuya K, Tokuda Y. Prevalence and trends in persistent symptoms following COVID-19 in Japan: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:725-733. [PMID: 38346670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even during the endemic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of persistent symptoms on patients and healthcare systems remains significant. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of these symptoms is essential. METHODS Using data from the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey conducted in February 2023, this cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of, and changes in, persistent COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS In total, 21,108 individuals responded to the survey. Of these, 29.1 % (6143) had a history of COVID-19. Our analysis found that arm/leg/joint pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.17; 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 1.03-1.33), back pain (aOR: 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.27), chest pain (aOR: 1.53; 95 % CI: 1.20-1.96), malaise (aOR: 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.28), loss of taste (aOR: 2.55; 95 % CI: 1.75-3.72), loss of smell (aOR: 2.33; 95 % CI: 1.67-3.26), memory impairment (aOR: 1.27; 95 % CI: 1.04-1.56), and cough (aOR: 1.72; 95 % CI: 1.38-2.13) were independently associated with a history of COVID-19 contracted more than two months but less than six months previously. Further, back pain (aOR: 1.24; 95 % CI: 1.04-1.47) and loss of taste (aOR: 2.28; 95 % CI: 1.24-4.21) showed independent association with COVID-19 contracted more than 12 months previously. CONCLUSIONS Various symptoms were independently associated with a history of COVID-19. While most patients tend to recover within a year after contracting COVID-19, certain symptoms, such as back pain and loss of taste, persist longer than a year, underscoring public health concerns and emphasizing the need for health care services to support patients suffering from persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Honda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Miwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyosu Taniguchi
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; National Hospital Organization, Mie Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Yasuharu Tokuda
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; Muribushi Okinawa Center for Teaching Hospitals, Okinawa, Japan.
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Wentz E, Ni Z, Yenokyan K, Vergara C, Pahwa J, Kammerling T, Xiao P, Duggal P, Lau B, Mehta SH. Cohort profile: the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study (JHCLS)-a US nationwide prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077742. [PMID: 38904142 PMCID: PMC11191784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 continues to affect millions of individuals worldwide, both in the short and long term. The post-acute complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, referred to as long COVID, result in diverse symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Little is known regarding how the symptoms associated with long COVID progress and resolve over time. The Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study aims to prospectively examine the short-term and long-term consequences of COVID-19 in individuals both with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection using self-reported data collected in an online survey. PARTICIPANTS 16 764 adults with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 799 adults without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who completed an online baseline survey. FINDINGS TO DATE This cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study. Among 16 764 participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and defined long COVID status, 75% reported a very good or excellent health status prior to infection, 99% reported experiencing at least one COVID-19 symptom during the acute phase of infection, 9.9% reported hospitalisation and 63% were defined as having long COVID using the WHO definition. FUTURE PLANS Analysis of longitudinal data will be used to investigate the progression and resolution of long COVID symptoms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryka Wentz
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhanmo Ni
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karine Yenokyan
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Candelaria Vergara
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Pahwa
- Oral Health Sciences, Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thea Kammerling
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pu Xiao
- Data Science, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Lau
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wentz E, Ni Z, Yenokyan K, Vergara C, Pahwa J, Kammerling T, Xiao P, Duggal P, Lau B, Mehta SH. Cohort profile: the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study (JHCLS), a United States Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.25.24306387. [PMID: 38712261 PMCID: PMC11071583 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.24306387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 disease continues to affect millions of individuals worldwide, both in the short and long term. The post-acute complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, referred to as long COVID, result in diverse symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Little is known regarding how the symptoms associated with long COVID progress and resolve over time. The Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study aims to prospectively examine the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19 disease in individuals both with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection using self-reported data collected in an online survey. Participants Sixteen thousand, seven hundred sixty-four adults with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 799 adults without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who completed an online baseline survey. Findings to date This cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the Johns Hopkins COVID Long Study. Among 16,764 participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and defined long COVID status, 75% reported a good or excellent health status prior to infection, 99% reported experiencing at least one COVID-19 symptom during the acute phase of infection, 9.9% reported a hospitalization, and 63% were defined as having long COVID using the WHO definition. Future plans Analysis of longitudinal data will be used to investigate the progression and resolution of long COVID symptoms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryka Wentz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhanmo Ni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karine Yenokyan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Candelaria Vergara
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessica Pahwa
- Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thea Kammerling
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pu Xiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bryan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Nacis JS, Dayrit FM, Tanda KV. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplementation relieves symptoms and inflammation among COVID-19 positive adults: a single-blind randomized trial. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e5. [PMID: 38282651 PMCID: PMC10808878 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A clinical study conducted in 2020 showed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been found effective in the rapid relief of COVID-19 symptoms and normalization of the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration among probable and suspected cases of COVID-19. This present study aimed to validate those results and to evaluate the effects of VCO among COVID-19 patients through a 28-day randomized, single-blind trial conducted among 76 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain report)-confirmed adults, with VCO given as a COVID-19 adjunct therapy. The results showed that VCO recipients were free from symptoms and had normal CRP concentrations by day 14. In comparison, participants in the control group reported relief from signs and symptoms on day 23, with normal CRP concentrations on day 25. This second study bolsters the use of VCO as an effective adjunct therapy for COVID-19-positive patients showing mild-to-moderate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Jacus S. Nacis
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Fabian M. Dayrit
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Keith V. Tanda
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
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Hawkings MJ, Vaselli NM, Charalampopoulos D, Brierley L, Elliot AJ, Buchan I, Hungerford D. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Persistent Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Incidence of New Gastrointestinal Illness after Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1625. [PMID: 37631968 PMCID: PMC10459193 DOI: 10.3390/v15081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in gastrointestinal symptoms. For some, these symptoms may persist beyond acute infection, in what is known as 'post-COVID syndrome'. We conducted a systematic review to examine the prevalence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and the incidence of new gastrointestinal illnesses following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched the scientific literature using MedLine, SCOPUS, Europe PubMed Central and medRxiv from December 2019 to July 2023. Two reviewers independently identified 45 eligible articles, which followed participants for various gastrointestinal outcomes after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The weighted pooled prevalence for persistent gastrointestinal symptoms of any nature and duration was 10.8% compared with 4.9% in healthy controls. For seven studies at low risk of methodological bias, the symptom prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 24.1%, with a median follow-up time of 18 weeks. We also identified a higher risk for future illnesses such as irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, hepatic and biliary disease, liver disease and autoimmune-mediated illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease in historically SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Our review has shown that, from a limited pool of mostly low-quality studies, previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be associated with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and the development of functional gastrointestinal illness. Furthermore, we show the need for high-quality research to better understand the SARS-CoV-2 association with gastrointestinal illness, particularly as population exposure to enteric infections returns to pre-COVID-19-restriction levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Hawkings
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; (N.M.V.)
| | - Natasha Marcella Vaselli
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; (N.M.V.)
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Dimitrios Charalampopoulos
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
| | - Liam Brierley
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
| | - Alex J. Elliot
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; (N.M.V.)
- Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Services, Health Protection Operations, UK Health Security Agency, Birmingham B2 4BH, UK
| | - Iain Buchan
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; (N.M.V.)
| | - Daniel Hungerford
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; (N.M.V.)
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
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