Transforming growth factor beta-1 C-509T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 55 case-control studies

TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Bangladeshi population

BACKGROUND

Among Bangladeshi males and females, colorectal cancer is the fourth and fifth most prevalent cancer, respectively. Several studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) gene and SMAD4 gene have a great impact on colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to investigate whether TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Bangladeshi population.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

This case-control study was performed on 167 colorectal cancer patients and 162 healthy volunteers, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was employed for genotyping.

RESULTS

In case of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism, the A allele reduced the colorectal cancer risk significantly (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52, p < 0.001) when compared to the G allele. It was also found that G/A and A/A genotypes of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism reduced the risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to the G/G genotype (G/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.45, p < 0.001 and A/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.21, p < 0.001). TGFβ1 rs1800469 C > T polymorphism showed an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, although the results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

This study confirms the association of SMAD4 rs10502913 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer susceptibility among the Bangladeshi population.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-6 as risk factors for ovarian cancer

Introduction

We investigated the association between common variants in TGF-β1, IL-6 and the risk of ovarian cancer (OC) in Tunisian patients and control women.

Material methods and results

Study subjects comprised 71 OC cases and 74 control women. Genotyping of TGF-β1 and IL-6 SNPs was done by real-time PCR. No differences were noted in the minor allele frequencies of the three TGF-β1 SNPs between OC patients and controls. However, marked differences in the distribution of TGF-β1 rs1800469 genotypes were seen between OC cases and controls (p < 0.001), with TGF-β1 rs1800469 heterozygous (C/T) genotype being negatively associated with OC (OR [95% CI] = 0.24 [0.15-0.58]). The allelic and genotypic distributions at IL-6 polymorphisms showed a positive association between minor allele (G) at IL-6 rs1880242 variant (p = 0.0275; R [95% CI] = 1.88 [1.03-3.46]) and the occurrence of OC. In fact, the presence of T allele [G/T + T/T] decrease the risk of OC (p = 0.021; OR [95% CI] = 0.38 [0.17-0.88]). In addition, the Haploview analysis demonstrated high linkage disequilibrium (LD) between IL-6 SNPs and eight-locus haplotype analysis identified that GGAGGGGA and GGAGGGTA haplotypes are positively associated with OC risk. A negative association was shown between IL-6 haplotype (TGGGCCTA) and OC occurrence.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that TGF-β1 rs1800469, IL-6 rs1880242 variants and IL-6 haplotype (TGGGCCTA) have protective roles of OC risk. IL-6 haplotypes (GGAGGGGA and GGAGGGTA) increase OC susceptibility among Tunisian women.

Association between TGF-β1 rs1982073/rs1800469 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis involving 7698 cases and controls

BACKGROUND

There have been several case-control studies to assess the relationship between the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) gene polymorphism and lung cancer in recent years; however, the results remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between the TGF-β1 T + 869C/C-509T polymorphism and increased risk of lung cancer through meta-analysis.

METHODS

We searched the Cochrane Library database, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang Data Information Service platform to identify relevant case-control studies in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to evaluate the correlation between TGF-β1 gene polymorphism and lung tumor risk. Sensitivity analysis and Egger test were used to evaluate the stability of the results and possible publication bias.

RESULTS

A total of 8 studies, with 3680 patients and 4018 controls, were included. The meta-analysis revealed that there was no conspicuous correlation between the TGF-β1 T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) variant and lung cancer in the overall population. For TGF-β1 C-509T, a significant decreased risk was identified in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the analysis stratified by disease (TT vs CT + CC: P = .02, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.90). However, for TGF-β1 T + 869C, subgroup analysis showed no correlation between the T + 869C polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in patients with NSCLC. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no distinct association was observed between T + 869C (rs1982073)/C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in the Asian and Caucasian groups. Moreover, no significant association was found in the analysis of groups stratified by age, sex, and smoking history.

CONCLUSION

The TGF-β1 T + 869C (rs1982073) and C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphisms are not implicated in lung cancer susceptibility in the overall population. However, our analysis indicated that the C-509T (rs1800469) polymorphism decreases the risk of lung cancer in patients with NSCLC.

Transforming growth factor beta 1 polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with breast cancer susceptibility: A case-control study in Tunisian women

Variable association of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis was documented, and the contribution of specific TGFB1 polymorphisms to the progression of BC and associated features remains poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of TGFB1 rs1800469, rs1800470, rs1800471, and rs1800472 variants and 4-locus TGFB1 haplotypes on BC susceptibility, and pathological presentation of BC subtypes. Study subjects comprised 430 female BC cases, and 498 cancer-free control women. BC-associated pathological parameters were also evaluated for correlation with TGFB1 variants. Results obtained showed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs1800471 (+74G>C) was higher seen in BC cases than in control subjects, and was associated with increased risk of BC. Significant differences in rs1800471 and rs1800469 (-509C>T) genotype distribution were noted between BC cases and controls, which persisted after controlling for key covariates. TGFB1 rs1800472 was positively, while rs1800470 was negatively associated with triple negativity, while rs1800470 positively correlated with menarche, but negatively with tumor size and molecular type, and rs1800469 correlated positively with menstrual irregularity, distant metastasis, nodal status, and hormonotherapy. Heterogeneity in LD pattern was noted between the tested TGFB1 variants. Four-locus (rs1800472-rs1800471-rs1800470-rs1800469) Haploview analysis identified haplotype TGCT to be negatively associated, and haplotypes CGTT and CCCC to be positively associated with BC. This association of CGTT and CCCC, but not TGCT, with BC remained significant after controlling for key covariates. In conclusion, TGFB1 alleles and specific genotypes, and 4-locus TGFB1 haplotypes influence BC susceptibility, suggesting dual association imparted by specific SNP, consistent with dual role for TGFB1 in BC pathogenesis.

Transforming growth factor-β1 gene promoter -509C/T polymorphism in association with expression affects colorectal cancer development and depends on gender

It is widely known that sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is age-related diseases with higher incidence rate among men. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a major immune regulatory cytokine with a great impact and dual role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. In this context, the aim of the study was to explore the role of circulating TGF-β1 and the -509C/T functional promoter polymorphism (rs1800469) within the TGF-β1 gene (TGFB1) in the susceptibility, progression, and prognosis of CRC among Bulgarian male and female patients. Patients with sporadic CRC and healthy controls were genotyped by polymerase-chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum TGF-β1 levels before and after curative surgery were determined by ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from paired tumor, normal mucosa and distant metastasis samples and was used for quantitative detection of TGFB1 mRNA by TaqMan qPCR.We observed that TGF-β1 serum levels depend on the -509C/T genotype in combination with gender. TGF-β1 serum levels in CRC patients were decreased compared to controls, but statistical significance was reached only for men. In the stratified analysis by gender and genotype, a significant association was found for the CC genotype. Overall, our results indicate that the -509C allele increased the cancer risk, particularly for advanced stages (OR = 1.477; p = 0.029). The results from the relative mRNA quantification showed a significant upregulation of TGFB1 in distant metastases compared to primary tumor tissues and higher TGFB1 mRNA levels in men (RQ = 4.959; p = 0.022). In conclusion, we present data that diminished circulating TGF-β1 due to the CC genotype could be a possible risk factor for tumor susceptibility and progression. This association is more pronounced in males than in females. Colorectal cancer tissue expression of TGFB1 gene mRNA correlates with tumor progression and metastasis.

Association between TGF-β1 Polymorphisms and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background and Objective: Studies have been conducted to explore the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and head and neck cancer (HNC) susceptibility, however the findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, we conduct this meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association.

Methods: Embase and PubMed were searched for all eligible clinical studies. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each study were pooled to estimate the association between SNPs in the TGF-β1 and the HNC risk. Subgroup analysis was used to explore whether particular characteristics were related to the value of overall ORs and 95% CIs.

Results: Seven case-control studies, including three SNPs (−509C/T, 869T/C, and 915G/C), were examined. Overall, this meta-analysis failed to identify a significant association between TGF-β1−509C/T, 915G/C polymorphism and HNC risk in any models. As for the 869T/C polymorphism, significant associations were observed in the allelic model (C vs. T: OR = 1.351, 95%CI: 1.030–1.772), the homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.585, 95%CI: 1.026–2.449) and the dominant model (CT/CC vs. TT: OR = 1.398, 95%CI: 1.008–1.937). This polymorphism was also found in the Asian group as well (C vs. T: OR = 1.400, 95%CI: 1.003–1.956, CC vs. TT: OR = 1.814, 95%CI: 1.018–3.233).

Conclusion: Meta-analysis failed to show a statistical association between TGF-β1−509C/T, 915G/C polymorphism, and HNC risk in any genetic models. However, it was found that TGF-β1 869C/T polymorphism may be involved in susceptibility to HNC, especially in Asian patients. However, given the limitations of this meta-analysis, further well-designed studies are required in the future.

Association between the TGFBR2 G-875A polymorphism and cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis

Disrupted transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) signaling is involved in the development of various types of cancer and the TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2) is a key mediator of TGF-β growth inhibitory signals. It is reported that the G-875A polymorphism in TGFBR2 is implicated in risk of various cancers. However, results for the association between this polymorphism and cancer remain conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis of 3,808 cases and 4,489 controls from nine published case-control studies was performed. Our analysis indicated that G-875A is associated with a trend of decreased cancer risk for allele A versus(vs.) allele G [odds ratio (OR) =0.64, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.55-0.74], as well as for both dominant model [(A/ A+G/A) vs. G/G, OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.90] and recessive model [A/A vs. (G/G+G/A), OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.93). However, larger scale primary studies are required to further evaluate the interaction of TGFBR2 G-875A polymorphism and cancer risk in specific cancer subtypes.

TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism might be not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk

Many studies have reported the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) -509C/T or +869T/C polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. However, these studies have yielded conflicting results. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association between TGF-β1 -509C/T or +869T/C polymorphism and HCC. A total of 11 studies including 2,577 HCC cases and 4,107 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was not associated with HCC risk (homogeneous co-dominant model: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 0.88-1.89; heterogeneous co-dominant model: OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.45; dominant model: OR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 0.87-1.48; recessive model: OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.89-1.49). In the subgroup analysis, TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was significantly associated with HCC risk in Caucasians under the recessive model (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI = 1.07-2.55) but not in other genetic models. In addition, we did not observe significant association in Asians under all genetic models. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was not associated with risk of HCC, although a marginal association was found for Caucasians. However, a study with the larger sample size is needed to further evaluate gene-environment interaction on the association.