1
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Chen L. Assessing the diagnostic utility of serum tumor markers for lung cancer detection in patients with interstitial pneumonia. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03638-7. [PMID: 39095684 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of lung cancer among individuals afflicted with interstitial pneumonia (IP) stands at approximately 20%. The early detection of lung cancer via chest computed tomography (CT) surveillance proves challenging in IP patients. Our investigation sought to identify a potential biomarker capable of providing early indications of the presence of lung tumors in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the attributes of serum tumor markers, imaging characteristics, and histological findings in individuals diagnosed with IP, both with and without concurrent lung cancer. RESULTS 106 patients diagnosed with IP were included in the study, comprising 36 individuals with concurrent lung cancer and 70 patients solely diagnosed with IP. Serum concentrations of CEA and CA12-5 were notably elevated in IP patients with lung cancer, compared to those with IP alone. Logistic regression analyses revealed that, in comparison to IP patients within the first quartile of CEA levels, the relative risk of developing lung cancer associated with IP escalated by 4.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 11.0-fold, and 13.3-fold in the second, third, fourth, and fifth quartiles, respectively. Upon controlling for gender and age, statistical significance in risk was observed solely for the fourth and fifth quartiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis conducted in patients diagnosed with ILD-CA identified a CEA cutoff point of 6.9 ng/mL, demonstrating sensitivities of 61.1% and specificities of 78.5%. The area under the curve was calculated as 0.7(95% CI: 0.63-0.81). CONCLUSION The serum levels of CEA were notably elevated in IP patients with concurrent lung cancer in contrast to those who were just suffering from IP. The heightened serum CEA levels correlate with an escalated risk of cancer occurrence among IP patients, suggesting that serum CEA levels could potentially serve as an indicative marker for the presence of cancer in IP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- People' Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 817 Middle Road 602, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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2
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Hogea P, Tudorache E, Fira-Mladinescu O, Marc M, Velescu D, Manolescu D, Bratosin F, Rosca O, Mavrea A, Oancea C. Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Levels of Cytokines in Patients with Lung Cancer and Chronic Lung Disease: A Prospective Comparative Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:998. [PMID: 37373987 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of chronic inflammation in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis has been well-established in previous studies, particularly in the stages of malignant conversion, invasion, and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between the levels of cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by comparing their levels between patients with lung cancer and those with benign lung diseases. The study measured the concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70, in venous blood and BALF of a total of 33 patients with lung cancer and 33 patients with benign lung diseases. Significant differences were found between the two groups in various clinical parameters. The cytokine levels were significantly higher among patients with malignant disease, while the BALF analysis revealed higher cytokine levels compared with serum analysis. It was discovered that the levels of cancer-specific cytokines in the lavage fluid increased significantly sooner and were present at a greater concentration than those in the peripheral blood. After one month of treatment, the serum markers decreased significantly but slower in the lavage fluid. The differences between serum and BALF markers remained significant. It was observed that the highest correlation was among IL-6 (serum) and IL-6 (lavage), with a coefficient of 0.774 (p-value < 0.001), and IL-1 (serum) and IL-1β (lavage), with a coefficient value of 0.610 (p-value < 0.001). Other significant correlations among serum and lavage cytokines were observed between IL-6 (lavage) and IL-1 (serum) (rho = 0.631, p-value < 0.001) and CRP (rho = 0.428, p-value = 0.001), respectively. This study revealed significant differences and correlations in clinical parameters, serum markers, and BALF inflammatory markers between patients with lung cancer and those with benign lung pathologies. The results highlight the importance of understanding the inflammatory profiles of these conditions and could contribute to the development of targeted therapies or diagnostic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to validate these findings, explore their implications for clinical practice, and determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of these cytokines for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hogea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emanuela Tudorache
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 1st Pulmonology Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, "Victor Babes", Gheorghe Adam Street 13, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Pulmonology Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, "Victor Babes", Gheorghe Adam Street 13, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Marc
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Pulmonology Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, "Victor Babes", Gheorghe Adam Street 13, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Velescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Radiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rosca
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Mavrea
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Clinic, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 1st Pulmonology Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, "Victor Babes", Gheorghe Adam Street 13, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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3
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid-Isolated Biomarkers for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of Lung Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122949. [PMID: 36552956 PMCID: PMC9776496 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered one of the most fatal malignant neoplasms because of its late detection. Detecting molecular markers in samples from routine bronchoscopy, including many liquid-based cytology procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), could serve as a favorable technique to enhance the efficiency of a lung cancer diagnosis. BALF analysis is a promising approach to evaluating the tumor progression microenvironment. BALF's cellular and non-cellular components dictate the inflammatory response in a cancer-proliferating microenvironment. Furthermore, it is an essential material for detecting clinically significant predictive and prognostic biomarkers that may aid in guiding treatment choices and evaluating therapy-induced toxicities in lung cancer. In the present article, we have reviewed recent literature about the utility of BALF analysis for detecting markers in different stages of tumor cell metabolism, employing either specific biomarker assays or broader omics approaches.
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4
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Ma S, Yu X, Jin X, Qiu F, Chen X, Wang R, Cao C. The usefulness of liquid-based cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid combined with bronchial brush specimens in lung cancer diagnosis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221132708. [PMID: 36345162 PMCID: PMC9647257 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221132708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology (LBC) of
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with bronchial brushing
(BB). Methods One hundred patients with pulmonary masses or nodules found by chest computed
tomography (CT) or X-ray before bronchoscopy or other diagnostic biopsy
examinations were selected consecutively for this retrospective study. BALF
and BB were performed for all patients. After conventional smear via BB, we
mixed the BALF and BB samples in a prepared thin-layer bottle. Results The sensitivity of LBC of BALF combined with BB was noticeably higher than
that of BB alone in the total sample group (65.15% vs. 32.84%,
respectively). Similarly, in both the bronchoscopically visible group and
invisible group, a higher sensitivity for LBC of BALF with BB vs BB alone
(68.89% vs. 39.13%, respectively; 57.14% vs. 19.05%, respectively) was
observed. Additionally, the negative predictive value of LBC of BALF with BB
was higher than that with BB alone (58.56% vs. 42.31%; 61.29% vs. 44.73%;
53.47% vs. 37.83%; total sample vs visible vs invisible groups,
respectively). Conclusion Regardless of whether lesions or nodules are bronchoscopically visible or
invisible, LBC of BALF combined with BB may increase the diagnostic value
over BB alone in lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanni Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xuechan Yu
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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5
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Cao C, Yu X, Zhu T, Jiang Q, Li Y, Li X. Diagnostic role of liquid-based cytology of bronchial lavage fluid in addition to bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 107:325-328. [PMID: 32972322 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620960218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests, including the liquid-based thin layer method, have demonstrated the highest potential for reducing false-negatives and improving sample quality. METHOD This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of LBC of bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer. A total of 249 patients were analyzed in our study, involving 155 patients with combined bronchial brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 94 patients with BAL alone. RESULTS The sensitivity in the combined bronchial brushing and BAL group was 61.4% in the diagnosis of lung cancer, which is much higher than with BAL alone. Rates of positive predictive values and negative predictive values in the combined group compared with the BALF alone group were 98.6% vs 100% and 47.6% vs 37.4%, respectively. Sensitivity in the BALF alone group was 12.5% in bronchoscopically invisible pulmonary lesions and as high as 52.1% in the combined group. CONCLUSION The results from our study demonstrated that LBC of brushing samples could be used as an important complement of bronchoscopy and could have the potential to be widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuechan Yu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingwen Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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6
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Xiong W, Ding W, Xu M, Pudasaini B, Sun J, Zhao Y. The screening role of a biomarker panel in BALF among patients with cancer-suspected pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:829-838. [PMID: 32502326 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is intractable to differentiate the malignancy from benignancy of cancer-suspected pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm. METHODS The patients with small pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm which were suspected to be primary lung cancer underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed. Then, all patients underwent histopathological examination by means of surgical resection of nodules to determine their benignancy or malignancy. The nodules' benignancy and malignancy suggested by the biomarker panel consisted of VEGF, TGF-β and HGF in BALF were validated by the histopathological results to determine their screening efficiency. RESULTS Among 405 patients with pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm, 252 and 153 were predicted to be malignant and benignant, respectively, by using the biomarker panel in BALF. Finally, 180 (71.4%) of 252 and 114 (74.5%) of 153 were validated to be truly malignant and benignant, respectively, according to the histopathological results. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of screening efficiency for pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm, the results demonstrated that the AUC [0.807 (0.658-0.882)] of the biomarker panel in BALF was higher compared with that [0.605 (0.433-0.738)] of the biomarker panel in blood (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS For patients with cancer-suspected pulmonary nodules less 8 mm, a biomarker panel of VEGF, TGF-β and HGF in BALF demonstrated more eligible screening efficiency for the preliminary differentiation of malignancy from benignancy, by contrast with their level in blood as well as PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Community Health Service Center of North Bund, Shanghai, China
| | - Bigyan Pudasaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia Bainuo Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lai Y, Wang X, Zeng T, Xing S, Dai S, Wang J, Chen S, Li X, Xie Y, Zhu Y, Liu W. Serum VEGF levels in the early diagnosis and severity assessment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:1538-1547. [PMID: 29760791 PMCID: PMC5950582 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective biomarkers are essential to the differential diagnosis and severity assessment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study explored the use of the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels as a biomarker with the aim of achieving better management of NSCLC. Methods: Serum VEGF levels were assayed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 180 patients with NSCLC, 136 patients with benign pulmonary nodules, and 119 healthy controls. We additionally detected the serum concentration of three traditional biomarkers—carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)-125, and cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra 21-1)—to comparatively evaluate the efficiency and diagnostic value of VEGF in patients with NSCLC. We further evaluated the relationship between serum VEGF levels and clinicopathologic parameters. VEGF levels were compared between pro- and post-surgical patients using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. DNA was isolated from the primary tumors. EGFR mutations were detected by Scorpions amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Results: Patients with NSCLC had significantly higher serum concentration of VEGF, compared to those with benign pulmonary nodules and healthy controls (P <0.0001). As a diagnostic biomarker of NSCLC, VEGF had area under the curve values of 0.824 and 0.839, sensitivities of 75.0% and 75.0%, and specificities of 93.3% and 95.6% when compared with healthy people and patients with benign pulmonary nodules, respectively; notably, these values were greater than those of CA125, Cyfra 21-1 and CEA. Furthermore, a model in which VEGF was combined with CEA, CA125, and Cyfra 21-1 was more effective for NSCLC diagnosis than VEGF alone (sensitivity, 85.0% and 84.4; specificity, 90.0% and 91.9% vs. healthy controls and patients with benign pulmonary nodules, respectively). When use to identify early-stage NSCLC, VEGF showed a better diagnostic efficacy than other biomarkers. The pro-surgical VEGF levels were significantly higher than those measured 25-30 days after surgery. Moreover, VEGF concentration differed significantly among cases according to TNM stages and malignant grades (P <0.0001). EGFR mutations and the size of benign pulmonary nodules did not affect the level of serum VEGF significantly. Conclusion: The serum VEGF levels exhibited relatively high sensitivity and specificity for NSCLC, and may therefore be a useful diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, the serum VEGF levels could be used to assess prognosis and curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of thoracic surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Cao C, Xu N, Zheng X, Zhang W, Lai T, Deng Z, Huang X. Elevated expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 cooperatively correlates with risk of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80560-80567. [PMID: 29113325 PMCID: PMC5655220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common form of malignant diseases and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is reported that approximately two-thirds of lung cancer patients is the presence of advance disease at the time of diagnosis. Hence novel lung cancer diagnostic tests, which can be used to screen individuals at high risk, are required. In the derivation cohort, a total of 88 patients admitted into hospital with suspected lung cancer were included. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected from included patients, and were analyzed for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression. The results showed a higher level of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression and secretion in airways of lung cancer patients than that of benign diseases. A statistically significant correlation was observed between MMP-2 and TIMP-2. In addition, a validation cohort involving 107 patients was conducted to confirm these results. Interesting, BALF MMP-2 and TIMP-2 showed a high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease in both derivation cohort and validation cohort. The findings in this study suggested that elevated expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 cooperatively correlates with risk of lung cancer. Measurement of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in BALF might be helpful for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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9
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Sun S, Chen Z, Cao C, Wu B, Wang B, Yu Y, Chen Z, Hu Z, Deng Z. Diagnostic value of epidermal growth factor, cancer antigen 125, and cancer antigen 15-3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e180-e184. [PMID: 28680284 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we assessed the diagnostic value of epidermal growth factor (egf) and cancer antigens 125 (ca125) and 15-3 (ca15-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) of lung cancer from 79 enrolled patients with suspected lung cancer. METHODS All patients underwent fibrescopic examination, during which balf samples were collected. Levels of egf, ca125, and ca15-3 were determined in balf using commercially available test kits. RESULTS The results showed that levels of egf in balf were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than in patients with benign diseases (p < 0.01); no significant differences for ca125 (p = 0.67) or ca15-3 (p = 0.43) in balf were observed between the lung cancer patients and the non-cancer control subjects. With a cut-off value of 27.22 pg/mL, egf showed a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 65.7% in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that levels of egf are significantly increased in balf from patients with lung cancer than in balf from patients with benign disease. Detection of the level of egf in balf is proposed as a noninvasive test to identify patients at high risk for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - C Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - B Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Medicine College, Guangdong; and
| | - B Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cixi People's Hospital, Cixi, P.R.C
| | - Z Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo
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10
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Cao C, Lai T, Li M, Zhou H, Lv D, Deng Z, Ying S, Chen Z, Li W, Shen H. Smoking-promoted oxidative DNA damage response is highly correlated to lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18919-26. [PMID: 26942876 PMCID: PMC4951340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by tobacco smoking is one of the main causes of DNA damage and is known to be involved in various cancers. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, while the role of cigarette smoke-induced oxidative DNA damage response during lung carcinogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated oxidative DNA damage response levels in smoking and nonsmoking patients with lung cancer, and evaluated the potential diagnostic value of 8-OHdG for lung cancer. We observed a higher level of 8-OHdG expression and secretion in airways of lung cancer patients than that of noncancer controls. 8-OHdG expression was associated with the TNM stages. Additionally, cigarette smoke-induced oxidative DNA damage response was observed in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. A statistical significance correlation was found between the levels of 8-OHdG and smoking index. With a cut-off value of 2.86 ng/ml, 8-OHdG showed a sensitivity and specificity of 70.0% and 73.7%, respectively, to identify a patient with lung cancer. These findings not only underscore the importance of smoking in oxidative DNA damage response of lung cancer patients, but also suggest 8-OHdG as a potential diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Zoller G, Santamaria-Bouvier A, De Lasalle J, Cluzel C, Duhamelle A, Larrat S, Maccolini E. Total Pneumocystectomy in a Telescope Goldfish (Carassius auratus) With Fungal Pneumocystitis. J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Ławicki S, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. Plasma levels and diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the diagnostics of breast cancer patients. Biomarkers 2016; 22:157-164. [PMID: 27775427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated plasma levels and diagnostic utility of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in comparison to cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). METHODS Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while CA 15-3 with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). RESULTS The plasma levels of VEGF, TIMP-2 showed significantly higher than CA 15-3 values of the diagnostic sensitivity, the predictive values of positive and negative test results (PPV, NPV) and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) in early stages of breast cancer (BC). The combined use of the tested parameters with CA 15-3 resulted in the increase in sensitivity, NPV and AUC, especially in the combination with VEGF (83%; 72%; 0.888) and TIMP-2 (83%; 72%; 0.894). The highest values were obtained for combination of all three parameters (93%; 85%; 0.923). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the usefulness of the tested parameters in the diagnosis of BC, especially VEGF and TIMP-2 with CA 15-3 in early stages of BC, which could be a new diagnostic panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
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Diagnostic Power of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Breast Cancer Patients Based on ROC Analysis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5962946. [PMID: 27445439 PMCID: PMC4947496 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5962946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been described as an important regulator of angiogenesis which plays a vital role in the progression of tumor. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a cytokine whose functions include regulation of hematopoietic lineages cells growth, proliferation, and differentiation. We investigated the diagnostic significance of these parameters in comparison to CA15-3 in BC patients and in relation to the control group (benign breast tumor and healthy women). Plasma levels of the tested parameters were determined by ELISA and CA15-3 was determined by CMIA. VEGF was shown to be comparable to CA15-3 values of sensitivity in BC group and, what is more important, higher values in early stages of BC. VEGF was also the only parameter which has statistically significant AUC in all stages of cancer. M-CSF has been shown to be comparable to CA15-3 and VEGF, specificity, and AUC values only in stages III and IV of BC. These results indicate the usefulness and high diagnostic power of VEGF in the detection of BC. Also, it occurred to be the best candidate for cancer diagnostics in stages I and II of BC and in the differentiation between BC and benign cases.
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Peng J, An S, Wang HP, Chen XL, Ning XG, Liu J, Yu XY, Mao X, Xu TR. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer versus thoracotomy: a less decrease in sVEGFR2 level after surgery. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:323-8. [PMID: 27076926 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.02.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors play an important role in tumor biology and tumor recurrence after surgical resection. Antiangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) and sVEGFR2, two soluble form receptor proteins of VEGF, are critical for angiogenesis. VEGF can be sequestered by soluble forms of these receptors, which result in decreasing VEGF amount available to bind to its receptor on vascular endothelial cell surface. This study aimed to investigate the influences of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and open by thoracotomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on postoperative circulating sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels. METHODS Forty-eight lung cancer patients underwent lobectomy through either VATS (n=26) or thoracotomy (n=22). Blood samples were collected from all patients preoperatively and postoperatively on days 1, 3 and 7. ELISA analysis was used to determine the plasma levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2. Data are reported as means and standard deviations, and were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-Rank test (P<0.05). RESULTS For all patients undergoing lobectomy, postoperative sVEGFR1 levels on days 1 and 3 were markedly increased, while postoperative sVEGFR2 levels on days 1 and 3 were significantly decreased. Moreover, VATS group had significantly higher plasma level of sVEGFR2 postoperative in comparison with open thoracotomy (OT) on day 1 (VATS 6,953±1,535 pg/mL; OT 5,874±1,328 pg/mL, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Major pulmonary resection for early stage NSCLC resulted in the increased sVEGFR1 and decreased sVEGFR2 productions. VATS is associated with enhanced anti-angiogenic response with higher circulating sVEGFR2 levels compared with that with OT. Such differences in anti-angiogenic response may have an important effect on cancer biology and recurrence after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Su An
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xin-Long Chen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xian-Gu Ning
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xu-Ya Yu
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xin Mao
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China ; 2 Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China ; 3 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
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Ławicki S, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. Plasma levels and diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:911-9. [PMID: 26966379 PMCID: PMC4771393 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer disease. We investigated their levels and utility in comparison to cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 in patients with breast cancer (BC) and in relation to the control groups. The study included 100 women with BC, 50 patients with benign breast tumor, and 50 healthy women. The plasma levels of the tested parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while CA 15-3 with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The results demonstrated significant differences in the concentration of the tested parameters and CA 15-3 between groups of patients with BC and healthy patients or patients with benign breast tumor. The plasma levels of VEGF and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in advanced tumor stages. The tested parameters were comparable to CA 15-3 values of the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, the predictive values of positive and negative test results, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. The combined use of the tested parameters with CA 15-3 resulted in the increase in sensitivity, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, especially in the combination of VEGF with tumor marker (84%, 73%, 0.888, respectively). These findings suggest the usefulness of the tested parameters in the diagnosis of BC. VEGF, especially in combination with CA 15-3, showed the highest usefulness in the diagnosis of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Ewa Będkowska
- Department of Hematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Riaz SK, Iqbal Y, Malik MFA. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the vascular endothelial growth factor family in cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:1677-82. [PMID: 25773809 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is attained by uncontrolled cell division and metastasis. Increase in tumor size triggers different vascular channel formation to address cell nutritional demands. These channels are responsible for transferring of nutrients and gaseous to the cancer cells. Cancer vascularization is regulated by numerous factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). These factors play an important role during embryonic development. Members included in this group are VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, PIGF and VEGFD which markedly influence cellular growth and apoptosis. Being freely diffusible these proteins act in both autocrine and paracrine fashions. In this review, genetic characterization these molecules and their putative role in cancer staging has been elaborated. Prognostic significance of these molecules along with different stages of cancer has also been summarized. Brief outline of ongoing efforts to target hot spot target sites against these VEGFs and their cognate limitations for therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail :
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Xu ZW, Wang GN, Dong ZZ, Li TH, Cao C, Jin YH. CHRNA5 rs16969968 Polymorphism Association with Risk of Lung Cancer - Evidence from 17,962 Lung Cancer Cases and 77,216 Control Subjects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6685-90. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chen Z, Xu Z, Sun S, Yu Y, Lv D, Cao C, Deng Z. TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: useful markers for lung cancer? Sci Rep 2014; 4:5595. [PMID: 24999009 PMCID: PMC4083430 DOI: 10.1038/srep05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflect immunologic reactions of the lung in pulmonary malignancies. Detection of biomarkers in BALF might serve as an important method for differential diagnosis of lung cancer. A total of 78 patients admitted into hospital with suspected lung cancer were included in our study. BALF samples were obtained from all patients, and were analyzed for TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α using commercially available sandwich ELISA kits. The levels of TGF-β1 in BALF were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer compared with patients with benign diseases (P = 0.003). However, no significant difference of IL-6 (P = 0.61) or TNF-α (P = 0.72) in BALF was observed between malignant and nonmalignant groups. With a cut-off value of 10.85 pg/ml, TGF-β1 showed a sensitivity of 62.2%, and a specificity of 60.6%, in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease. Our data suggest that TGF-β1 in BALF might be a valuable biomarker for lung cancer. However, measurement of IL-6 or TNF-α in BALF has poor diagnostic value in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Chen
- 1] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China [2]
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- 1] Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, China [2]
| | - Shifang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yiming Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chao Cao
- 1] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China [2] Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
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Avci N, Cecener G, Deligonul A, Erturk E, Tunca B, Egeli U, Tezcan G, Akyildiz EU, Bayram AS, Gebitekin C, Kurt E, Evrensel T. Molecular markers for patients with thymic malignancies: not feasible at present? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3457-60. [PMID: 24870739 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare malignancies and devising clinically effective molecular targeted therapies is a major clinical challenge. The aim of the study was to analyze BLC2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression and KRAS and EGFR mutational status and to correlate them with the clinical characteristics of patients with thymomas and thymic carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 62 patients (mean age: 50.4 ± 13.2 years) with thymomas and thymic carcinomas were enrolled. The expression of BLC2 and VEGFR in tumor cells and normal tissues was evaluated by RT-PCR. The mutational status of the KRAS and EGFR genes was investigated by PCR with sequence specific primers. RESULTS The BLC2 and VEGFR expression levels did not differ significantly between tumor and normal tissues. Moreover, there were no clearly pathogenic mutations in KRAS or EGFR genes in any tumor. None of the molecular markers were significantly related to clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Changes in levels of expression of BLC2 and VEGFR do not appear to be involved in thymic tumorigenesis. Moreover, our data suggest that KRAS and EGFR mutations do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Avci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey E-mail :
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Evaluation of VEGF-C and tumor markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for lung cancer diagnosis. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3473. [PMID: 24326979 PMCID: PMC3858788 DOI: 10.1038/srep03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 87 patients were enrolled and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were obtained from all subjects. A significant difference was found in BALF VEGF-C level between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and benign diseases (P = 0.043). In addition, the concentration of NSE in BALF form the malignant group was significantly higher compared with that of the benign groups (P = 0.018). However, no statistical difference was observed in BALF CEA (P = 0.375) or CYFRA21-1 (P = 0.838) between lung cancer patients and nonmalignant controls. With a cut-off value of 2.06 ng/ml, NSE had a sensitivity of 72.9%, a specificity of 69.2%, respectively, in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary mass. Our study observed that the level of VEGF-C was increased in BALF of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, we found that NSE was significantly higher in BALF of lung cancer patients than in benign diseases.
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