Expression of osteopontin in non-small cell lung cancer and correlative relation with microvascular density

Osteopontin versus alpha-fetoprotein as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

Background

Several studies have reported that osteopontin (OPN) is a promising marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, some studies emerged with conflicting results. Therefore, we provide a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic performance of OPN for HCC.

Methods

Studies that investigated the diagnostic value of OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC were collected from PubMed and Embase. Sensitivity, specificity, and other parameters about the diagnostic accuracy of serum OPN and AFP in HCC were pooled using STATA 12.0 software. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) and other parameters were used to summarize the overall test performance.

Results

Twelve studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.813 (95% CI: 0.671-0.902), 0.874 (95% CI: 0.778-0.932), and 30.047 (95% CI: 8.845-102.067) for OPN; 0.639 (95% CI: 0.538-0.729), 0.959 (95% CI: 0.909-0.982), and 41.518 (95% CI: 13.688-125.929) for AFP; and 0.856 (95% CI: 0.760-0.918), 0.738 (95% CI: 0.630-0.823), and 16.718 (95% CI: 7.950-35.156) for OPN+AFP, respectively. The area under the sROC for OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.91, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively. For diagnosis of early HCC, pooled sensitivity of serum OPN, AFP, and OPN+AFP was 0.493 (95% CI: 0.422-0.563), 0.517 (95% CI: 0.446-0.587), and 0.732 (95% CI: 0.666-0.791), respectively.

Conclusions

OPN is a comparable marker to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, and the sensitivity of OPN was higher than that of AFP. A combination of AFP and OPN can elevate the sensitivity of diagnosis for early HCC.

Prognostic value of osteopontin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE

The prognostic value of tissue and serum osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The aim of present meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of OPN in patients with HCC.

METHODS

Eligible studies were systematically searched by PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar. A meta-analysis of 12 studies included 2117 cases was performed to estimate the association between OPN level and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The pooled data of studies showed that high OPN level was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratios [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.54-2.20; P = .000) and DFS (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.40-1.98; P = .000) in HCC. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, high tissue based OPN by immunohistochemistry detection and serum-based OPN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection were both significantly associated with OS (tissue: HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.53-2.31; P < .0001; serum: HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.58-3.59; P < .0001). Simultaneously, we also found that OPN expression was positively associated with stage (odds ratios [OR] 5.68; 95% CI 3.443-7.758), tumor size (Size≤5 cm vs >5 cm; OR 2.001; 95% CI1.036-3.867).

CONCLUSION

The current evidence indicates that OPN could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Osteopontin promotes cancer cell drug resistance, invasion, and lactate production and is associated with poor outcome of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Background

Osteopontin (OPN), a member of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family, has been analyzed in numerous types of human malignancy.

Purpose

The present study detected the expression levels of OPN and evaluated its role in tumor progression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and methods

OPN expression levels were detected using immunohistochemistry in 101 NSCLC tumors. The mRNA and protein levels have significant difference between advanced NSCLC and stage I/II NSCLC. The drug resistance, invasive ability and lactate production of NSCLC cancer cell lines (A549 and SK-MES-1) were detected in cancer cells with the disturbance of OPN.

Results

Immunostaining indicated that OPN was primarily expressed in the cytoplasm of NSCLC cells. Moreover, OPN correlates with NSCLC clinical traits. The results demonstrated that OPN expression levels significantly correlated with cancer differentiation, distant metastasis and the efficacy of platinum-based treatment. Notably, the results identified OPN expression levels as a potential factor for predicting the response of cells to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy using multivariate analysis, as well as predicting cancer differentiation and distant metastasis. Additionally, the abrogation of OPN levels reduced lactate production in NSCLC cells and occurred along side with the downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA).

Conclusion

The results of the current study suggest that OPN may be able to predict poor prognosis and cisplatin resistance in patients.

Overexpression of osteopontin promotes cell proliferation and migration in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignant tumor at the top and side of the nasopharyngeal cavity, highly occurs in the southern region of China. Cancer cell metastasis is one of the leading causes of death in NPC patients. Osteopontin (OPN), is a phosphorylated extracellular matrix protein with a variety of functions, was found to be overexpressed in many cancers. However, the expression and role of OPN in patients with NPC in Guangxi, China are unclear. Here, we observed that NPC patients had upregulated OPN at mRNA protein and levels. Immunochemistry (IHC) analysis of OPN expression in 68 NPC clinical specimens indicated that high expression of OPN had positive correlation with NPC lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012), distant metastasis (P = 0.001) and TNM staging (P = 0.018). Moreover, compared with relatively low OPN, NPC patients with higher expression of OPN showed a poorer overall survival rate (P = 0.001, log rank test). Multivariate analysis showed that OPN expression in NPC was an independent prognostic marker. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration ability of CEN-2Z cancer cells in NPC were determined by MTT, flow cytometry and wound-healing assays, respectively. Upregulation of OPN in CEN-2Z cancer cells promoted cancer cell proliferation and migration, and suppressed apoptosis. In sum, our result suggests OPN could be used as a valuable oncoprotein and show that overexpression of OPN in NPC may serve as a potential prognostic marker.

Role of osteopontin in lung cancer evolution and heterogeneity

Patients with lung cancer still have high mortality, recurrence rate after adjuvant treatment, and poor five-year survival rates, despite of advances in multidisciplinary anti-cancer therapies, e.g. chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, It depends upon the presence of intratumoral heterogeneity and complexity of lung cancer. There is growing evidence to suggest that osteopontin (OPN) may play a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. The present review briefly describes the structure and molecular biology of OPN, highlights the role of OPN in the development and metastasis of lung cancer, and summarizes potential mechanisms of OPN heterogeneity in tumor to underline some of these inconsistencies. The article will emphasize the importance to understand the role of OPN in cancer evolution and heterogeneity and explore the potential of OPN as a therapeutic target.

Roles of osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase-7 in occurrence, progression, and prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND

This study detected osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expressions to explore the roles of OPN and MMP-7 in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on NSCLC tissues (n = 152; case group) and adjacent nonneoplastic lung parenchyma (adjacent to tumor >5 cm; n = 152; control group) collected from 152 NSCLC patients. The protein expressions of OPN and MMP-7 were detected by immunohistochemistry. OPN and MMP-7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTS

The protein and mRNA expressions of OPN and MMP-7 in NSCLC tissues were evidently higher than those in adjacent nonneoplastic lung parenchyma (all P < 0.05). OPN protein and mRNA expression were associated with the degree of differentiation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC (all P < 0.05). MMP-7 protein expression was associated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05) while MMP-7 mRNA expression was associated with the degree of differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). A significantly positive relativity was revealed between OPN expression and MMP-7 expression (protein: r = 0.789, P < 0.001; mRNA: r = 0.377, P < 0.001). Lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, OPN, and MMP-7 protein expressions were independent risk factors for the prognosis of NSCLC (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

High MMP-7 and OPN protein expressions are closely related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of NSCLC, and can be served as unfavorable prognostic factors for NSCLC.

Correlation between lung neoplasm and serum level of osteopontin: A meta-analysis

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum osteopontin (OPN) levels in lung neoplasm in patients to establish a novel diagnostic score model. Articles were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wang Fang databases. Studies identified were pooled, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyses and publication bias detection were also conducted. Version 12.0 STATA software was used for statistical analysis. A final analysis of 1,327 subjects together (740 patients with lung neoplasms and 587 controls) was performed from 10 clinical case-control studies. The meta-analysis results showed a positive association between serum OPN levels and lung neoplasm (SMD=5.59, 95% CI: 1.85–3.32, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis by ethnicity detected that high levels of serum OPN may be the main risk factor for lung neoplasms in Asians (SMD=1.76, 95% CI: 1.24–2.29, P<0.001), but not in Caucasians (P=0.072). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis indicated that serum OPN levels were generally elevated in lung neoplasm patients, and thus, serum levels of OPN may be useful in diagnosing lung neoplasm in certain population groups.

The association between osteopontin and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 13 cohorts

In the last decade, osteopontin (OPN) was identified as one of the important proteins that promote the metastasis of tumor. However, the association between OPN overexpression and clinical outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of OPN in NSCLC patients. A total of 13 studies are included to explore the relationship between the OPN elevation and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in NSCLC patients. We searched for related articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases, which were published before January 31, 2015. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the high OPN expression group compared with the low OPN expression group were calculated and analyzed. Primary results were summarized by using a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model. The stratified analyses in subgroups were also performed. Thirteen cohort studies, which involved 1,630 patients, were included. Subgroup analyses were performed by area and test method of OPN. We found that OPN was significantly associated with poor OS (HR =2.20, 95% CI 1.71–2.83, P<0.001) and DFS (HR =2.11, 95% CI 1.62–2.74, P<0.001) in NSCLC patients. OPN overexpression tended to be associated with the presence of advanced tumor TNM stage (III and IV) (OR =2.57, 95% CI 1.61–4.11, P<0.001). The Egger’s test suggested that there was no publication bias in OS studies (P=0.062) and DFS studies (P=0.740). These data indicate that OPN seems to have a significant predictive potential in estimating survival in NSCLC.

Overexpression of osteopontin promotes resistance to cisplatin treatment in HCC

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional cytokine involved in cell survival, migration and adhesion. Increasing evidence has elucidated its role in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. However, the role of OPN in chemoresistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been clarified. In the present study, we examined the expression of OPN in human HCC samples before and after cisplatin-treatment, the results showed that OPN was significantly increased in cisplatin-resistant specimens. We then studied the effect of cisplatin on OPN expression in HCC cells, after exposure to cisplatin, the expression of OPN in HCC cells was elevated compared to control cells. We also found that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was also activated by cisplatin and this effect was induced by the OPN pathway. To study the effect of OPN on chemoresistance, HCC cells were treated with cisplatin along with OPN. Incubation with OPN enchanced the chemoresistance of HCC cells to cisplatin. In contrast, blockage of OPN pathway promoted the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin. Our results suggest that OPN enhanced chemoresistance of cisplatin in HCC cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, blocking the OPN pathway might be a novel way to overcome the disease.

Serum anti-osteopontin autoantibody as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphorylated and glycosylated protein, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), OPN is being investigated either as a therapeutic target gene or as a biomarker for diagnosis. Yet, the role of the anti-OPN autoantibody in HCC remains unclear. In the present study, the level of serum anti-OPN autoantibody in HCC was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed to analyze protein expression profiles and the prognostic significance of OPN in HCC. In this study, the prevalence and titer of anti-OPN autoantibodies in HCC were significantly higher than these values in normal human serum (NHS) (P=0.001, P=0.000, respectively). When both α-fetoprotein and the autoantibody against OPN were used simultaneously as diagnostic biomarkers, the sensitivity was up to 65%. In IHC, 59 of the 83 (65.6%) HCC specimens expressed OPN with cytoplasmic positive staining. The overall survival (OS) of HCC patients with OPN-positive tumors was 28.81 months compared to 39.37 months for HCC patients with OPN-negative tumors (P<0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that OPN overexpression was the strongest independent adverse prognostic factor for OS (P=0.02). Taken together, our data indicate that the anti-OPN autoantibody may be a supplementary serological biomarker for HCC, and is correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.

The prognostic value of osteopontin expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis

To investigate the association of Osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumor tissue with clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Publications assessing the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of OPN in expression NSCLC were identified up to March 2014. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using standard statistical methods to clarify the association between OPN expression and these clinical parameters. A total of eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, and included 1536 cases of NSCLC tumor tissue and 340 cases of normal lung tissue. The OPN expression rate in NSCLC tissue was higher than normal tissue [Odds ratio (OR) 6.427; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.689-8.808; P = 0.000]. Simultaneously, we also found that OPN expression was positively associated with stage (OR 0.332; 95% CI 0.250-0.440; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR 3.094; 95% CI 2.295-4.172; P = 0.000), tumor size (tumor size <3 cm vs. ≥3 cm; OR 0.484; 95% CI 0.303-0.773; P = 0.002) and pathology (OR 0.611; 95% CI 0.466-0.800; P = 0.000). It was unrelated that OPN expression in NSCLC tissue with and degree of differentiation and other clinical features (P > 0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, OPN plays a crucial role in the development of NSCLC.