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Sun Q, Du J, Dong J, Pan S, Jin H, Han X, Zhang J. Systematic Investigation of the Multifaceted Role of SOX11 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246103. [PMID: 36551589 PMCID: PMC9776339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), as a member of the SOX family, is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of specific biological processes and has recently been found to be a prognostic marker for certain cancers. However, the roles of SOX11 in cancer remain controversial. Our study aimed to explore the various aspects of SOX11 in pan-cancer. The expression of SOX11 was investigated by the Genotype Tissue-Expression (GTEX) dataset and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The protein level of SOX11 in tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues was verified by human pan-cancer tissue microarray. Additionally, we used TCGA pan-cancer data to analyze the correlations among SOX11 expression and survival outcomes, clinical features, stemness, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), mismatch repair (MMR) related genes and the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the cBioPortal database was applied to investigate the gene alterations of SOX11. The main biological processes of SOX11 in cancers were analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). As a result, aberrant expression of SOX11 has been implicated in 27 kinds of cancer types. Aberrant SOX11 expression was closely associated with survival outcomes, stage, tumor recurrence, MSI, TMB and MMR-related genes. In addition, the most frequent alteration of the SOX11 genome was mutation. Our study also showed the correlations of SOX11 with the level of immune infiltration in various cancers. In summary, our findings underline the multifaceted role and prognostic value of SOX11 in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shuaikang Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.Z.)
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2
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Proteomics-Based Identification of Dysregulated Proteins in Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040035. [PMID: 36278695 PMCID: PMC9590004 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used as a morphology-based assay for in situ analysis of target proteins as specific tumor antigens. However, as a very heterogeneous collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) requires an accurate identification and characterization of larger panels of candidate biomarkers, beyond ER, PR, and HER2 proteins, for diagnosis and personalized treatment, without the limited availability of antibodies that are required to identify specific proteins. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches complement traditional histopathological tissue analysis to examine expression, modification, and interaction of hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously. In this review, we discuss the proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins in BC that are essential for the following issues: discovery and validation of new biomarkers by analysis of solid and liquid/non-invasive biopsies, cell lines, organoids and xenograft models; identification of panels of biomarkers for early detection and accurate discrimination between cancer, benign and normal tissues; identification of subtype-specific and stage-specific protein expression profiles in BC grading and measurement of disease progression; characterization of new subtypes of BC; characterization and quantitation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPI) involved in tumor development; characterization of the global remodeling of BC tissue homeostasis, diagnosis and prognostic information; and deciphering of molecular functions, biological processes and mechanisms through which the dysregulated proteins cause tumor initiation, invasion, and treatment resistance.
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3
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Wang J, Wang Z, Lin W, Han Q, Yan H, Yao W, Dong R, Jia D, Dong K, Li K. LINC01296 promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis via the NCL-SOX11 regulatory complex. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:834-848. [PMID: 35317520 PMCID: PMC8917274 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Long non-coding RNA LINC01296 has been shown to predict the invasiveness and poor outcomes of patients with NB. Our study validated its prognostic value and investigated the biological function and potential mechanism of LINC01296 regulating NB. Results illuminated that LINC01296 expression was significantly correlated with unfavorable prognosis and malignant clinical features according to the public NB database. We identified that silencing LINC01296 repressed NB cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, LINC01296 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The opposite results were observed through the dCas9 Synergistic Activation Mediator System (dCas9/SAM) activating LINC01296. Mechanistically, we revealed that LINC01296 could directly bind to nucleolin (NCL), forming a complex that activated SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) gene transcription and accelerated tumor progression. In conclusion, our findings uncover a crucial role of the LINC01296-NCL-SOX11 complex in NB tumorigenesis and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zuopeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Qilei Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hanlei Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Deshui Jia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Biology, Department of Urology, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
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4
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Ghafarpour V, Khansari M, Banaei-Moghaddam AM, Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A. DNA methylation association with stage progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104473. [PMID: 34034219 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, which accounts for approximately 6% of all cases and is responsible for an estimated 2% of all cancer deaths. Despite progress in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas, survival rates remain low. It is a fact that epigenetic modifications have numerous associations with biological processes and complex diseases such as cancer. Hence, a more systematic approach is needed to provide potential screening targets and have an effective therapy method. This study developed a workflow to analyze HM450 methylation arrays with mRNA expression profiles that identified novel signatures of epigenetic regulators for tumor progression. We identified differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions and the correlation between associated genes to identify epigenetic modifications underlying regulation roles. We have taken the differentiation direction of expressions into account during the integration of gene expression and DNA methylation modification to detect epigenetic regulators of core genes of tumor-stage progression. Enrichment analysis of selected key genes provides better insight into their functionality. Thus, we have investigated gene copy number alteration and mutations to filter differentially expressed genes, including some members of the fibroblast growth factor family and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family with other potential known regulators. Our analysis has revealed the list of 61 commercial methylation probes positively correlated with 31 differentially expressed genes, which can be associated with HNSC metastasis stages. Most of these genes have already reported potential epigenetic regulators, and their role in cancer progression was studied. We suggest these selected probes of DNA methylation as potential targets of the epigenetic regulators in revealed genes that have displayed significant genetic and epigenetic modification behavior during cancer stage progression and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghafarpour
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khansari
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali M Banaei-Moghaddam
- Laboratory of Genomics and Epigenomics (LGE), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. http://lbb.ut.ac.ir/
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5
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MiR-211 determines brain metastasis specificity through SOX11/NGN2 axis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:1737-1751. [PMID: 33536579 PMCID: PMC7932919 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brian metastasis, which is diagnosed in 30% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with metastasis, causes poor survival outcomes. Growing evidence has characterized miRNAs involving in breast cancer brain metastasis; however, currently, there is a lack of prognostic plasma-based indicator for brain metastasis. In this study, high level of miR-211 can act as brain metastatic prognostic marker in vivo. High miR-211 drives early and specific brain colonization through enhancing trans-blood-brain barrier (BBB) migration, BBB adherence, and stemness properties of tumor cells and causes poor survival in vivo. SOX11 and NGN2 are the downstream targets of miR-211 and negatively regulate miR-211-mediated TNBC brain metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, high miR-211 is correlated with poor survival and brain metastasis in TNBC patients. Our findings suggest that miR-211 may be used as an indicator for TNBC brain metastasis.
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Yang Z, Jiang S, Lu C, Ji T, Yang W, Li T, Lv J, Hu W, Yang Y, Jin Z. SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853449. [PMID: 31210798 PMCID: PMC6547177 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11
(SOX11) is an essential member of the SOX transcription factors and has been
highlighted as an important regulator in embryogenesis. SOX11 studies have only
recently shifted focus from its role in embryogenesis and development to its
function in disease. In particular, the role of SOX11 in carcinogenesis has
become of major interest in the field. SOX11 expression is elevated in a wide
variety of tumors. In many cancers, dysfunctional expression of SOX11 has been
correlated with increased cancer cell survival, inhibited cell differentiation,
and tumor progression through the induction of metastasis and angiogenesis.
Nevertheless, in a limited number of malignancies, SOX11 has also been
identified to function as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we review the correlation
between the expression of SOX11 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the
mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOX11 expression and activity in
pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes
of cancer targeted by SOX11 and discuss whether SOX11 is protective or
detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, SOX11 is highlighted as a
clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various human cancer. The
information reviewed here should assist in future experimental designs and
emphasize the potential of SOX11 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Phillips L, Gill AJ, Baxter RC. Novel Prognostic Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Discovered by MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Front Oncol 2019; 9:379. [PMID: 31139569 PMCID: PMC6527753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no widely-accepted prognostic markers currently available to predict outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and no targeted therapies with confirmed benefit. We have used MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of tryptic peptides to compare regions of cancer and benign tissue in 10 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of TNBC tumors. Proteins were identified by reference to a peptide library constructed by LC-MALDI-MS/MS analyses of the same tissues. The prognostic significance of proteins that distinguished between cancer and benign regions was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis of their gene expression from public databases. Among peptides that distinguished between cancer and benign tissue in at least 3 tissues with a ROC area under the curve >0.7, 14 represented proteins identified from the reference library, including proteins not previously associated with breast cancer. Initial network analysis using the STRING database showed no obvious functional relationships except among collagen subunits COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL63A, but manual curation, including the addition of EGFR to the analysis, revealed a unique network connecting 10 of the 14 proteins. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to examine the relationship between tumor expression of genes encoding the 14 proteins, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with basal-like TNBC showed that, compared to low expression, high expression of nine of the genes was associated with significantly worse RFS, most with hazard ratios >2. In contrast, in estrogen receptor-positive tumors, high expression of these genes showed only low, or no, association with worse RFS. These proteins are proposed as putative markers of RFS in TNBC, and some may also be considered as possible targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Phillips
- Hormones and Cancer Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert C Baxter
- Hormones and Cancer Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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8
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Shan T, Uyar DS, Wang LS, Mutch DG, Huang THM, Rader JS, Sheng X, Huang YW. SOX11 hypermethylation as a tumor biomarker in endometrial cancer. Biochimie 2019; 162:8-14. [PMID: 30935961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that SOX4 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer and that it partially contributes to hypermethylation of miR-129-2 and miR-203. The current study seeks to identify methylation and expression levels of the SOX gene family in endometrial carcinomas. Methylation levels of the 16 SOX gene family members were measured by combining bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), MassARRAY, and pyrosequencing assays of cell lines and endometrial cancer samples. Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. The methylation level of the SOX11 locus was correlated with clinicopathologic factors in primary endometrial tumors and in TCGA endometrial cohort. It was also examined in DNA of serum and endometrial specimens from a longitudinal cohort of early stage endometrial cancer patients. COBRA assays indicated that hypermethylation of SOX1, SOX2, SOX11, SOX14, SOX15, SOX17, and SOX18 was present in endometrial cancer cell lines and not in the normal control. SOX11 expression was reactivated only by a DNA methylation inhibitor. Moreover, aberrant DNA methylation of SOX11 was detected in the majority of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (n=114) and none of the 22 adjacent normal endometrial samples (P<0.0001). The methylation status of SOX11 associated significantly with microsatellite instability and MLH1 methylation in endometrial tumors (P<0.0001), and this finding was validated in TCGA endometrial cohort. Furthermore, SOX11 was not hypermethylated in serum DNA from early stage endometrial cancer patients. This study found that hypermethylation of SOX11 is common in endometrial carcinomas and strongly associates with microsatellite instability and MLH1 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Denise S Uyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China; National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518116, China.
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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9
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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The SOX11 transcription factor is a critical regulator of basal-like breast cancer growth, invasion, and basal-like gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13106-21. [PMID: 26894864 PMCID: PMC4914345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are aggressive breast cancers associated with poor survival. Defining the key drivers of BLBC growth will allow identification of molecules for targeted therapy. In this study, we performed a primary screen integrating multiple assays that compare transcription factor expression and activity in BLBC and non-BLBC at the RNA, DNA, and protein levels. This integrated screen identified 33 transcription factors that were elevated in BLBC in multiple assays comparing mRNA expression, DNA cis-element sequences, or protein DNA-binding activity. In a secondary screen to identify transcription factors critical for BLBC cell growth, 8 of the 33 candidate transcription factors (TFs) were found to be necessary for growth in at least two of three BLBC cell lines. Of these 8 transcription factors, SOX11 was the only transcription factor required for BLBC growth, but not for growth of non-BLBC cells. Our studies demonstrate that SOX11 is a critical regulator of multiple BLBC phenotypes, including growth, migration, invasion, and expression of signature BLBC genes. High SOX11 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival in women with breast cancer. These results identify SOX11 as a potential target for the treatment of BLBC, the most aggressive form of breast cancer.
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11
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Wästerlid T, Nordström L, Freiburghaus C, Pedersen M, Nørgaard P, Gang AO, Brown P, Dictor M, Jerkeman M, Ek S. Frequency and clinical implications of SOX11 expression in Burkitt lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1760-1763. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1258701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Wästerlid
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Nordström
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catja Freiburghaus
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mette Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Nørgaard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne O. Gang
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Brown
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Dictor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Gene expression profiling of breast cancer in Lebanese women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36639. [PMID: 27857161 PMCID: PMC5114572 DOI: 10.1038/srep36639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonest cancer in women worldwide. Elucidation of underlying biology and molecular pathways is necessary for improving therapeutic options and clinical outcomes. Molecular alterations in breast cancer are complex and involve cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to extract a unique mRNA fingerprint of breast cancer in Lebanese women using microarray technologies. Gene-expression profiles of 94 fresh breast tissue samples (84 cancerous/10 non-tumor adjacent samples) were analyzed using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate candidate genes. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and non-tumor tissues were screened. Significant differences in gene expression were established for COL11A1/COL10A1/MMP1/COL6A6/DLK1/S100P/CXCL11/SOX11/LEP/ADIPOQ/OXTR/FOSL1/ACSBG1 and C21orf37. Pathways/diseases representing these genes were retrieved and linked using PANTHER®/Pathway Studio®. Many of the deregulated genes are associated with extracellular matrix, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, differentiation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Characteristics of breast cancers in Lebanese were compared to those of women from Western populations to explain why breast cancer is more aggressive and presents a decade earlier in Lebanese victims. Delineating molecular mechanisms of breast cancer in Lebanese women led to key genes which could serve as potential biomarkers and/or novel drug targets for breast cancer.
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13
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Zhou Y, Tian L, Zhang YC, Guo BF, Zhou QW. Apoptotic effects of psiRNA-STAT3 on 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6977-82. [PMID: 25169471 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Lipofectamine2000 (Life2000) Transfection Reagent transfected psiRNA-STAT3 plasmid on 4T1 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT was used to detect the cell proliferation of breast cancer 4T1 cells at different periods (0h, 6h, 8h, 10h); the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry; variation of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential was observed under a fluorescence microscope; immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of caspase-3 and cyclin-D1 protein. RESULTS An obvious effect of inhibition to 4T1 cancer cells could be observed at 8h after the psiRNA-STAT3 was transfected. Typical alterations of apoptotic morphological features were visible in the psiRNA-STAT3 treatment group. Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly, the number of cells was increased in G0/G1 phase, and the number of cells was decreased in S phase, and the data were statistically significant (p<0.05), compared with the Scramble and Mock groups. Expression of caspase-3 protein was increased significantly, while that of cyclin D1 was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Life2000 transfected psiRNA-STAT3 plasmid can inhibit 4T1 tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis of 4T1 tumor cells, which process depends on the regulation of expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, 2Department of Breast Surgery , The Second Clinical Hospital, 3Department of Plastic Surgery, the China- Japan Union Hospital, 4Department of Biology and Medical Engineering, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China E-mail : ,
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