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Lawson JS, Glenn WK. The viral origins of breast cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:39. [PMID: 39187871 PMCID: PMC11346025 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades evidence has been developed that indicates a handful of viruses with known oncogenic capacity, have potential roles in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV - the cause of breast cancer in mice), high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV-the cause of cervical cancer), Epstein Barr virus (EBV-the cause of lymphomas and naso-pharyngeal cancer) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV - the cause of cancers in cattle). These viruses may act alone or in combination. Each of these viruses are significantly more prevalent in breast cancers than in normal and benign breast tissue controls. The odds ratios for the prevalence of these viruses in breast cancer compared to normal and benign breast controls, are based on case control studies - MMTV 13·40, HPV 5.56, EBV 4·43 and BLV 2·57. The odds ratios for MMTV are much greater compared to the other three viruses. The evidence for a causal role for mouse mammary tumour virus and high risk for cancer human papilloma viruses in human breast cancer is increasingly comprehensive. The evidence for Epstein Barr virus and bovine leukemia virus is more limited. Overall the evidence is substantial in support of a viral cause of breast cancer.
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Karachalios C, Petousis S, Margioula-Siarkou C, Dinas K. Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:75. [PMID: 38192655 PMCID: PMC10773228 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and BC is debatable. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV DNA in malignant breast tumors. An extensive search of the PubMed and SCOPUS databases was carried out for case-control studies published between January 1, 2003 and January 7, 2023, which compared HPV DNA detection in breast tissue specimens of female patients with BC and women with absent or benign breast disorders. Once the initial title/abstract screening was completed by two independent investigators, the full texts of the included studies from that stage were reviewed by the aforementioned investigators to determine if they should be included in the present study. Data extraction was independently conducted by two investigators. A third investigator was consulted to resolve disagreements through free discussion. MedCalc was used for quantitative synthesis. The significance of association was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using the random-effects model. A total of 23 primary studies, including 3,243 subjects (2,027 patients and 1,216 controls), were eligible for quantitative analysis. HPV prevalence in patients with BC and controls was 21.95 and 8.96%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV differed significantly between the two groups (OR 3.83; 95% CI 2.03-7.25; P<0.01). Heterogeneity among studies was quantified using the I2 index which was 69.57% (95% CI 51.89-80.75). The risk of bias was assessed using an appropriate tool contributed by the CLARITY Group at McMaster University. Seven studies had a low risk of bias, 15 studies had a moderate risk of bias and only one study had a serious risk of bias. These results reinforce the hypothesis that HPV is involved in BC development and progression, indicating a possible role of HPV vaccination in BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Karachalios
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- Second Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54624, Greece
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Parsamand T, Zarani F, Panaghi L, Kwok C. Conceptualization of Breast Cancer and Attitudes toward Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study on Iranian and Australian Women. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:34-43. [PMID: 37982678 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2283866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular screening can lead to early diagnosis of breast cancer. Australia is one of the countries with a high rate of participation in breast cancer screening, while in Iran, most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. This qualitative study used a thematic analysis method to examine the attitudes and beliefs of Iranian and Australian women toward breast cancer and breast cancer screening. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Iranian and seven Australian women. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis with an inferential approach. RESULTS According to the results, four main themes were extracted for the perceptions of breast cancer, including "the meaning of breast cancer", "causes of breast cancer", "prevention of breast cancer" and "effects of significant people in life". Considering the perceptions of breast cancer screening, three themes were identified, including "beliefs about breast cancer screening," "sources of information about breast cancer screening," and "barriers to breast cancer screening." CONCLUSION Cultural and social factors influence women's perceptions of breast cancer and screening. Therefore, investigating the cultural meaning of breast cancer and breast cancer screening for women can be useful for screening and prevention purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Parsamand
- Ph.D. Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Ph.D. Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Panaghi
- Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cannas Kwok
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Awan UA, Khattak AA, Ahmed N, Guo X, Akhtar S, Kamran S, Yongjing Z, Liu J, Khan S. An updated systemic review and meta-analysis on human papillomavirus in breast carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219161. [PMID: 37711194 PMCID: PMC10498127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast Cancer (BC) stands out as the widely prevalent malignancy among all the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. There is significant evidence that the pathogenicity of BC may be altered by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection; however, conclusive data are not yet available. Methods By searching five databases, including EMBASE, IBECS, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, a thorough systematic analysis was conducted on the prevalence of HPV in BC patients from 1990 to June 30, 2022. After applying extensive eligibility criteria, we selected 74 publications for further analysis based on the prevalence of HPV infections in breast tissues. All of the data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, Cochran Q test and I2 statistic were used to calculate the heterogeneity of the prevalence among these studies using subgroup analysis. Variations in the HPV prevalence estimates in different subgroups were evaluated by subgroup meta-analysis. Results In total, 3156 studies were initially screened, resulting in 93 full-text studies reviewed, with 74 meeting inclusion criteria. Among a total of 7156 BC biopsies, the pool prevalence of HPV was 25.6% (95% CI= 0.24-0.33, τ2 = 0.0369 with significant heterogeneity between estimates (I 2 = 97% and p< 0.01). Consequently, 45 studies with available controls were further studied, and the prevalence of HPV in case-control studies was 26.2% with overall odds 5.55 (95% CI= 3.67-8.41, I 2 = 38%, τ2 = 1.4878, p< 0.01). Further subgroup analysis of HPV revealed HPV-16 had a maximum prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI= 3.06-11.86, I 2 = 0%, τ2 = 0.6111, p< 0.01). Among different geographical regions, Europe reported the maximum prevalence of HPV, i.e., 39.2% (95% CI=1.29-7.91, I 2 = 18%, τ2 = 1.2911, p< 0.01). Overall distribution showed HPV-18 was a frequent HPV subtype reported in Australia. Conclusion Current study provides a global estimate of HPV prevalence in BC patients and demonstrates a significant association between this virus and BC etiology. Nevertheless, we recommend further investigation into the underlying mechanism is essential to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ayub Awan
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Khattak
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Noman Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shehrish Kamran
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zhao Yongjing
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Mareti E, Vavoulidis E, Papanastasiou A, Maretis T, Tsampazis N, Margioula-Siarkou C, Chatzinikolaou F, Giasari S, Nasioutziki M, Daniilidis A, Zepiridis L, Dinas K. Evaluating the potential role of human papilloma virus infection in breast carcinogenesis via real-time polymerase chain reaction analyzes of breast fine needle aspiration samples from Greek patients. Diagn Cytopathol 2023. [PMID: 36939123 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV), in addition to its known clinical contribution to cervical cancer is probably actively involved in the development of breast tumors in various populations worldwide. Predominant HPV types in breast cancer patients vary geographically. The present study further examines HPV incidence in Greece, based on molecular analysis of clinical cytological samples. METHODS Greek patient fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples were examined using RT-PCR and immunohistological staining. FNA biopsy samples were collected from 114 female patients, diagnosed between the years 2018 and 2021, 57 with C5 diagnosed breast cancer lesions and 57 diagnosed with benign diseases. RESULTS A total of three different HPV types were identified within the patient sample. HPV-39 was found only in the control group, in 1.8% of patients, while HPV-59 was present in both control and study groups in 1.8% and 3.5% respectively. HPV-16, on the other hand, was present only in the study group in 12.3% of cases. HPV type presence was statistically differentiated between histological groups. HPV-16 was exclusively in IDC, HPV-39 was present in one cyst diagnosed sample and HPV-59 was present in 3 samples that included fibroadenoma, IDC and LN diagnosis. CONCLUSION More international comparative studies are required to investigate population differences and HPV genotype distribution to offer definite answers to the effect that certain HPV types might have a role in breast cancer, as this study also supports, albeit in a cofactory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Mareti
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Papanastasiou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Maretis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsampazis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotios Chatzinikolaou
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Giasari
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Nasioutziki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Zepiridis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Maldonado-Rodríguez E, Hernández-Barrales M, Reyes-López A, Godina-González S, Gallegos-Flores PI, Esparza-Ibarra EL, González-Curiel IE, Aguayo-Rojas J, López-Saucedo A, Mendoza-Almanza G, Ayala-Luján JL. Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3648-3665. [PMID: 36005146 PMCID: PMC9406622 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with this disease’s development. Various research groups worldwide have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in samples of malignant breast tumors. Although its role in mammary carcinogenesis is not fully understood, it is known that the HPV genome, once inserted into host cells, has oncogenic capabilities. The present study aimed to detect the presence of HPV DNA in 116 breast tissue biopsies and classify them according to their histology. It was found that 50.9% of the breast biopsies analyzed were malignant neoplasms, of which 74.6% were histologically classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma. In biopsies with non-malignant breast disease, fibroadenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (39.1%). Detection of HPV DNA was performed through nested PCR using the external primer MY09/11 and the internal primer GP5+/6+. A hybridization assay genotyped HPV. HPV DNA was identified in 20.3% (12/59) of malignant neoplasms and 35% non-malignant breast disease (16/46). It was also detected in 27.3% (3/11) of breast tissue biopsies without alteration. However, there are no statistically significant differences between these groups and the existence of HPV DNA (p = 0.2521). Its presence was more frequent in non-malignant alterations than in malignant neoplasias. The most frequent genotypes in the HPV-positive samples were low-risk (LR) HPV-42 followed by high-risk (HR) HPV-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Maldonado-Rodríguez
- Master in Science and Chemical Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | | | - Adrián Reyes-López
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Susana Godina-González
- Master in Science and Chemical Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Perla I. Gallegos-Flores
- Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico
| | - Edgar L. Esparza-Ibarra
- Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico
| | - Irma E. González-Curiel
- Master in Science and Chemical Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Jesús Aguayo-Rojas
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Adrián López-Saucedo
- Health Sciences Area, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- National Council of Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.M.-A.); (J.L.A.-L.)
| | - Jorge L. Ayala-Luján
- Master in Science and Chemical Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.M.-A.); (J.L.A.-L.)
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Usman M, Hameed Y, Ahmad M, Jalil Ur Rehman, Ahmed H, Hussain MS, Asif R, Murtaza MG, Jawad MT, Iqbal MJ. Breast Cancer Risk and Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Bradford Hill Criteria Based Evaluation. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e200122200389. [PMID: 35048811 DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220120105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and human breast cancer (BC) has already been thoroughly studied worldwide with contradictory findings. Although the researchers have tried to minimize the conflict using statistical meta-analysis, because of its shortcomings, there is still a need to evaluate the correlation between HPV and BC using any additional method. OBJECTIVES This study was launched to investigate the correlation between HPV and BC through the application of Bradford Hill criteria postulates. METHODS Population-wide studies associating HPV with BC were searched using the PubMed database. Then, the information of HPV burden in BC, normal/benign samples was analyzed, and ultimately Bradford Hill criteria postulates were applied on the collected evidence to explore the relationship between HPV and BC. In addition, to make the outcomes more authentic, we also reviewed the methodologies of previous studies to address the propensity of false results. RESULTS After a careful evaluation of the obtained data against major Bradford Hill criteria postulates, it was noted that all these postulates including strength, consistency, biological gradient, temporality, plausibility, experiment, specificity, and analogy were not fulfilled. CONCLUSION The results of the present study have failed to establish a casual association between HPV and BC rather suggested HPV as a cause-effective agent or at least a co-participant in the pathogenesis of BC. The weakness of association especially the low level of consistency across studies, and the lack of specificity of effect, there is a need for more experiments concerning Bradford Hill criteria postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ahmed
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Asif
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Evidence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Esophageal Cancer in East Azerbaijan Province, Northwest of Iran. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:1099477. [PMID: 35035645 PMCID: PMC8759902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1099477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most important viral agents associated with several classes of cancers in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate HPV in esophageal cancer in the East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Methods 140 paraffin-embedded specimens of esophageal tissues were investigated using nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) with primer designing for the L1 region of HPV genome. According to the pathological diagnosis, the samples were divided into two groups: 70 patients with esophageal cancer EADC (n = 35) and ESCC (n = 35) as the case group and those without tumour in esophagus tissue as a control (n = 70). Results HPV DNA was isolated from 20 (28.57%) of the 70 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of esophagus cancer. Of these, 6 cases (17.14%) of EADC and 14 cases (40%) of ESCC were positive. In contrast, all cases of the control group were negative for the HPV genome. Sequence analysis revealed that HPV types 16 and 18 are the most frequent ones identified in this study. Conclusion The prevalence of HPV in esophageal cancer can vary depending on the geographical location and other factors. Based on the findings of this study, HPV infection may possibly have contributed to an increased risk of esophageal cancer in a group of patients in Tabriz.
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Association of Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections with Esophageal Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Given the fact that viral infections play an important role, either directly or indirectly, in around 20 percent of human cancers, this study aimed at investigating the potential association of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in esophageal cancer that is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 200 paraffin-embedded biopsies of cancerous and benign esophageal tissues were gathered from the biopsy bank of Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran in 2017. All samples were first deparaffinized, and then subjected to commercial DNA extraction. The quality of extracted DNA was evaluated by amplification of the beta globulin gene. Identification of EBV and CMV DNA was performed using primers designed for the EBER region of EBV and the immediate early (IE) region of the CMV genome, respectively. Results: The mean age of the subjects in the test and control groups was 52.2 (17.1) and 59.9 (18.9), respectively. The distribution of gender (male/female) in patient and control groups was 54/46 and 53/47, respectively. Our results showed that the frequency of EBV (P < 0.001) and CMV (P < 0.001) in cancerous samples was statistically higher than control group. Moreover, in the cancerous group the rate of EBV was significantly higher in the esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) sample (12 out of 70) than esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) (0 out of 30) (P = 0.016) but, in the ESCC group, 17 out of 30 subjects were positive for CMV which was significantly higher in comparison with EAC patients (1 out of 70) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Findings indicated that EBV and CMV might be contributed to the pathogenesis of EAC and ESCC types of esophageal carcinoma, respectively, although further studies are warranted.
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Golrokh Mofrad M, Sadigh ZA, Ainechi S, Faghihloo E. Detection of human papillomavirus genotypes, herpes simplex, varicella zoster and cytomegalovirus in breast cancer patients. Virol J 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 33482849 PMCID: PMC7821692 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of viruses as a cause of breast cancer (BC) has been significantly investigated in recent years. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in invasive breast carcinomas, while most studies have only focused on the detection of viral DNA, we aimed to examine the prevalence and genotypes of HPV among Iranian BC patients. We also examined the presence of herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in these samples. METHODS We collected and analyzed 70 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) blocks including 59 BC samples, and 11 benign breast lesions as control from Iranian patients using nested PCR. Real-time PCR utilized as a confirming test to nested PCR findings. Genotyping of HPV positive samples was performed, the samples were also subjected to a multiplex PCR to detect HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV in BC. RESULTS Papillomavirus DNA was present in 7 of 59 BC samples (11.8%); while none was detected in control samples. The most prevalent type was HPV18, followed by HPV 6. All HPV positive patients had high tumor grades (II/ III) with a histologic diagnosis of ductal carcinoma. The patient age range was 33 to 73 years with a median of 51 years. Most of HPV positive patients had low levels of education. HPV16 was not detected. Also, 5 of 59 BC specimens (8.47%), were positive for HSV-1. But none of the samples were positive for HSV-2, VZV, and CMV. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a carcinogenesis role for High-risk HPV (HPV18) in breast tumors. Our findings of HSV-1 and low-risk HPV (HPV6) in BCs may propose a cancer-causing role for them. Further large-scale studies are warranted to assess the significance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Golrokh Mofrad
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Azita Sadigh
- Human Viral Vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ainechi
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Gupta I, Jabeen A, Al-Sarraf R, Farghaly H, Vranic S, Sultan AA, Al Moustafa AE, Al-Thawadi H. The co-presence of high-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus is linked with tumor grade and stage in Qatari women with breast cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:982-989. [PMID: 33006291 PMCID: PMC8018460 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1802977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) can be present and cooperate with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) to promote the onset and/or progression of various cancers including cervical, breast, head and neck as well as colorectal. In this investigation, we explored the co-prevalence of high-risk HPV and EBV in 74 breast cancer tissues from Qatari women using polymerase chain reaction. We found that high-risk HPV and EBV are present in 48/74 (65%) and 36/74 (49%) of the cases, respectively. While we noted that the presence of HPV presence is associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p = .008), however, the presence of EBV did not correlate with any breast cancer subgroup. Moreover, our data revealed that high-risk HPV and EBV are co-present in 35/74 (47%) of the samples and their co-presence is significantly associated with tumor grade (p = .04) and tumor stage (p = .04). These data indicate that HPV and EBV are commonly co-present in breast cancer and their association could be linked with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Thus, further investigations are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of HPV and EBV cooperation in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Al-Sarraf
- Department of Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Farghaly
- Department of Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Islam MS, Chakraborty B, Panda CK. Human papilloma virus (HPV) profiles in breast cancer: future management. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:650. [PMID: 32566587 PMCID: PMC7290605 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is frequent among women in worldwide as well as in India. Several studies have reported a wide variation (1.6–86.2%) in the frequency of incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in BC with high prevalence of high risk HPV16 subtype. HPV infection in breast can occur through different routes like body fluid or by micro-lesion of breast skin from genital/agential sites, though the actual mode of HPV transmission is not yet known in details. Frequent integration and sequence variation with low copy number of HPV16 were seen in this tumour. In addition, high frequencies of methylation in p97 promoter region of HPV16 were evident in this tumour. Novel splice variants of E6/E7 along with other common variants and their protein expression were seen in the tumour. This indicates the importance of HPV in this tumor, its early diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, HPV may be targeted through vaccination to control the disease. However, detailed analysis of HPV associated molecular pathogenesis of BC is warranted for proper therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saimul Islam
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Balarko Chakraborty
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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13
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Sher G, Salman NA, Kulinski M, Fadel RA, Gupta VK, Anand A, Gehani S, Abayazeed S, Al-Yahri O, Shahid F, Alshaibani S, Hassan S, Chawdhery MZ, Davies G, Dermime S, Uddin S, Ashrafi GH, Junejo K. Prevalence and Type Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Breast Cancer: A Qatar Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061528. [PMID: 32532107 PMCID: PMC7352582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of human cancers. Studies investigating the presence of high-risk (HR) HPV in breast tissue have generated considerable controversy over its role as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC). This is the first investigation reporting the prevalence and type distribution of high-risk HPV infection in breast tissue in the population of Qatar. A prospective comparison blind research study herein reconnoitered the presence of twelve HR-HPV types' DNA using multiplex PCR by screening a total of 150 fresh breast tissue specimens. Data obtained shows that HR-HPV types were found in 10% of subjects with breast cancer; of which the presence of HPV was confirmed in 4/33 (12.12%) of invasive carcinomas. These findings, the first reported from the population of Qatar, suggest that the selective presence of HPV in breast tissue is likely to be a related factor in the progression of certain cases of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (G.S.); (M.K.); (V.K.G.); (S.U.)
| | - Nadia Aziz Salman
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (G.S.); (M.K.); (V.K.G.); (S.U.)
| | - Rayyan Abdulaziz Fadel
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Vinod Kumar Gupta
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (G.S.); (M.K.); (V.K.G.); (S.U.)
| | - Ambika Anand
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Salahddin Gehani
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Sheraz Abayazeed
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Omer Al-Yahri
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Fakhar Shahid
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Salman Alshaibani
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Sara Hassan
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
| | | | - Giles Davies
- Breast Surgery Department, BUPA Cromwell Hospital, London SW5 0T, UK;
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (G.S.); (M.K.); (V.K.G.); (S.U.)
| | - G. Hossein Ashrafi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK;
- Correspondence: (G.H.A.); (K.J.); Tel.: +44-2084177358 (G.H.A.); +974-55975625 (K.J.)
| | - Kulsoom Junejo
- Breast Cancer Unit, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (R.A.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (S.A.); (O.A.-Y.); (F.S.); (S.A.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.H.A.); (K.J.); Tel.: +44-2084177358 (G.H.A.); +974-55975625 (K.J.)
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14
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Kazemi Aghdam M, Nadji SA, Alvandimanesh A, Maliheh M, Khademi Y. Absence of Human Papillomavirus in Benign and Malignant Breast Tissue. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 14:279-283. [PMID: 31754356 PMCID: PMC6824765 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2019.89684.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Malignant breast tumors, which are one of the most important deadly cancers in women, like many other cancers, are proposed to be related to viruses etiologically. Proper management of breast carcinoma necessitates an identification of the etiological factors. Human Papillomavirus is considered to have an etiological role in breast carcinoma. We carried out this study to find out if Human Papillomavirus-DNA is present in the malignant and benign breast tissue in our patients. Methods: Seventy-five paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues and 75 normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions were examined in this study (case-control) to look for Human Papillomavirus-DNA employing Nested Polymerase Chain reaction. The tissues were examined over a period of ten years in the pathology department of the Pathobiology Laboratory Center of Tehran. Results: No Human Papillomavirus-DNA was found in any of the malignant or control group specimens. Conclusion: Our results showed no evidence of Human Papillomavirus in cancerous and benign tissues, which is consistent with some other studies in English medical literature. More investigations using more specimens from different parts of the country are required to confirm the presence or absence of any connection between Human Papillomavirus and development of breast carcinoma in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi Aghdam
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Heath, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center (VRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Alvandimanesh
- Department of Pathology, Shafa Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maliheh Maliheh
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Heath, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yassaman Khademi
- Department of Pathology, Pathobiology Laboratory Center, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ren C, Zeng K, Wu C, Mu L, Huang J, Wang M. Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of breast carcinoma: a large-scale systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Gland Surg 2019; 8:486-500. [PMID: 31741879 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma (BC) is a cancer with a high morbidity rate, but the mechanisms by which it develops are never clear. There has been speculation regarding the potential relationships between breast cancer and local HPV infections for some time, and although much clinical research supports this hypothesis, some research results disprove the association. Therefore, the association is still inconclusive. Methods We performed the data collection by searching the database PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science. In addition, 22 sites were added manually. After carefully selection, the pooled odds rate of 37 included case control studies was calculated. Subgroup analysis, publication bias and trim & fill analysis were conducted to make the result more reliable. Results The analysis of 37 case control studies containing 3,607 BC cases and 1,728 controls showed obviously increase of BC risk with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive [summary odds ratio (SOR) =6.22, 95% confidence interval 4.25 to 9.12; P=0.0002]. Subgroup analysis proved three high risk HPV types (HPV16, 18 and 33) were positively correlated to BC. Conclusions This systemic review and meta-analysis provide the evidence for HPV infection as a potential risk factor in BC, while the mechanism of this hypothesis still needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutong Ren
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Chujun Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Lan Mu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jiangsheng Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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16
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Balci FL, Uras C, Feldman SM. Is human papillomavirus associated with breast cancer or papilloma presenting with pathologic nipple discharge? Cancer Treat Res Commun 2019; 19:100122. [PMID: 30785026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2019.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are little data on the presence or interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) in intraductal papilloma or Breast cancer (BC) presenting with pathologic nipple discharge (PND). The study aimed to determine whether the HPV-genotypes are identifiable in papilloma or carcinoma of the breast by real-time PCR with broad-spectrum genotyping. METHODS Formalin-fixed-paraffin-blocks obtained from the patients who were suffering from PND and underwent ductoscopic papilloma extraction (n = 27) or segmental/total mastectomy for cancer diagnosis (n = 18). HPV-DNAs were identified by PCR with broad-spectrum genotyping. Mc Nemar test was used to compare cancer-involved cases to normal-adjacent tissue concerning HPV positivity. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the association for receptor status in HPV positive cancer-involved cases. RESULTS The mean age (±SD) was 49 ± 16 in papilloma and 52 ± 14 in BC patients, respectively. We found high prevalence of HPV in papilloma and carcinoma: 29.6% (n = 8) and 44.4% (n = 8), respectively. The most common type identified in breast lesions was HPV-11, and the others were HPV- 6, -11, -39, and -82. Cancer-involved samples were more contaminated by HPV in comparison to normal-adjacent tissues (p = 0.016). In HPV positive cancer-involved cases, hormone receptors were found to be more positive than HER2-Neu (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HPV might be a causative agent for the development of papilloma and carcinoma of the breast in some cases presenting with PND. HPV positive breast cancers are more likely to be hormone positive. Further studies needed for validation regarding the integration of HPV-DNAs into the human genome that causes BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Levent Balci
- Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Medical Park Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Uras
- Department of General Surgery, Acibadem Research Institute of Senology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sheldon Marc Feldman
- Breast Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Gannon OM, Antonsson A, Bennett IC, Saunders NA. Viral infections and breast cancer - A current perspective. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:182-189. [PMID: 29410005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic human breast cancer is the most common cancer to afflict women. Since the discovery, decades ago, of the oncogenic mouse mammary tumour virus, there has been significant interest in the potential aetiologic role of infectious agents in sporadic human breast cancer. To address this, many studies have examined the presence of viruses (e.g. papillomaviruses, herpes viruses and retroviruses), endogenous retroviruses and more recently, microbes, as a means of implicating them in the aetiology of human breast cancer. Such studies have generated conflicting experimental and clinical reports of the role of infection in breast cancer. This review evaluates the current evidence for a productive oncogenic viral infection in human breast cancer, with a focus on the integration of sensitive and specific next generation sequencing technologies with pathogen discovery. Collectively, the majority of the recent literature using the more powerful next generation sequencing technologies fail to support an oncogenic viral infection being involved in disease causality in breast cancer. In balance, the weight of the current experimental evidence supports the conclusion that viral infection is unlikely to play a significant role in the aetiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Gannon
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Antonsson
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - I C Bennett
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Private Practice, The Wesley and St Andrews Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia
| | - N A Saunders
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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18
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Salman NA, Davies G, Majidy F, Shakir F, Akinrinade H, Perumal D, Ashrafi GH. Association of High Risk Human Papillomavirus and Breast cancer: A UK based Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43591. [PMID: 28240743 PMCID: PMC5378907 DOI: 10.1038/srep43591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been implicated in the aetiology of a variety of cancers. Studies evaluating the presence of HPVs in breast cancer (BC) have generated considerable controversy. To date, most studies have focused on the presence of viral DNA in BC; however there are important gaps in evidencing the role of HPV persistence in the invasiveness of BC. While these studies have been conducted in several countries, none, on the presence and biological activity of high risk (HR) HPV in BC has been done in the UK. Hence, we aimed to investigate these gaps by screening a total of 110 fresh breast tissue specimens from UK patients for the presence of twelve HR-HPV types DNA using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Samples positive for HPV-DNA were screened for viral oncoprotein expression using western blot and dot blot. Data obtained showed the presence of HR-HPVs in 42% of breast tissues of which the viral activity was only confirmed in a number of invasive carcinomas (5/26). This finding, the first to report in the UK, suggests that the selective expression of viral oncoprotein in invasive cases may propose a role for HR-HPVs in the development of some types of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Aziz Salman
- Kingston University London, Cancer theme, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
| | - Giles Davies
- Kingston Hospital- Breast Surgery Department, Kingston upon Thames, KT2 7QB, London, UK
- The new Victoria hospital- Breast Surgery Department, Kingston upon Thames, KT2 7EG, London, UK
| | - Farida Majidy
- Kingston University London, Cancer theme, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
| | - Fatima Shakir
- Kingston University London, Cancer theme, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
| | - Hilda Akinrinade
- Kingston University London, Cancer theme, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
| | - Dhayaneethie Perumal
- Kingston University London, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied Technology, Department of Pharmacy, UAE
| | - G. Hossein Ashrafi
- Kingston University London, Cancer theme, School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, London, UK
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19
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Choi J, Kim C, Lee HS, Choi YJ, Kim HY, Lee J, Chang H, Kim A. Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Korean Breast Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:442-450. [PMID: 27725620 PMCID: PMC5122727 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established oncogenic virus of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancer. Various subtypes of HPV have been detected in 0% to 60% of breast cancers. The roles of HPV in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer remain controversial. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV-positive breast cancer in Korean patients and to evaluate the possibility of carcinogenic effect of HPV on breast. Methods Meta-analysis was performed in 22 case-control studies for HPV infection in breast cancer. A total of 123 breast cancers, nine intraductal papillomas and 13 nipple tissues of patients with proven cervical HPV infection were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect 28 subtypes of HPV. Breast cancers were composed of 106 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples and 17 touch imprint cytology samples of breast cancers. Results The overall odds ratio between breast cancer and HPV infection was 5.43 (95% confidence interval, 3.24 to 9.12) with I<sup>2</sup> = 34.5% in meta-analysis of published studies with case-control setting and it was statistically significant. HPV was detected in 22 cases of breast cancers (17.9%) and two cases of intaductal papillomas (22.2%). However, these cases had weak positivity. Conclusions These results failed to serve as significant evidence to support the relationship between HPV and breast cancer. Further study with larger epidemiologic population is merited to determine the relationship between HPV and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhwan Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Chang
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK, Whitaker NJ. Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer - Assessment of Causality. Front Oncol 2016; 6:207. [PMID: 27747193 PMCID: PMC5040724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may have a causal role in some breast cancers. Case-control studies, conducted in many different countries, consistently indicate that HPVs are more frequently present in breast cancers as compared to benign breast and normal breast controls (odds ratio 4.02). The assessment of causality of HPVs in breast cancer is difficult because (i) the HPV viral load is extremely low, (ii) HPV infections are common but HPV associated breast cancers are uncommon, and (iii) HPV infections may precede the development of breast and other cancers by years or even decades. Further, HPV oncogenesis can be indirect. Despite these difficulties, the emergence of new evidence has made the assessment of HPV causality, in breast cancer, a practical proposition. With one exception, the evidence meets all the conventional criteria for a causal role of HPVs in breast cancer. The exception is "specificity." HPVs are ubiquitous, which is the exact opposite of specificity. An additional reservation is that the prevalence of breast cancer is not increased in immunocompromised patients as is the case with respect to HPV-associated cervical cancer. This indicates that HPVs may have an indirect causal influence in breast cancer. Based on the overall evidence, high-risk HPVs may have a causal role in some breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of BABS, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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21
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Bae JM, Kim EH. Human papillomavirus infection and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:14. [PMID: 26981149 PMCID: PMC4791894 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although systematic reviews (SR) report that human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of breast cancer, there are still disputes regarding this association. In particular, it has been argued that the risk level differs depending on nationality, type of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year. Considering that the searching year of publication for the previous SRs was June 2013, a renewal meta-analysis needs to be conducted. Methods Using articles selected in the previous SRs, we compiled a list of references, cited articles, and related articles from the PubMed and Scopus databases. Of these, only publications with data from case-control studies on HPV DNA-positivity in tissues were chosen. Summary odds ratio (SOR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated through meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was performed for nationality, types of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year. Results Twenty-two case-control studies were selected, and the total number of individuals in the case and control group was 1897 and 948, respectively. According to the meta-analysis about the 22 publications, HPV infection increased the risk of breast cancer (SOR = 4.02, 95 % CI: 2.42–6.68; I-squared = 44.7 %). Statistical significance was not found in meta-regression performed on the four variables of nationality, type of tissue, subtype of HPV, and publication year which some researchers think sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions The results of the present study supported the argument that HPV infection increases the risk of breast cancer. Age-matched case-control studies are in need in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jejudo, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jejudo, South Korea
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22
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Azami-Aghdash S, Ghojazadeh M, Sheyklo SG, Daemi A, Kolahdouzan K, Mohseni M, Moosavi A. Breast Cancer Screening Barriers from the Womans Perspective: a Meta-synthesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3463-71. [PMID: 25921163 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal aim of health service providers in the field of breast cancer is to detect and treat lesions at an appropriate time. Therefore, identification of barriers to screening can be very helpful. The present study aimed to systematically review the qualitative studies for extracting and reporting the barriers of screening for breast cancer from the womans perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this systematic review; Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid Scopus, Cochrane Library, Iranmedex, and SID were searched using the keywords: screening barriers, cancer, qualitative studies, breast and their Persian equivalents, and the needed data were extracted and analyzed using an extraction table. To assess the quality of the studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used. RESULTS From 2,134 related articles that were found, 21 articles were eventually included in the study. The most important barriers from the point of view of 1,084 women were lack of knowledge, access barriers (financial, geographical, cultural), fear (of results and pain), performance of service providers, women's beliefs, procrastination of screening, embarrassment, long wait for getting an appointment, language problems, and previous negative experiences. Articles' assessment score was 68.9. CONCLUSIONS Increasing women's knowledge, reducing the costs of screening services, cultural promotion for screening, presenting less painful methods, changing beliefs of health service providers, provision of privacy for giving service, decreasing the waiting time, and providing high quality services in a respectful manner can be effective ways to increase breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail : dr_ahmad_
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23
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Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Patients with Breast Tumor in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136050. [PMID: 26295705 PMCID: PMC4546417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of HPV in breast tissue and the potential causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and breast cancer (BC) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the HPV prevalence in BC tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues and breast benign disease tissues and to investigate the possible association between HPV and breast tumor development in Chinese women. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 187 pairs of BCs including tumor and normal breast tissue adjacent to tumors and 92 breast benign lesions between June 2009 and July 2014 were investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific PCR, respectively. With strictly quality control, HPV positive infection was detected in three BC tissues. No HPV positive infection was detected in all normal breast tissue adjacent to tumors and benign breast tissues. Through our detailed analysis, rare HPV infection in this study suggests that HPV might not be associated with BC progression.
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