1
|
Pan J, Xie X, Sheng J, Ju C, Sun S, Cui F, Zhai W, Ming L. Construction and identification of lncRNA/circRNA-coregulated ceRNA networks in gemcitabine-resistant bladder carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:847-858. [PMID: 37787763 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the regulatory networks that underlie the development of chemoresistance in bladder cancer. METHODS We analyzed profiles of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNAs) in gemcitabine-resistant/sensitive bladder cancer cells using next-generation sequencing data. RESULTS Hundreds of differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs and thousands of circRNAs and mRNAs were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the chromosomal localizations, classification and coexpression of mRNAs, as well as candidates for cis and trans regulation by lncRNAs. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs indicated important functional roles of coregulated RNAs, thus establishing competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and protein-protein interactions networks that may underlie chemoresistance in bladder cancer. We demonstrated that lncRNA LINP1 can act as a ceRNA by inhibiting miR-193a-5p to increase TP73 expression; and that lncRNA ESRG and hsa_circ_0075881 can simultaneously bind miR-324-3p to increase ST6GAL1 expression. Modulation of ceRNA network components using ablation and overexpression approaches contributed to gemcitabine resistance in bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate mechanisms by which lncRNAs and circRNAs coregulate the development of bladder cancer cell resistance to gemcitabine, thus laying the foundation for future research to identify biomarkers and disease targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xie
- Shaanxi Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinxiu Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chessa TAM, Jung P, Anwar A, Suire S, Anderson KE, Barneda D, Kielkowska A, Sadiq BA, Lai IW, Felisbino S, Turnham DJ, Pearson HB, Phillips WA, Sasaki J, Sasaki T, Oxley D, Spensberger D, Segonds-Pichon A, Wilson M, Walker S, Okkenhaug H, Cosulich S, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR. PLEKHS1 drives PI3Ks and remodels pathway homeostasis in PTEN-null prostate. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2991-3009.e13. [PMID: 37567175 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The PIP3/PI3K network is a central regulator of metabolism and is frequently activated in cancer, commonly by loss of the PIP3/PI(3,4)P2 phosphatase, PTEN. Despite huge research investment, the drivers of the PI3K network in normal tissues and how they adapt to overactivation are unclear. We find that in healthy mouse prostate PI3K activity is driven by RTK/IRS signaling and constrained by pathway feedback. In the absence of PTEN, the network is dramatically remodeled. A poorly understood YXXM- and PIP3/PI(3,4)P2-binding PH domain-containing adaptor, PLEKHS1, became the dominant activator and was required to sustain PIP3, AKT phosphorylation, and growth in PTEN-null prostate. This was because PLEKHS1 evaded pathway-feedback and experienced enhanced PI3K- and Src-family kinase-dependent phosphorylation of Y258XXM, eliciting PI3K activation. hPLEKHS1 mRNA and activating Y419 phosphorylation of hSrc correlated with PI3K pathway activity in human prostate cancers. We propose that in PTEN-null cells receptor-independent, Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PLEKHS1 creates positive feedback that escapes homeostasis, drives PIP3 signaling, and supports tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Jung
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Arqum Anwar
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sabine Suire
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Karen E Anderson
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David Barneda
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anna Kielkowska
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Barzan A Sadiq
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ieng Wai Lai
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sergio Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP CEP: 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Turnham
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Helen B Pearson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - David Oxley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Wilson
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Imaging Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Len R Stephens
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Sun J, Liu Z, Zeng Z, Ouyang S, Zhang Z, Ma M, Kang W. The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Radiotherapy of Gastrointestinal Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862563. [PMID: 35517505 PMCID: PMC9065280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), or radiation therapy, has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of local advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. RT causes DNA double-strand breaks leading to cell cytotoxicity and indirectly damages tumor cells by activating downstream genes. Non-coding RNA (including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and circular RNAs) is a type of RNA that does not encode a protein. As the field of ncRNAs increasingly expands, new complex roles have gradually emerged for ncRNAs in RT. It has been shown that ncRNAs can act as radiosensitivity regulators in gastrointestinal carcinoma by affecting DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, irradiation-induced apoptosis, cell autophagy, stemness, EMT, and cell pyroptosis. Here, we review the complex roles of ncRNAs in RT and gastrointestinal carcinoma. We also discuss the potential clinical significance and predictive value of ncRNAs in response to RT for guiding the individualized treatment of patients. This review can serve as a guide for the application of ncRNAs as radiosensitivity enhancers, radioresistance inducers, and predictors of response in RT of gastrointestinal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu Y, Huang R, Li J, Xie X, Deng Y. LncRNA ENSG00000254615 Modulates Proliferation and 5-FU Resistance by Regulating p21 and Cyclin D1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:696-710. [PMID: 33938344 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1923727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is an urgent problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy that needs to be resolved. To investigate 5-FU-associated lncRNAs for CRC might be of great significant. LncRNA ENSG00000254615 was detected by RNA-sequencing. ENSG00000254615 were detected highly expressed in 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells and tissue specimens, and inhibited cell proliferation and attenuated 5-FU resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ENSG00000254615 participated in the regulation of p21 and Cyclin D1. Taken together, we proposed that ENSG00000254615 inhibits proliferation and attenuates 5-FU resistance of CRC by regulating p21 and Cyclin D1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Runqing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tondro Anamag F, Shoorei H, Fattahi F, Javadinia SA, Basiri A, Taheri M. 5-Fluorouracil: A Narrative Review on the Role of Regulatory Mechanisms in Driving Resistance to This Chemotherapeutic Agent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658636. [PMID: 33954114 PMCID: PMC8092118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is among the mostly administrated chemotherapeutic agents for a wide variety of neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs have a central impact on the determination of the response of patients to 5-FU. These transcripts via modulation of cancer-related pathways, cell apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other aspects of cell behavior can affect cell response to 5-FU. Modulation of expression levels of microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells to 5-FU treatment via modulating multiple biological signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, NF-kB, and Notch cascades. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in targeting these transcripts in various kinds of cancers that are treated by 5-FU. In the present article, we provide a review of the function of non-coding transcripts in the modulation of response of neoplastic cells to 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Shi H, Chen R, Zhou S, Lei S, She Y. Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 33456513 PMCID: PMC7791919 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a well-known adverse effect of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in a number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of GC-treated muscle atrophy remains poorly understood. In the current study, muscular atrophy was induced and the results indicated that C2C12 myotubes were thinner than normal, while the expression of muscle ring finger protein 1 and Atrogin-1 was increased. The expression of nine miRNAs and seven lncRNAs associated with proliferation and differentiation were analyzed in a dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy cell model. In addition, the mRNA expression of the downstream targets of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between DEX-treated and control cells were determined. The results indicated that the expression of miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206 and five lncRNAs (increased Atrolnc-1, Dum, MAR1, linc-MD1 and decreased Myolinc) were significantly different between the DEX and the control group. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expression of Wnt5a and MyoD was significantly different between the two groups. The results of the current study indicated that some important miRNAs and lncRNAs are associated with DEX-induced muscle atrophy and have the potential to be further developed as a diagnostic tool for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shanyao Zhou
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Huang Z, Mo X, Song Y, Li X, Li X, Zhang M. The circular RNA 001971/miR-29c-3p axis modulates colorectal cancer growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis through VEGFA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:91. [PMID: 32430042 PMCID: PMC7236474 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Angiogenesis is a key event maintaining tumor cell survival and aggressiveness. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), one of the most significant tumor cell-secreted proangiogenic factors, is frequently upregulated in CRC. Methods The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of CRC cells. Transwell assays were performed to detect the invasion capacity of target cells. Relative protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. Pathological characteristics of tissues were detected by H&E staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A RIP assay was conducted to validate the predicted binding between genes. Results We observed that circ-001971 expression was dramatically increased in CRC tissue samples and cells. Circ-001971 knockdown suppressed the capacity of CRC cells to proliferate and invade and HUVEC tube formation in vitro, as well as tumor growth in mice bearing SW620 cell-derived tumors in vivo. The expression of circ-001971 and VEGFA was dramatically increased whereas the expression of miR-29c-3p was reduced in tumor tissue samples. Circ-001971 relieved miR-29c-3p-induced inhibition of VEGFA by acting as a ceRNA, thereby aggravating the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of CRC. Consistent with the above findings, the expression of VEGFA was increased, whereas the expression of miR-29c-3p was decreased in tumor tissue samples. miR-29c-3p had a negative correlation with both circ-001971 and VEGFA, while circ-001971 was positively correlated with VEGFA. Conclusions In conclusion, the circ-001971/miR-29c-3p axis modulated CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang W, Xia J, Xie S, Zou R, Pan S, Wang ZW, Assaraf YG, Zhu X. Long non-coding RNAs as a determinant of cancer drug resistance: Towards the overcoming of chemoresistance via modulation of lncRNAs. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 50:100683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Vodenkova S, Buchler T, Cervena K, Veskrnova V, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. 5-fluorouracil and other fluoropyrimidines in colorectal cancer: Past, present and future. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107447. [PMID: 31756363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an essential component of systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the palliative and adjuvant settings. Over the past four decades, several modulation strategies including the implementation of 5-FU-based combination regimens and 5-FU pro-drugs have been developed and tested to increase the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU and to overcome the clinical resistance. Despite the encouraging progress in CRC therapy to date, the patients' response rates to therapy continue to remain low and the patients' benefit from 5-FU-based therapy is frequently compromised by the development of chemoresistance. Inter-individual differences in the treatment response in CRC patients may originate in the unique genetic and epigenetic make-up of each individual. The critical element in the current trend of personalized medicine is the proper comprehension of causes and mechanisms contributing to the low or lack of sensitivity of tumor tissue to 5-FU-based therapy. The identification and validation of predictive biomarkers for existing 5-FU-based and new targeted therapies for CRC treatment will likely improve patients' outcomes in the future. Herein we present a comprehensive review summarizing options of CRC treatment and the mechanisms of 5-FU action at the molecular level, including both anabolic and catabolic ways. The main part of this review comprises the currently known molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance in CRC patients. We also focus on various 5-FU pro-drugs developed to increase the amount of circulating 5-FU and to limit toxicity. Finally, we propose future directions of personalized CRC therapy according to the latest published evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 2411/87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Cervena
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Veskrnova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microarray Analysis For Expression Profiles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in Rat Liver after Brain-Dead Donor Liver Transplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5604843. [PMID: 31828106 PMCID: PMC6881575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5604843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying severe liver injury after brain-dead (BD) donor liver transplantation (BDDLT) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in liver injury after BDDLT. Rat liver injury was detected in the sham, BD, control, and BDDLT groups. We examined the expression profiles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the livers of the BDDLT and control group using microarray analysis. The main functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, we used bioinformatic analyses to construct related expression networks. Liver injury was aggravated in the BD and BDDLT groups. We found various mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that were differentially expressed in the BDDLT group compared with those in the control group. Coding-noncoding gene co-expression (CNC) network analysis showed that expression of the lncRNA LOC102553657 was associated with that of the apoptosis-related genes including HMOX1 and ATF3. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network analysis revealed that the lncRNA LOC103692832 and rno_circRNA_007609 were ceRNAs of rno-miR-135a-5p targeting Atf3, Per2, and Mras. These results suggest that lncRNAs and circRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of liver injury during BDDLT.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lei S, She Y, Zeng J, Chen R, Zhou S, Shi H. Expression patterns of regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs in muscular atrophy models induced by starvation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4175-4185. [PMID: 31545487 PMCID: PMC6798001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Starvation or severe deprivation of nutrients, which is commonly seen in surgical patients, can result in catabolic changes in skeletal muscles, such as muscle atrophy. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms during skeletal muscle atrophy. In the present study, muscular atrophy was induced by starvation and the results demonstrated that myosin heavy chain was decreased, whereas muscle RING finger protein 1 and atrogin-1 were increased, both in vitro and in vivo. The impact of starvation on the expression patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) was next determined. The expression patterns of miR-23a, miR-206 and miR-27b in the starved mice exhibited similar trends as those in starved C2C12 cells in vitro, whereas the expression patterns of six other miRNAs (miR-18a, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-186, miR-1a and miR-29b) differed between the in vivo and the in vitro starvation models. The present study indicated that in vitro expression of the selected miRNAs was not completely consistent with that in vivo. By contrast, lncRNAs showed excellent consistency in their expression patterns in both the in vitro and in vivo starvation models; six of the lncRNAs (Atrolnc-1, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA of muscle differentiation 1, Myolinc, lncRNA myogenic differentiation 1, Dum and muscle anabolic regulator 1) were significantly elevated in starved tissues and cells, while lnc-mg was significantly decreased, compared with the control groups. Thus, lncRNAs involved in muscle atrophy have the potential to be developed as diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shanyao Zhou
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie B, Becker E, Stuparevic I, Wery M, Szachnowski U, Morillon A, Primig M. The anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil affects cell cycle regulators and potential regulatory long non-coding RNAs in yeast. RNA Biol 2019; 16:727-741. [PMID: 30760080 PMCID: PMC6546400 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1581596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was isolated as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, which is important for DNA synthesis. The drug was later found to also affect the conserved 3'-5' exoribonuclease EXOSC10/Rrp6, a catalytic subunit of the RNA exosome that degrades and processes protein-coding and non-coding transcripts. Work on 5-FU's cytotoxicity has been focused on mRNAs and non-coding transcripts such as rRNAs, tRNAs and snoRNAs. However, the effect of 5-FU on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which include regulatory transcripts important for cell growth and differentiation, is poorly understood. RNA profiling of synchronized 5-FU treated yeast cells and protein assays reveal that the drug specifically inhibits a set of cell cycle regulated genes involved in mitotic division, by decreasing levels of the paralogous Swi5 and Ace2 transcriptional activators. We also observe widespread accumulation of different lncRNA types in treated cells, which are typically present at high levels in a strain lacking EXOSC10/Rrp6. 5-FU responsive lncRNAs include potential regulatory antisense transcripts that form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) with overlapping sense mRNAs. Some of these transcripts encode proteins important for cell growth and division, such as the transcription factor Ace2, and the RNA exosome subunit EXOSC6/Mtr3. In addition to revealing a transcriptional effect of 5-FU action via DNA binding regulators involved in cell cycle progression, our results have implications for the function of putative regulatory lncRNAs in 5-FU mediated cytotoxicity. The data raise the intriguing possibility that the drug deregulates lncRNAs/dsRNAs involved in controlling eukaryotic cell division, thereby highlighting a new class of promising therapeutical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingning Xie
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Becker
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Igor Stuparevic
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Wery
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, PSL UniversityCNRS UMR 3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ugo Szachnowski
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, PSL UniversityCNRS UMR 3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, PSL UniversityCNRS UMR 3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Michael Primig
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)- UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen R, She Y, Fu Q, Chen X, Shi H, Lei S, Zhou S, Ou J, Liu Y. Differentially expressed coding and noncoding RNAs in CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity of C2C12 cells. Epigenomics 2019; 11:423-438. [PMID: 30785338 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to explore potential regulators of coding and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Co(II) ion-induced myo cytotoxicity. Materials & methods: We confirmed the toxic effects of Co(II) on mouse skeletal C2C12 myotubes by CoCl2, and performed the expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs using microarray analysis. We constructed co-expression, competing endogenous RNA and cis/trans regulation networks for ncRNAs, and filtered 71 candidate circRNAs with coding potential. Results: We identify 605 differentially expressed circRNAs, 4409 long noncoding RNAs and 3965 mRNAs. We also provided several ncRNAs regulation networks and presumed functions of circRNAs with coding potential. Conclusion: Our findings may reveal novel regulatory mechanisms underlying the noxious effects of CoCl2 in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical & Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xin Gang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical & Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xin Gang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical & Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xin Gang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical & Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xin Gang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Shanyao Zhou
- Guangdong Traditional Medical & Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xin Gang Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Jun Ou
- Guangzhou FitGene Biotechnology CO., LTD, Building D, 3 Ju Quan Road, Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Guangzhou FitGene Biotechnology CO., LTD, Building D, 3 Ju Quan Road, Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Z, Li H, Wang Z, Yang Y, Niu J, Liu Y, Sun Z, Yin C. Microarray expression profile of long non-coding RNAs in human lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1312-1322. [PMID: 30151992 PMCID: PMC6166069 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in many biological dynamics and play significant roles in gene regulation. LncRNA expression is altered in many cancers; however, the expressions and functions of lncRNA genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remain unknown. METHODS LncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in LAD without lymphatic metastasis versus paired adjacent non-tumor (ANT) lung tissues and LAD with versus without lymphatic metastasis were analyzed using Human LncRNA Arraystar V3.0. The expression levels of four downregulated and four upregulated lncRNAs were verified using quantitative real-time PCR in cells and tissue specimens. RESULTS In this study, 949 lncRNAs and 681 mRNAs had differential expression in LAD without lymphatic metastasis compared to ANT lung tissues, while 2740 lncRNAs and 1714 mRNAs were differentially expressed in LAD with lymphatic metastasis compared to LAD without lymphatic metastasis. The expression patterns of selected lncRNAs (LINC00113, AC005009.1, ARHGAP22-IT1, AC009411.1, SRGAP3-AS2, EGFEM1P, FAM66E, and HLA-F-AS1) were consistent with microarray data. Differentially expressed mRNA genes were enriched in crucial Gene Ontology terms and pathways. CONCLUSION Our results revealed differentially expressed lncRNAs in LAD, suggesting lncRNAs may be potential indicators for LAD diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yang
- Department of PathologyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Hongli Li
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of PathologyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Yuling Yang
- Department of PathologyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Jie Niu
- College of NursingWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of NursingWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Chonggao Yin
- College of NursingWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Xie Q, He D, Ling Y, Li Y, Li J, Zhang H. Circular RNA: new star, new hope in cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:834. [PMID: 30126353 PMCID: PMC6102867 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs are a new class of endogenous non-coding RNA that can function as crucial regulators of diverse cellular processes. The diverse types of circular RNAs with varying cytogenetics in cancer have also been reported. Circular RNAs can act as a microRNA sponge or through other mechanisms to regulate gene expression as either tumor inhibitors or accelerators, suggesting that circular RNAs can serve as newly developed biomarkers with clinic implications. Here, we summerized recent advances on circular RNAs in cancer and described a circular RNA network associated with tumorigenesis. The clinical implications of circular RNAs in cancer were also discussed in this paper. SHORT CONCLUSION Growing evidence has revealed the crucial regulatory roles of circular RNAs in cancer and the elucidation of functional mechanisms involving circular RNAs would be helpful to construct a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Moreover, circular RNAs can be easily detected due to their relative stability, widespread expression, and abundance in exosomes, blood and saliva; thus, circular RNAs have potential as new and ideal clinical biomarkers in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Qing Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Dongmei He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, 516000 China
| | - Yuan Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Jiangbin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song K, Zhao W, Wang W, Zhang N, Wang K, Chang Z. Individualized predictive signatures for 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in right- and left-sided colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1939-1948. [PMID: 29700901 PMCID: PMC5989868 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is widely used for the treatment of colon cancer. Colon cancers with different primary tumor locations are clinically and molecularly distinct, implied through their response to 5‐FU‐based ACT. In this work, using 69 and 133 samples of patients with stage II‐III right‐sided and left‐sided colon cancer (RCC and LCC) treated with post‐surgery 5‐FU‐based ACT, we preselected gene pairs whose relative expression orderings were significantly correlated with the disease‐free survival of patients by univariate Cox proportional hazards model. Then, from the identified prognostic‐related gene pairs, a forward‐stepwise selection algorithm was formulated to search for an optimal subset of gene pairs that resulted in the highest concordance index, referred to as the gene pair signature (GPS). We identified prognostic signatures, 3‐GPS and 5‐GPS, for predicting response to 5‐FU‐based ACT of patients with RCC and LCC, respectively, which were validated in independent datasets of GSE14333 and GSE72970. With the aid of the signatures, the transcriptional and genomic characteristics between the predicted responders and non‐responders were explored. Notably, both in RCC and LCC, the predicted responders to 5‐FU‐based ACT were characterized by hypermutation, whereas the predicted non‐responders were characterized by frequent copy number alternations. Finally, in comparison with the established relative expression ordering‐based signature, which was developed without considering the differences between RCC and LCC, the newly proposed signatures had a better predictive performance. In conclusion, 3‐GPS or 5‐GPS can robustly predict response to 5‐FU‐based ACT for patients with RCC or LCC, respectively, in an individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang M, Zhong Z, Lv M, Shu J, Tian Q, Chen J. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of lncRNAs and circRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in bladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47186-47200. [PMID: 27363013 PMCID: PMC5216934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. To explore lncRNAs and circRNAs expression profiling and their biological functions in bladder cancer, we surveyed the lncRNA/circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of bladder cancer and para-cancer tissues using microarray for four patients. Thousands of significantly changed lncRNAs and mRNAs as well as hundreds of circRNAs were identified. Five dysregulated lncRNAs and four mRNAs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in 30 pairs of samples. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were executed to determine the principal functions of the significantly deregulated genes. Further more, we constructed correlated expression networks including coding-noncoding co-expression (CNC), competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), cis regulation, lncRNAs-transcription factor (TF)-mRNA with bioinformatics methods. Co-expression analysis showed lncRNA APLP2 expression is correlated with apoptosis-related genes, including PTEN and TP53INP1. CeRNA network inferred that lncRNA H19 and circRNA MYLK could bind competitively with miRNA-29a-3p increasing target gene DNMT3B, VEGFA and ITGB1 expressions. Moreover, the nearby genes pattern displayed that overexpressing ADAM2 and C8orf4 are cis-regulated by lncRNA RP11-359E19.2, involving in progression of bladder cancer. In addition, lncRNAs-TF-mRNA diagram indicated that lncRNA BC041488 could trans-regulate CDK1 mRNA expression through SRF transcription factor. Taken together, these results suggested lncRNAs and circRNAs could implicate in the pathogenesis and development of bladder cancer. Our findings provide a novel perspective on lncRNAs and circRNAs and lay the foundation for future research of potential roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in bladder carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengxin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Gene 2018; 647:164-173. [PMID: 29331478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the modulation of muscle development and muscle-related diseases. To explore potential regulators of muscle differentiation, we determined the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line using microarray analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore their function. We also constructed co-expression, cis/trans-regulation, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks with bioinformatics methods. We found that 3067 lncRNAs and 3235 mRNAs were differentially regulated (fold change ≥2.0). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the principal functions of the transcripts were related to muscle structure development and morphogenesis. Co-expression analysis showed 261 co-expression relationships between 233 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs, and nine lncRNAs interacted with myog and MEF2C collectively. Cis/trans-regulation prediction revealed that lncRNA Myh6 could be a valuable gene via cis-regulation, and lncRNAs such as 2310043L19Ris, V00821, and AK139352 may participate in particular pathways regulated by transcription factors, including myog, myod1, and foxo1. The myog-specific ceRNA network covered 10 lncRNAs, 378 miRNAs, and 1960 edges. The upregulated lncRNAs Filip1, Myl1, and 2310043L19Rik may promote myog expression by acting as ceRNAs. Our results offer a new perspective on the modulation of lncRNAs in muscle differentiation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chi HC, Tsai CY, Tsai MM, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Recurrence and Metastasis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091903. [PMID: 28872613 PMCID: PMC5618552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic regimen applied to treat at least half of all cancer patients worldwide. Radioresistance of cancers or failure to treat certain tumor types with radiation is associated with enhanced local invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Elucidation of the biological characteristics underlying radioresistance is therefore critical to ensure the development of effective strategies to resolve this issue, which remains an urgent medical problem. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a small population of tumor cells that constitute the origin of most cancer cell types. CSCs are virtually resistant to radiotherapy, and consequently contribute to recurrence and disease progression. Metastasis is an increasing problem in resistance to cancer radiotherapy and closely associated with the morbidity and mortality rates of several cancer types. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that radiation induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by increased cancer recurrence, metastasis and CSC generation. CSCs are believed to serve as the basis of metastasis. Previous studies indicate that CSCs contribute to the generation of metastasis, either in a direct or indirect manner. Moreover, the heterogeneity of CSCs may be responsible for organ specificity and considerable complexity of metastases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding molecules over 200 nucleotides in length involved in the initiation and progression of several cancer types. Recently, lncRNAs have attracted considerable attention as novel critical regulators of cancer progression and metastasis. In the current review, we have discussed lncRNA-mediated regulation of CSCs following radiotherapy, their association with tumor metastasis and significance in radioresistance of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei Y, Yan Z, Wu C, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li K, Xu Y. Integrated analysis of dosage effect lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma based on comprehensive network. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71430-71446. [PMID: 29069717 PMCID: PMC5641060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that cancer-related lncRNAs occur frequent somatic copy number alternation (SCNA). Although individual SCNA lncRNAs have been implicated in tumor biology, their regulatory mechanism has not been assessed in a systematic way. In order to explore the expression characteristics and biological functions of SCNA lncRNAs in cancer, we built a computational framework based on lncRNA expression profiles, lncRNA copy numbers and dosage sensitivity score (DSS). First, we found that the lncRNAs with different DSS were involved in distinct biological processes, while those with the same DSS had similar functions. Second, some of the lncRNAs participated in the progression and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) through cis-acting regulation. In lncRNA-TF-mRNA network, lncRNAs interacted with 4 TFs and affected the immune system, and further influenced LUAD progression. Third, competing endogenous RNA network analysis inferred that lncRNA ENSG00000240990 competed with HOXA10 to absorb hsa-let-7a/b/f/g-5p and affected patient prognosis in LUAD. Last but not least, by integrating target information of miRNA we also provided a new perspective for the discovery of potential small molecule drugs. In summary, we systematically analyzed the regulatory role of SCNA lncRNAs. This work may facilitate cancer research and serve as the basis for future efforts to understand the role of SCNA lncRNAs, develop novel biomarkers and improve knowledge of tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Wei
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zichuang Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinling Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Du Y, Liu X, Cho WC. Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in the Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:19-51. [PMID: 27573893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diagnosed cancers worldwide. The metastasis and development of resistance to anti-cancer treatment are major challenges in the treatment of CRC. Understanding mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis is therefore critical in developing novel agents for CRC treatments. A large number of evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs have functional roles in both the physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. These molecules are engaged in the pathobiology of neoplastic diseases and are targets for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of a variety of cancers, including CRC. In this regard, ncRNAs have emerged as one of the hallmarks of CRC pathogenesis and they also play key roles in metastasis, drug resistance and the stemness of CRC stem cell by regulating various signaling networks. Therefore, a better understanding the ncRNAs involved in the signaling pathways of CRC may lead to the development of novel strategy for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CRC. In this chapter, we summarize the latest findings on ncRNAs, with a focus on miRNAs and lncRNAs involving in signaling networks and in the regulation of pathogenic signaling pathways in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Yang
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yong Du
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Non-coding RNAs Enabling Prognostic Stratification and Prediction of Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:183-204. [PMID: 27573901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and current treatment options for patients are associated with a wide range of outcomes and tumor responses. Although the traditional TNM staging system continues to serve as a crucial tool for estimating CRC prognosis and for stratification of treatment choices and long-term survival, it remains limited as it relies on macroscopic features and cases of surgical resection, fails to incorporate new molecular data and information, and cannot perfectly predict the variety of outcomes and responses to treatment associated with tumors of the same stage. Although additional histopathologic features have recently been applied in order to better classify individual tumors, the future might incorporate the use of novel molecular and genetic markers in order to maximize therapeutic outcome and to provide accurate prognosis. Such novel biomarkers, in addition to individual patient tumor phenotyping and other validated genetic markers, could facilitate the prediction of risk of progression in CRC patients and help assess overall survival. Recent findings point to the emerging role of non-protein-coding regions of the genome in their contribution to the progression of cancer and tumor formation. Two major subclasses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are often dysregulated in CRC and have demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers. These ncRNAs are promising molecular classifiers and could assist in the stratification of patients into appropriate risk groups to guide therapeutic decisions and their expression patterns could help determine prognosis and predict therapeutic options in CRC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Microarray Analysis of Circular RNA Expression Profile Associated with 5-Fluorouracil-Based Chemoradiation Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8421614. [PMID: 28656150 PMCID: PMC5471554 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8421614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative 5-fluorouracil- (5-FU-) based chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy on CRC is limited due to the development of chemoradiation resistance (CRR), and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are yet to be investigated. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), which can function as microRNA sponges, were found to be involved in the development of several cancers. In this study, we focused on clarifying the modulation of the expression profiles of circRNAs in CRR. Microarray analysis identified 71 circRNAs differentially expressed in chemoradiation-resistant CRC cells. Among them, 47 were upregulated and 24 were downregulated by more than twofold. Furthermore, expression modulation of five representative circRNAs was validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, these modulated circRNAs were predicted to interact with 355 miRNAs. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the most modulated circRNAs regulate several cancers and cancer-related pathways, and the possible mechanism underlying CRR was discussed. This is the first report revealing the circRNA modulations in 5-FU chemoradiation-resistant CRC cells by microarray. The study provided a useful database for further understanding CRR and presents potential targets to overcome CRR in CRC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tian X, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhao J, Li T, Zhao Y. Microarray expression profile of long non-coding RNAs in paclitaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:293-300. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
25
|
Deng J, Wang Y, Lei J, Lei W, Xiong JP. Insights into the involvement of noncoding RNAs in 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697553. [PMID: 28381160 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is a classic chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used to treat various cancers. However, patients often exhibit primary or acquired drug resistance during treatment with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. 5-Fluorouracil resistance is a multifactorial event that involves abnormal enzyme metabolism, transport deregulation, cell cycle disorders, apoptosis resistance, and mismatch repair deficiency. Despite advancements in bioresearch technologies in the past several decades, the molecular mechanisms of 5-fluorouracil resistance have not been completely clarified. Recently, microarray analyses have shown that noncoding RNAs (i.e. microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) play a vital role in 5-fluorouracil resistance in multiple cancer cell lines. These noncoding RNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, contributing to 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the effects of microRNAs on 5-fluorouracil sensitivity via targeting of metabolic enzymes, the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. In particular, we focus on summarizing current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms through which long noncoding RNAs mediate 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. Moreover, we describe the specific microRNAs that may function as markers for prediction of chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil. This review will help to improve the current understanding of how to reverse 5-fluorouracil resistance and may facilitate the establishment of new strategies for alleviating drug resistance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Ping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou J, Xiong Q, Chen H, Yang C, Fan Y. Identification of the Spinal Expression Profile of Non-coding RNAs Involved in Neuropathic Pain Following Spared Nerve Injury by Sequence Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:91. [PMID: 28420964 PMCID: PMC5377590 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the nervous system, resulting in aberrant pain, which is associated with gene expression changes in the sensory pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. A non-coding Ribose Nucleic Acid (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. NcRNAs are involved in many cellular processes, and mutations or imbalances of the repertoire within the body can cause a variety of diseases. Although ncRNAs have recently been shown to play a role in NP pathogenesis, the specific effects of ncRNAs in NP remain largely unknown. In this study, sequencing analysis was performed to investigated the expression patterns of ncRNAs in the spinal cord following spared nerve injury-induced NP. A total of 134 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 12 microRNAs (miRNAs), 188 circular RNAs (circRNAs) and 1066 mRNAs were significantly regulated at 14 days after spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to validate the expression of selected lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs. Bioinformatics tools and databases were employed to explore the potential ncRNA functions and relationships. Our data showed that the most significantly involved pathways in SNI pathogenesis were ribosome, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, amoebiasis and protein digestion and absorption. In addition, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network of NP was constructed. This is the first study to comprehensively identify regulated ncRNAs of the spinal cord and to demonstrate the involvement of different ncRNA expression patterns in the spinal cord of NP pathogenesis by sequence analysis. This information will enable further research on the pathogenesis of NP and facilitate the development of novel NP therapeutics targeting ncRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Qingming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eighth People's Hospital of GuangzhouGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshan, China
| | - Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panyu Central HospitalGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng H, Zhang J, Shi J, Guo Z, He C, Ding L, Tang JH, Hou Y. Role of long non-coding RNA in tumor drug resistance. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11623-11631. [PMID: 27380056 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been extensively used in tumor treatment, including either systemic or local treatment. Miserably, in many kinds of cancers, chemotherapy is gradually insensitive. The mechanisms of tumor drug resistance have been widely explored, yet have not been fully characterized. With several studies in the development of drug resistance, recent works have highlighted the involvement of non-coding RNAs in tumor development. A growing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as transcripts of larger than 200 nucleotides in length, which have low coding potential, but potentially coding small peptides with 50-70 amino acids. Despite so often being branded as transcriptional noise, it is becoming increasingly clear that a large number of lncRNAs are crucial molecular regulators of the processes of tumor involving the initiation and progression of human tumor. More recently, accumulating evidence is revealing an important role of lncRNA in tumor drug resistance and lncRNA expression profiling can be correlated with the evolution of tumor drug resistance. The long non-coding-RNA-mediated form of drug resistance brings yet another mechanism of drug resistance. So, exploiting the newly emerging knowledge of lncRNAs for the development of new therapeutic applications to overcome human tumor drug resistance will be significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HeFei, China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HeFei, China
| | - JinJun Shi
- The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - ZhengDong Guo
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - ChunRong He
- The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Jin Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 139 Mei Shan Road, HeFei, AnHui, 230000, China.
| |
Collapse
|