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Ioannidou E, Moschetta M, Shah S, Parker JS, Ozturk MA, Pappas-Gogos G, Sheriff M, Rassy E, Boussios S. Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Treatment in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189926. [PMID: 34576107 PMCID: PMC8472415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Many therapeutic advances over the last two decades have led to an improvement in the survival of patients with metastatic PC, yet the majority of these patients still succumb to their disease. Antiagiogenic therapies have shown substantial benefits for many types of cancer but only a marginal benefit for PC. Ongoing clinical trials investigate antiangiogenic monotherapies or combination therapies. Despite the important role of angiogenesis in PC, clinical trials in refractory castration-resistant PC (CRPC) have demonstrated increased toxicity with no clinical benefit. A better understanding of the mechanism of angiogenesis may help to understand the failure of trials, possibly leading to the development of new targeted anti-angiogenic therapies in PC. These could include the identification of specific subsets of patients who might benefit from these therapeutic strategies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pathways involved in the angiogenesis, the chemotherapeutic agents with antiangiogenic activity, the available studies on anti-angiogenic agents and the potential mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Ioannidou
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Rd., London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Michele Moschetta
- CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 21, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Sidrah Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Jack Steven Parker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Mehmet Akif Ozturk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sisli Memorial Hospital, Kaptan Paşa Mah. Piyale Paşa Bulv., Okmeydanı Cd. 4, Istanbul 34384, Turkey;
| | - George Pappas-Gogos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45111 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Matin Sheriff
- Department of Urology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK;
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (J.S.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: or
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Decourt B, Wilson J, Ritter A, Dardis C, DiFilippo FP, Zhuang X, Cordes D, Lee G, Fulkerson ND, St Rose T, Hartley K, Sabbagh MN. MCLENA-1: A Phase II Clinical Trial for the Assessment of Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Lenalidomide in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease. OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRIALS 2020; 12:1-13. [PMID: 32123490 PMCID: PMC7051033 DOI: 10.2147/oajct.s221914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the general population reaching higher ages, a surge in Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence will happen in the coming decades, putting a heavy burden on families and healthcare systems Worldwide. This emphasizes the pressing need for AD therapeutic interventions. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation is prominent both in the blood and central nervous system of AD sufferers. These data suggest that systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the cause and effects of AD neuropathology. Capitalizing on our experience from a previous clinical trial with thalidomide, we hypothesize that modulating inflammation via the pleiotropic immunomodulator lenalidomide may alter AD if administered during a proper time window in the course of the disease. Thus, in this Phase II, proof-of mechanism study, 30 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects will be treated with lenalidomide at 10 mg/day for 12 months on a 1:1 ratio, followed by a 6 months washout period. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of lenalidomide on cognition, which is assessed at regular intervals. The secondary objective is to assess the safety and tolerability of lenalidomide in aMCI patients evaluated through adverse events, vital signs, clinical biochemistry, and physical and neurological examinations. Tertiary objectives are to analyze the effects of lenalidomide on brain amyloid loads (Florbetapir PET imaging) and neurodegeneration (volumetric MRI) by comparing pre- and post-dosing data. Finally, exploratory objectives will investigate whether blood inflammatory markers can serve as surrogate markers of therapeutic efficacy. Our study should determine whether lenalidomide is safe in AD subjects and whether it can alter the clinical progression of AD when administered before dementia onset. If effective, lenalidomide would become the first drug capable of delaying the trajectory of AD, which could lead the way to find additional, less toxic treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Decourt
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilson
- Department of Economics W. P. Carey School of Business,
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Aaron Ritter
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Garam Lee
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Nadia D Fulkerson
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Tessa St Rose
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Katurah Hartley
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las
Vegas, NV, USA
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