Electrospinning of Asiaticoside/2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex-loaded Cellulose Acetate Fiber Mats: Release Characteristics and Potential for Use as Wound Dressing

Phytochemical-Based Nano-Pharmacotherapeutics for Management of Burn Wound Healing

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for their various therapeutic activities and are safer compared to modern medicines, especially when properly identifying and preparing them and choosing an adequate dose administration. The phytochemical compounds present in plants are progressively yielding evidence in modern drug delivery systems by treating various diseases like cancers, coronary heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, inflammation, microbial, viral and parasitic infections, psychotic diseases, spasmodic conditions, ulcers, etc. The phytochemical requires a rational approach to deliver the compounds to enhance the efficacy and to improve patients’ compatibility. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the most promising strategies in disease control. Nano-formulations could target certain parts of the body and control drug release. Different studies report that phytochemical-loaded nano-formulations have been tested successfully both in vitro and in vivo for healing of skin wounds. The use of nano systems as drug carriers may reduce the toxicity and enhance the bioavailability of the incorporated drug. In this review, we focus on various nano-phytomedicines that have been used in treating skin burn wounds, and how both nanotechnology and phytochemicals are effective for treating skin burns.

The investigation of binary and ternary sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with asiaticoside in solution and in solid state

Asiaticoside (AS) is poorly water-soluble compound that can lead to low the bioavailability. The aims of this study were to determine the cyclodextrin (CD) solubilization of AS and characterize binary AS/CD and ternary AS/CD/polymer complexes in solution- and solid-state. Thermal stability of AS through heating process was determined and found that It could withstand by heating through sonication method. Phase-solubility profiles showed that β-cyclodextrin (βCD) exhibited the greatest solubilizing effect but sulfobutylether-βCD (SBEβCD) was selected for further investigations due to its relatively high complexation efficiency (CE) value. The effect of polymers that were poloxamer 407 (P407) and chitosan (CS) on CD solubilization were investigated. It was found that the increment of CE was resulted from the formation of ternary complexes or complex aggregates with confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) data indicated that the cyclohexane moiety of AS was totally inserted into the hydrophobic inner cavity of SBEβCD in the presence or absence of polymer. The molecular modeling study displayed the binding orientation of such complex which correlated to ¹H NMR result. The solid state characterized by Fourier transform infra-red, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction demonstrated the formation of binary AS/SBEβCD and ternary AS/SBEβCD/polymer inclusion complexes. The enhancement of AS dissolution was achieved in both binary and ternary complexes. The permeation study showed that ternary AS/SBEβCD/CS nanoparticles exhibited a promising controlled drug release nanocarrier.

Electrospinning of Cyclodextrin Functional Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications

Electrospun nanofibers have sparked tremendous attention in drug delivery since they can offer high specific surface area, tailored release of drugs, controlled surface chemistry for preferred protein adsorption, and tunable porosity. Several functional motifs were incorporated into electrospun nanofibers to greatly expand their drug loading capacity or to provide the sustained release of the embedded drug molecules. In this regard, cyclodextrins (CyD) are considered as ideal drug carrier molecules as they are natural, edible, and biocompatible compounds with a truncated cone-shape with a relatively hydrophobic cavity interior for complexation with hydrophobic drugs and a hydrophilic exterior to increase the water-solubility of drugs. Further, the formation of CyD-drug inclusion complexes can protect drug molecules from physiological degradation, or elimination and thus increases the stability and bioavailability of drugs, of which the release takes place with time, accompanied by fiber degradation. In this review, we summarize studies related to CyD-functional electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery applications. The review begins with an introductory description of electrospinning; the structure, properties, and toxicology of CyD; and CyD-drug complexation. Thereafter, the release of various drug molecules from CyD-functional electrospun nanofibers is provided in subsequent sections. The review concludes with a summary and outlook on material strategies.