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Mirbolouk M, Charkhchi P, Orimoloye OA, Uddin SMI, Kianoush S, Jaber R, Bhatnagar A, Benjamin EJ, Hall ME, DeFilippis AP, Maziak W, Nasir K, Blaha MJ. E-Cigarette Use Without a History of Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among U.S. Adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016. Ann Intern Med 2019; 170:76-79. [PMID: 30304466 DOI: 10.7326/m18-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., O.A.O., S.I.U., M.J.B.)
| | - Paniz Charkhchi
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.C.)
| | - Olusola A Orimoloye
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., O.A.O., S.I.U., M.J.B.)
| | - S M Iftekhar Uddin
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., O.A.O., S.I.U., M.J.B.)
| | - Sina Kianoush
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (S.K.)
| | - Rana Jaber
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida (R.J.)
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (A.B.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (E.J.B.)
| | - Michael E Hall
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (M.E.H.)
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (A.P.D.)
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, and Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria (W.M.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, Population Health & Health Systems Research, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida (K.N.)
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., O.A.O., S.I.U., M.J.B.)
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Mirbolouk M, Charkhchi P, Kianoush S, Uddin SMI, Orimoloye OA, Jaber R, Bhatnagar A, Benjamin EJ, Hall ME, DeFilippis AP, Maziak W, Nasir K, Blaha MJ. Prevalence and Distribution of E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:429-438. [PMID: 30167658 PMCID: PMC10534294 DOI: 10.7326/m17-3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contemporary data on the prevalence of e-cigarette use in the United States are limited. Objective To report the prevalence and distribution of current e-cigarette use among U.S. adults in 2016. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016. Participants Adults aged 18 years and older. Measurements Prevalence of current e-cigarette use by sociodemographic groups, comorbid medical conditions, and states of residence. Results Of participants with information on e-cigarette use (n = 466 842), 15 240 were current e-cigarette users, representing a prevalence of 4.5%, which corresponds to 10.8 million adult e-cigarette users in the United States. Of the e-cigarette users, 15% were never-cigarette smokers. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was highest among persons aged 18 to 24 years (9.2% [95% CI, 8.6% to 9.8%]), translating to approximately 2.8 million users in this age range. More than half the current e-cigarette users (51.2%) were younger than 35 years. In addition, the age-standardized prevalence of e-cigarette use was high among men; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons; current combustible cigarette smokers; and those with chronic health conditions. The prevalence of e-cigarette use varied widely among states, with estimates ranging from 3.1% (CI, 2.3% to 4.1%) in South Dakota to 7.0% (CI, 6.0% to 8.2%) in Oklahoma. Limitation Data were self-reported, and no biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was available. Conclusion E-cigarette use is common, especially in younger adults, LGBT persons, current cigarette smokers, and persons with comorbid conditions. The prevalence of use differs across states. These contemporary estimates may inform researchers, health care policymakers, and tobacco regulators about demographic and geographic distributions of e-cigarette use. Primary Funding Source American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, which is funded by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., S.I.U., O.A.O., M.J.B.)
| | - Paniz Charkhchi
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.C.)
| | - Sina Kianoush
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (S.K.)
| | - S M Iftekhar Uddin
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., S.I.U., O.A.O., M.J.B.)
| | - Olusola A Orimoloye
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., S.I.U., O.A.O., M.J.B.)
| | - Rana Jaber
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Florida International University, Miami, Florida (R.J.)
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (A.B., A.P.D.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.J.B.)
| | - Michael E Hall
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (M.E.H.)
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (A.B., A.P.D.)
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida, and Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria (W.M.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Florida International University, Miami, Florida and Population Health & Health Systems Research, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine. (K.N.)
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M., S.I.U., O.A.O., M.J.B.)
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