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Chakhtoura M, Fang M, Cubas R, O’Connor MH, Nichols CN, Richardson B, Talla A, Moir S, Cameron MJ, Tardif V, Haddad EK. Germinal Center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cell impairment in chronic HIV infection involves c-Maf signaling. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009732. [PMID: 34280251 PMCID: PMC8289045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells from lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-infected individuals is impaired. We found that these cells were unable to provide proper help to germinal center (GC)-B cells, as observed by altered and inefficient anti-HIV antibody response and premature death of memory B cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this dysfunction remain poorly defined. Herein, we have used a unique transcriptional approach to identify these molecular defects. We consequently determined the transcriptional profiles of LN GC-Tfh cells following their interactions with LN GC-B cells from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals, rather than analyzing resting ex-vivo GC-Tfh cells. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected subjects were transcriptionally different than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, and displayed a significant downregulation of immune- and GC-Tfh-associated pathways and genes. Our results strongly demonstrated that MAF (coding for the transcription factor c-Maf) and its upstream signaling pathway mediators (IL6R and STAT3) were significantly downregulated in HIV-infected subjects, which could contribute to the impaired GC-Tfh and GC-B cell functions reported during infection. We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation. Overall, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to GC-Tfh cell impairment during HIV infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cell function is altered in HIV is crucial and could provide critical information about the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of effective anti-HIV antibodies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a worldwide burden despite available treatments. The virus induces dysregulations in major immune cells and organs including lymph nodes. Germinal center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cells are immune cells which induce specific anti-HIV antibodies by helping GC-B cells. In chronic HIV, the interaction between these two cell types is defective, leading to modified and inefficient anti-HIV antibody responses. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected individuals, displayed distinctive gene expression than those from -uninfected subjects, following GC-B cell interaction. Furthermore, GC-Tfh cells from HIV patients showed a reduction in important immune-related pathway and gene expression. A number of essential GC-Tfh cell genes, such as MAF and its associated genes (IL6R and STAT3), were particularly attenuated in HIV, contributing to the impaired cells function. Moreover, we found an association between MAF function and the key enzyme adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1), where supplementation with ADA-1 partially restored the dysfunctional signaling in GC-Tfh cells during chronic infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cells are altered in HIV is critical to elucidate the mechanisms leading to effective anti-HIV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafael Cubas
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret H. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carmen N. Nichols
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Center of Reasearch in Myology (Association Institut de Myologie) UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
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Mohamed H, Clemen R, Freund E, Lackmann JW, Wende K, Connors J, Haddad EK, Dampier W, Wigdahl B, Miller V, Bekeschus S, Krebs FC. Non-thermal plasma modulates cellular markers associated with immunogenicity in a model of latent HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247125. [PMID: 33647028 PMCID: PMC7920340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), requires continuous and life-long use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) by people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In the absence of ART, HIV-1 reemergence from latently infected cells is ineffectively suppressed due to suboptimal innate and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. However, ART-free control of HIV-1 infection may be possible if the inherent immunological deficiencies can be reversed or restored. Herein we present a novel approach for modulating the immune response to HIV-1 that involves the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which is an ionized gas containing various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). J-Lat cells were used as a model of latent HIV-1 infection to assess the effects of NTP application on viral latency and the expression of pro-phagocytic and pro-chemotactic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Exposure of J-Lat cells to NTP resulted in stimulation of HIV-1 gene expression, indicating a role in latency reversal, a necessary first step in inducing adaptive immune responses to viral antigens. This was accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); the display of pro-phagocytic markers calreticulin (CRT), heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90; and a correlated increase in macrophage phagocytosis of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells. In addition, modulation of surface molecules that promote or inhibit antigen presentation was also observed, along with an altered array of displayed peptides on MHC I, further suggesting methods by which NTP may modify recognition and targeting of cells in latent HIV-1 infection. These studies represent early progress toward an effective NTP-based ex vivo immunotherapy to resolve the dysfunctions of the immune system that enable HIV-1 persistence in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ramona Clemen
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany.,CECAD proteomics facility, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Connors
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fred C Krebs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Ramaseri Sunder S, Suryadevara NC, Pydi SS, Neela VSK, Valluri VL. Defective Antigen Presentation Leads to Upregulation of PD1 and IL-10 in HIV-TB Co-Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:310-319. [PMID: 32456524 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection poses a challenge to the immunologists in developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Mechanisms behind the breakdown of the immune defense of the co-infected individual are poorly known. Numerous studies in HIV alone have revealed the role of PD1, TAP, and IL-10, but not in co-infection. The interaction of the 2 distinct bugs, which is resulting in domination over the host immune system, is still a lacuna. Hence, we aimed to portray functions of IL-10, TAP, and PD1 molecules in HIV-TB co-infection. Co-culture cells challenged with γ-irradiated M.Tb under various conditions resulted in high interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and high percentage of PD1 expression on CD8 T cells, which might be due to defective antigen presentation of TAP on dendritic cells and macrophages. Herein our observations provide an insight into the escape mechanisms by M.Tb in HIV-infected individuals from the host immune responses leading to TB co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Chandra Suryadevara
- LEPRA India, BPHRC, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahaveer Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
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Rao D, Venkataswamy MM, Vasanthapuram R, Satishchandra P, Desai A. Alteration of T Cell Phenotypes in HIV-Neurotuberculosis Coinfection. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 98:270-281. [PMID: 30450685 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotuberculosis is one of the commonest HIV associated opportunistic infections of the central nervous system in India. HIV-TB coinfection may lead to altered frequencies of T cells, thereby influencing the course and progression of the disease. METHODS We examined the frequencies of T cell subsets in HIV infected individuals with neurotuberculosis (HIV+nTB+) as compared to individuals with HIV associated systemic TB (HIV+sTB+), asymptomatic HIV (HIV+TB-), non-HIV neuro TB (HIV-nTB+), non-HIV systemic TB (HIV-sTB+), and healthy controls (HIV-TB-). Activation and senescence profiles of CD4 and CD8 T cells and memory subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS The significant observations among the T cell subsets in HIV+nTB+ were: (1) Naïve T cells: decreased CD4 T cells compared to HIV-sTB+ (P = 0.005); decreased CD8 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.007), (2) Memory T cells: expanded CD4 TEMRA cells compared to HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.003); expanded CD8 TEMRA cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.005), (3) Activated T cells: higher CD4 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.004); higher CD8 T cells compared to HIV + TB-, HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- (P ≤ 0.001), and (4) Senescent T cells: increased CD8 T cells compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- groups (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Increased activation compared to HIV+TB-, HIV-nTB+, HIV-sTB+, and HIV-TB- groups and increased senescence compared to HIV-nTB+ and HIV-TB- groups were observed in CD8 T cells in HIV+nTB+, suggesting that the frequencies of these T cell subsets are altered to a greater extent in these individuals. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashri Rao
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Manjunatha M Venkataswamy
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - P Satishchandra
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Ramaseri SS, Chaudhury A, Van A, Krovvidi SS, Vankayalapati R, Valluri VL. IL-17 and IL-22 production in HIV+ individuals with latent and active tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:321. [PMID: 29996789 PMCID: PMC6042451 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 and IL-22 cytokines play an important role in protective immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Information on the production of these cytokines and the factors that regulate their production in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or active tuberculosis disease (ATB) is limited. In the current study, we compared the production of these two cytokines by PBMC of HIV-LTBI+ and HIV + LTBI+ individuals in response to Mtb antigens CFP-10 (culture filtrate protein) and ESAT-6 (Early Secretory Antigenic Target). We also determined the mechanisms involved in their production. METHODS We cultured Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from HIV- individuals and HIV+ patients with latent tuberculosis and active disease with CFP-10 and ESAT-6. Production of IL-17, IL-22 and PD1 (Programmed Death 1), ICOS (Inducible T-cell Costimulator), IL-23R and FoxP3 (Forkhead box P3) expression on CD4+ T cells was measured. RESULTS In response to Mtb antigens CFP-10 and ESAT-6, freshly isolated PBMCs from HIV+ LTBI+ and HIV+ active TB patients produced less IL-17 and IL-22 and more IL-10, expressed less IL-23R, and more PD1 and expanded to more FoxP3+ cells. Active TB infection in HIV+ individuals further inhibited antigen specific IL-17 and IL-22 production compared to those with LTBI. Neutralization of PD1 restored IL-23R expression, IL-17 and IL-22 levels and lowered IL-10 production and reduced expansion of FoxP3 T cells. CONCLUSIONS In the current study we found that increased PD1 expression in HIV + LTBI+ and HIV+ active TB patients inhibits IL-17, IL-22 production and IL-23R expression in response to Mtb antigens CFP-10 and ESAT-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Prudhula Devalraju
- Immunology & Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A. C. Guards, Hyderabad, TS 500004 India
| | - Venkata Sanjeev Kumar Neela
- Immunology & Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A. C. Guards, Hyderabad, TS 500004 India
| | - Sharadambal Sunder Ramaseri
- Immunology & Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A. C. Guards, Hyderabad, TS 500004 India
| | - Arunabala Chaudhury
- Clinical Division, Cheyutha, LEPRA Society, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, 501301 India
| | - Abhinav Van
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Centre, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA
| | - Siva Sai Krovvidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana-501301 India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Centre, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology & Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A. C. Guards, Hyderabad, TS 500004 India
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Zhou Y, Du J, Hou HY, Lu YF, Yu J, Mao LY, Wang F, Sun ZY. Application of ImmunoScore Model for the Differentiation between Active Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection as Well as Monitoring Anti-tuberculosis Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:457. [PMID: 29164066 PMCID: PMC5670161 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global public health problem. To achieve the end TB strategy, non-invasive markers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of TB disease are urgently needed, especially in high-endemic countries such as China. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and tuberculin skin test (TST), frequently used immunological methods for TB detection, are intrinsically unable to discriminate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Thus, the specificity of these methods in the diagnosis of ATB is dependent upon the local prevalence of LTBI. The pathogen-detecting methods such as acid-fast staining and culture, all have limitations in clinical application. ImmunoScore (IS) is a new promising prognostic tool which was commonly used in tumor. However, the importance of host immunity has also been demonstrated in TB pathogenesis, which implies the possibility of using IS model for ATB diagnosis and therapy monitoring. In the present study, we focused on the performance of IS model in the differentiation between ATB and LTBI and in treatment monitoring of TB disease. We have totally screened five immunological markers (four non-specific markers and one TB-specific marker) and successfully established IS model by using Lasso logistic regression analysis. As expected, the IS model can effectively distinguish ATB from LTBI (with a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 92.1%) and also has potential value in the treatment monitoring of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Fang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Yan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Yong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tang ZS, Hao YH, Zhang EJ, Xu CL, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Yang DL. CD28 family of receptors on T cells in chronic HBV infection: Expression characteristics, clinical significance and correlations with PD-1 blockade. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1107-16. [PMID: 27314219 PMCID: PMC4940091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the overall clinical expression characteristics of the cluster of differentiation (CD)28 family receptors [CD28, inducible T-cell co-stimulator, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator] on T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), analyze the correlations among these receptors and the clinical parameters, and to investigate the effects of PD-1 blockade on the receptor expression profiles, T-cell function and other biological effects. The expression characteristics of the CD28 family of receptors, the effects of PD-1 blockade on the receptor expression profiles and the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ were investigated in the T cells of patients with CHB. In addition, the transcription factor, T-box 21 (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) mRNA expression levels were investigated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CHB. The expression levels of the CD28 family receptors in the T cells of patients with CHB demonstrated distinct characteristics, for example levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on CD4 T cells and ICOS, PD-1, and BTLA on CD8 T cells were increased in cells from patients with CHB compared with those from the healthy individuals. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated among the serum HBV DNA titers and the levels of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells with the highest expression of PD-1 corresponding to viral levels >106 IU/ml. A significant positive correlation was observed between the serum HBV DNA titers and the expression levels of BTLA on CD8+ T cells with the highest expression of BTLA corresponding to viral levels >106 IU/ml. PD-1 blockade altered the expression profiles of CD28 family receptors in the T cells of patients with CHB, partly enhanced T cell function and increased the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA in PBMCs. Thus, CD28 family receptors are potential clinical indicators for the rapid monitoring of changes in T cell function during CHB treatment. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade has a therapeutic potential that may be enhanced by modulating the expression of co-stimulatory and -inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Sheng Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - You-Hua Hao
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - E-Juan Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Pollock KM, Montamat-Sicotte DJ, Grass L, Cooke GS, Kapembwa MS, Kon OM, Sampson RD, Taylor GP, Lalvani A. PD-1 Expression and Cytokine Secretion Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Subsets; Potential Correlates of Containment in HIV-TB Co-Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146905. [PMID: 26756579 PMCID: PMC4710462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV co-infection is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) providing a powerful model in which to dissect out defective, protective and dysfunctional Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific immune responses. To identify the changes induced by HIV co-infection we compared MTB-specific CD4+ responses in subjects with active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI), with and without HIV co-infection. CD4+ T-cell subsets producing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and expressing CD279 (PD-1) were measured using polychromatic flow-cytometry. HIV-TB co-infection was consistently and independently associated with a reduced frequency of CD4+ IFN-γ and IL-2-dual secreting T-cells and the proportion correlated inversely with HIV viral load (VL). The impact of HIV co-infection on this key MTB-specific T-cell subset identifies them as a potential correlate of mycobacterial immune containment. The percentage of MTB-specific IFN-γ-secreting T-cell subsets that expressed PD-1 was increased in active TB with HIV co-infection and correlated with VL. This identifies a novel correlate of dysregulated immunity to MTB, which may in part explain the paucity of inflammatory response in the face of mycobacterial dissemination that characterizes active TB with HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Pollock
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Damien J. Montamat-Sicotte
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Grass
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Cooke
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moses S. Kapembwa
- Department of GU and HIV Medicine, The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn M. Kon
- Tuberculosis Service, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Sampson
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, Flow Cytometry Facility, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Taylor
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hassan SS, Akram M, King EC, Dockrell HM, Cliff JM. PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Gene Expression on T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells Declines in Conjunction with a Reduction in PD-1 Protein during the Intensive Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137646. [PMID: 26359860 PMCID: PMC4567315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PD-1 axis is a cell intrinsic immunoregulatory pathway that mediates T cell exhaustion in chronic infection particularly in some viral infections. We hypothesized that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 would be highly expressed in untreated tuberculosis patients compared to controls due to their chronic infection and would decrease with successful TB treatment. Materials and Methods Untreated tuberculosis patients (n = 26) were recruited at diagnosis and followed up during treatment. Household contacts (n = 24) were recruited to establish baseline differences. Blood gene expression ex vivo was investigated using qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to establish protein expression patterns. Results PD-L1 gene expression was found to be elevated in active TB disease; however, this was not observed for PD-1 or PD-L2. The intensive phase of TB treatment was associated with a significant decline in PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression. PD-1 protein expression on the surface of NK cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells was similar in patients with active TB disease compared to controls but declined with successful TB treatment, with the greatest decline occurring on the NK cells followed by CD8+ T cells and then CD4+ T cells. Granzyme B/PD-1 co-expression declined with successful intensive phase treatment. Conclusion Modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway through TB treatment indicates changes in the peripheral T cell response caused by live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) followed by the response to dead bacilli, antigen-release and immuno-pathology resolution. The PD-1 axis could be a host drug target for immunomodulatory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S. Hassan
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Elizabeth C. King
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Shankar EM, Vignesh R, Ellegård R, Barathan M, Chong YK, Bador MK, Rukumani DV, Sabet NS, Kamarulzaman A, Velu V, Larsson M. HIV-Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection: a 'danger-couple model' of disease pathogenesis. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:110-8. [PMID: 24214523 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection interfere and impact the pathogenesis phenomena of each other. Owing to atypical clinical presentations and diagnostic complications, HIV/TB co-infection continues to be a menace for healthcare providers. Although the increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a reduction in HIV-associated opportunistic infections and mortality, the concurrent management of HIV/TB co-infection remains a challenge owing to adverse effects, complex drug interactions, overlapping toxicities and tuberculosis -associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Several hypotheses have been put forward for the exacerbation of tuberculosis by HIV and vice versa supported by immunological studies. Discussion on the mechanisms produced by infectious cofactors with impact on disease pathology could shed light on how to design potential interventions that could decelerate disease progression. With no vaccine for HIV and lack of an effective vaccine for tuberculosis, it is essential to design strategies against HIV-TB co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaki M Shankar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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