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Ekouevi DK, Coffie PA, Tchounga BK, Poda A, Jaquet A, Dabis F, Eholie SP. Prevalence of hepatitis C among HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually reactive patients: A multi-country cross-sectional survey in West Africa. J Public Health Afr 2018; 9:871. [PMID: 30687482 PMCID: PMC6325423 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2018.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on the impact of HIV-2 infection on HCV viral replication. The aim of the study was to compare HCV prevalence and viral replication based on HIV types in West Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted within the IeDEA HIV-2 West Africa cohort from March to December 2012. All HIVinfected adult patients who attended participating HIV clinics during the study period were included. Blood samples were collected and re-tested for HIV type discrimination, HCV serology and viral load. A total of 767 patients were enrolled: 186 HIV-1, 431 HIV-2 and 150 HIV-1&2 dually reactive. At time of sampling, 531 (69.2%) were on ART and median CD4+ cell count was 472/mm3. Thirty (3.9%, 95% CI 2.7-5.5) patients were anti-HCV positive (4.3% in HIV-1, 4.0% in HIV-1&2 dually reactive and 3.7% in HIV-2; p=0.91). Detectable HCV RNA was identified in 21 (70.0%) patients (100% in HIV-1 and HIV- 1&2 dually reactive vs. 43.8% in HIV-2; p=0.003). Systematic screening should be promoted and performed in this population, since HCV is now potentially curable in sub- Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier K Ekouevi
- Université de Lomé, Département de Santé Publique, Lomé-Togo.,ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Patrick A Coffie
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Boris K Tchounga
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Armel Poda
- Université Polytechnique de Bobo, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Hôpital de Jour de Bobo, Service des Maladies Infectieuses (CHU Souro Sanou), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Jaquet
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Dabis
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux & Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France.,Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Serge P Eholie
- Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Département de Dermatologie et d'Infectiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Chang M, Wong AJS, Raugi DN, Smith RA, Seilie AM, Ortega JP, Bogusz KM, Sall F, Ba S, Seydi M, Gottlieb GS, Coombs RW. Clinical validation of a novel diagnostic HIV-2 total nucleic acid qualitative assay using the Abbott m2000 platform: Implications for complementary HIV-2 nucleic acid testing for the CDC 4th generation HIV diagnostic testing algorithm. J Clin Virol 2016; 86:56-61. [PMID: 27951466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2014 CDC 4th generation HIV screening algorithm includes an orthogonal immunoassay to confirm and discriminate HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Additional nucleic acid testing (NAT) is recommended to resolve indeterminate or undifferentiated HIV seroreactivity. HIV-2 NAT requires a second-line assay to detect HIV-2 total nucleic acid (TNA) in patients' blood cells, as a third of untreated patients have undetectable plasma HIV-2 RNA. OBJECTIVES To validate a qualitative HIV-2 TNA assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-2-infected Senegalese study participants. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated the assay precision, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance of an HIV-2 TNA assay. Matched plasma and PBMC samples were collected from 25 HIV-1, 30 HIV-2, 8 HIV-1/-2 dual-seropositive and 25 HIV seronegative individuals. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by comparing the outcome of the TNA assay to the results obtained by the 4th generation HIV screening and confirmatory immunoassays. RESULTS All PBMC from 30 HIV-2 seropositive participants tested positive for HIV-2 TNA including 23 patients with undetectable plasma RNA. Of the 30 matched plasma specimens, one was HIV non-reactive. Samples from 50 non-HIV-2 infected individuals were confirmed as non-reactive for HIV-2 Ab and negative for HIV-2 TNA. The agreement between HIV-2 TNA and the combined immunoassay results was 98.8% (79/80). Furthermore, HIV-2 TNA was detected in 7 of 8 PBMC specimens from HIV-1/HIV-2 dual-seropositive participants. CONCLUSIONS Our TNA assay detected HIV-2 DNA/RNA in PBMC from serologically HIV-2 reactive, HIV indeterminate or HIV undifferentiated individuals with undetectable plasma RNA, and is suitable for confirming HIV-2 infection in the HIV testing algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Audrey J S Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Dana N Raugi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jose P Ortega
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kyle M Bogusz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Fatima Sall
- Clinique des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima Diop Mar - CHNU de Fann, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Selly Ba
- Clinique des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima Diop Mar - CHNU de Fann, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Clinique des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima Diop Mar - CHNU de Fann, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Geoffrey S Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert W Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
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Visseaux B, Damond F, Matheron S, Descamps D, Charpentier C. Hiv-2 molecular epidemiology. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:233-240. [PMID: 27530215 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus of sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) has been revealed to be at the origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) in humans, firstly detected from two Portuguese patients in 1986. HIV-2 is mainly restricted to West Africa where it infects up to 1 to 2 million people. HIV-2 is also present in Europe, mainly Portugal and France, India and United States of America. Two major HIV-2 groups, groups A and B, were generated by two independent transmission events involving infected sooty mangabeys from the Taï forest in Ivory Coast. Seven other HIV-2 groups have been described, but each has only been identified in one patient. To date, no subtypes have been formally described but some preliminary data suggest that HIV-2 group A may be divided in two distinct subtypes with distinct geographical origins. To date only two recombinant forms have been described: one circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AB) and one unique recombinant form. In this review, we focused mainly on molecular data available and their insights about HIV-2 origins, diversity, drug resistance and global epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Visseaux
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Damond
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Matheron
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
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Ekouévi DK, Avettand-Fènoël V, Tchounga BK, Coffie PA, Sawadogo A, Minta D, Minga A, Eholie SP, Plantier JC, Damond F, Dabis F, Rouzioux C. Plasma HIV-2 RNA According to CD4 Count Strata among HIV-2-Infected Adults in the IeDEA West Africa Collaboration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129886. [PMID: 26111242 PMCID: PMC4482391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma HIV-1 RNA monitoring is one of the standard tests for the management of HIV-1 infection. While HIV-1 RNA can be quantified using several commercial tests, no test has been commercialized for HIV-2 RNA quantification. We studied the relationship between plasma HIV-2 viral load (VL) and CD4 count in West African patients who were either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) or treatment-naïve. Method A cross sectional survey was conducted among HIV-2-infected individuals followed in three countries in West Africa from March to December 2012. All HIV-2 infected-patients who attended one of the participating clinics were proposed a plasma HIV-2 viral load measurement. HIV-2 RNA was quantified using the new ultrasensitive in-house real-time PCR assay with a detection threshold of 10 copies/ mL (cps/mL). Results A total of 351 HIV-2-infected individuals participated in this study, of whom 131 (37.3%) were treatment naïve and 220 (62.7%) had initiated ART. Among treatment-naïve patients, 60 (46.5%) had undetectable plasma HIV-2 viral load (<10 cps/mL), it was detectable between 10-100 cps/mL in 35.8%, between 100-1000 cps/mL in 11.7% and >1000 cps/mL in 6.0% of the patients. Most of the treatment-naïve patients (70.2%) had CD4-T cell count ≥500 cells/mm3 and 43 (46.7%) of these patients had a detectable VL (≥10 cps/mL). Among the 220 patients receiving ART, the median CD4-T cell count rose from 231 to 393 cells/mm3 (IQR [259-561]) after a median follow-up duration of 38 months and 145 (66.0%) patients had CD4-T cell count ≤ 500 cells/mm3 with a median viral load of 10 cps/mL (IQR [10-33]). Seventy five (34.0%) patients had CD4-T cell count ≥ 500 cells/mm3, among them 14 (18.7%) had a VL between 10-100 cps/mL and 2 (2.6%) had VL >100 cps/mL. Conclusion This study suggests that the combination of CD4-T cell count and ultrasensitive HIV-2 viral load quantification with a threshold of 10 cps/mL, could improve ART initiation among treatment naïve HIV-2-infected patients and the monitoring of ART response among patients receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier K. Ekouévi
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897- Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U897, ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- * E-mail:
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fènoël
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA7327, Paris, France
| | - Boris K. Tchounga
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897- Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U897, ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Patrick A. Coffie
- Programme PACCI, site de recherche ANRS, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Adrien Sawadogo
- Hôpital de Jour, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU SouroSanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso
| | - Daouda Minta
- Centre de Prise en Charge des Personnes vivant avec le VIH, Hôpital du Point G, Bamako, Mali (service des Maladies Infectieuses)
| | - Albert Minga
- Centre Médical de Suivi de Donneurs de Sang/CNTS/PRIMO-CI, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Serge P. Eholie
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jean-Christophe Plantier
- Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
- GRAM, Equipe d’Accueil 2656, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation en Biomédecine, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Florence Damond
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - François Dabis
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897- Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U897, ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Rouzioux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA7327, Paris, France
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