1
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Wang H, Dong Y, Wang M, Li S, Zhou Y, Ji Y. The miR184-3p targets neuron-specific ecdysone inducible protein 78 to promote rice black streaked dwarf virus propagation in its planthopper vector. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4417-4426. [PMID: 38676556 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in antiviral infection. The miR184-3p has been identified to promote rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infection in vector Laodelphax striatellus, whether it targets other genes of L. striatellus to modulate RBSDV propagation remains unknown. RESULTS We first analyzed the expression profiles of miR184-3p and its role in regulating RBSDV infection in L. striatellus. Then the candidate genes expression of miR184-3p were systemically analyzed with gain and loss function of miR184-3p, and the interaction of candidate gene, ecdysone inducible protein 78 (Eip78) with miR184-3p was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. We found Eip78 is evolutionary conserved among agricultural pests and predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of L. striatellus. Knockdown of Eip78 effectively increased RBSDV propagation and transmission. Blockade with Eip78 antibody or injection with Eip78 protein could significantly regulate RBSDV infection. Further analysis revealed that knockdown of Eip78 specifically suppresses RBSDV infection in the head part but not in the body part of L. striatellus. Besides, knockdown of ecdysone receptor (EcR) notably restricted Eip78 expression and increased RBSDV accumulation in L. striatellus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we identified a novel target gene of miR184-3p, Eip78, a member of the ecdysone signaling pathway, and revealed the anti-RBSDV role of Eip78 in the CNS of L. striatellus. These results shed light on the interaction mechanisms of miRNAs, virus and ecdysone signaling pathway in insect vector. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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2
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Li W, Pan D, Ma B, Duan X, Dong C, Wang L, Zhao M, Zhao S, Zhang S, Wu J. A resource for functional investigation of miRNAs in rice responses to viral infection. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 39180337 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenji Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dezhuo Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 247, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baining Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingfu Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 247, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangshangdian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Yang Z, Li G, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhou T, Ye J, Wang X, Zhang X, Sun Z, Tao X, Wu M, Wu J, Li Y. Crop antiviral defense: Past and future perspective. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-024-2680-3. [PMID: 39190125 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Viral pathogens not only threaten the health and life of humans and animals but also cause enormous crop yield losses and contribute to global food insecurity. To defend against viral pathogens, plants have evolved an intricate immune system to perceive and cope with such attacks. Although most of the fundamental studies were carried out in model plants, more recent research in crops has provided new insights into the antiviral strategies employed by crop plants. We summarize recent advances in understanding the biological roles of cellular receptors, RNA silencing, RNA decay, hormone signaling, autophagy, and ubiquitination in manipulating crop host-mediated antiviral responses. The potential functions of circular RNAs, the rhizosphere microbiome, and the foliar microbiome of crops in plant-virus interactions will be fascinating research directions in the future. These findings will be beneficial for the development of modern crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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4
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Balassa K, Balassa G, Almási A, Visnovitz T, Rudnóy S. Detection of exogenous siRNA inside sweet corn bundle sheath cells and the RNAi dynamics in the early stage of Maize dwarf mosaic virus infection. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1265-1276. [PMID: 39184556 PMCID: PMC11341793 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is one of the most serious viruses of sweet corn. Utilising the process of RNA interference, the exogenous introduction of small RNA molecules mimicking virus-derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the plant prior to infection triggers the antiviral RNA silencing effect, thereby promoting more effective antiviral protection. Hence, a treatment with MDMV-derived small RNA was applied to sweet corn plants one day before MDMV virus inoculation. ALEXA FLUOR®488 fluorophore-bound exogenous siRNA was successfully detected inside intact sweet corn cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the exogenous siRNA treatment led to a notable upregulation of the AGO1, AGO2b, AGO10b, AGO18a, DCL1, DCL3a, DCL4, RDR1, and MOP1 genes within 24 h of the treatment. Overall, exogenous siRNA treatment resulted in better virus control of infected sweet corn plants, as indicated by the lower viral RNA and coat protein levels compared to the infected group without pre-treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01500-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Balassa
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - György Balassa
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Asztéria Almási
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Rudnóy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Eurofins BIOMI Ltd, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
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5
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Silvestri A, Bansal C, Rubio-Somoza I. After silencing suppression: miRNA targets strike back. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00119-5. [PMID: 38811245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Within the continuous tug-of-war between plants and microbes, RNA silencing stands out as a key battleground. Pathogens, in their quest to colonize host plants, have evolved a diverse arsenal of silencing suppressors as a common strategy to undermine the host's RNA silencing-based defenses. When RNA silencing malfunctions in the host, genes that are usually targeted and silenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) become active and can contribute to the reprogramming of host cells, providing an additional defense mechanism. A growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs may act as intracellular sensors to enable a rapid response to pathogen threats. Herein we review how plant miRNA targets play a crucial role in immune responses against different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Molecular Reprogramming and Evolution Laboratory, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chandni Bansal
- Molecular Reprogramming and Evolution Laboratory, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rubio-Somoza
- Molecular Reprogramming and Evolution Laboratory, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08001, Spain.
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6
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Yu S, Li S, Wang W, Tang D. OsCAMTA3 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Associating with OsCAMTAPL in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5049. [PMID: 38732268 PMCID: PMC11084498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple foods worldwide. However, rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. Calmodulin-binding transcriptional activators (CAMTAs) play vital roles in the response to biotic stresses. In this study, we showed that OsCAMTA3 and CAMTA PROTEIN LIKE (OsCAMTAPL), an OsCAMTA3 homolog that lacks the DNA-binding domain, functioned together in negatively regulating disease resistance in rice. OsCAMTA3 associated with OsCAMTAPL. The oscamta3 and oscamtapl mutants showed enhanced resistance compared to wild-type plants, and oscamta3/pl double mutants showed more robust resistance to M. oryzae than oscamta3 or oscamtapl. An RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 59 and 73 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed in wild-type plants and oscamta3 before and after inoculation with M. oryzae, including OsALDH2B1, an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that negatively regulates plant immunity. OsCAMTA3 could directly bind to the promoter of OsALDH2B1, and OsALDH2B1 expression was decreased in oscamta3, oscamtapl, and oscamta3/pl mutants. In conclusion, OsCAMTA3 associates with OsCAMTAPL to regulate disease resistance by binding and activating the expression of OsALDH2B1 in rice, which reveals a strategy by which rice controls rice blast disease and provides important genes for resistance breeding holding a certain positive impact on ensuring food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Y.); (S.L.)
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7
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Asadi M, Millar AA. Review: Plant microRNAs in pathogen defense: A panacea or a piece of the puzzle? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:111993. [PMID: 38266718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) control key agronomic traits that are associated with their conserved role(s) in development. However, despite a multitude of studies, the utility of miRNAs in plant-pathogen resistance remains less certain. Reviewing the literature identifies three general classes of miRNAs regarding plant pathogen defense. Firstly, a number of evolutionary dynamic 22 nucleotide miRNA families that repress large numbers of plant immunity genes, either directly, or through triggering the biogenesis of secondary siRNAs. However, understanding of their role in defense and of their manipulation to enhance pathogen resistance are still lacking. Secondly, highly conserved miRNAs that indirectly impact disease resistance through their targets that are primarily regulating development or hormone signaling. Any alteration of these miRNAs usually results in pleiotropic impacts, which may alter disease resistance in some plant species, and against some pathogens. Thirdly, are the comparatively diverse and evolutionary dynamic set of non-conserved miRNAs, some of which contribute to pathogen resistance, but whose narrow evolutionary presence will likely restrict their utility. Therefore, reflecting the diverse and evolving nature of plant-pathogen interactions, a complex interplay of plant miRNAs with pathogen responses exists. Any miRNA-based solution for pathogen resistance will likely be highly specific, rather than a general panacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Agricultural Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Anthony A Millar
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crop development, ANU, Canberra, Australia.
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8
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Zaheer U, Munir F, Salum YM, He W. Function and regulation of plant ARGONAUTE proteins in response to environmental challenges: a review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17115. [PMID: 38560454 PMCID: PMC10979746 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses diversely affect multiple processes related to the growth, development, and yield of many crops worldwide. In response, plants have developed numerous sophisticated defense mechanisms at the cellular and subcellular levels to react and adapt to biotic and abiotic stressors. RNA silencing, which is an innate immune mechanism, mediates sequence-specific gene expression regulation in higher eukaryotes. ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are essential components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). They bind to small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) and target complementary RNAs, causing translational repression or triggering endonucleolytic cleavage pathways. In this review, we aim to illustrate the recently published molecular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and biological roles of AGO family proteins in model plants and cash crops, especially in the defense against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, which could be helpful in crop improvement and stress tolerance in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Zaheer
- Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Faisal Munir
- Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yussuf Mohamed Salum
- Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weiyi He
- Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Plant Protection, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Ye J, Wei T, Li Z, Tao X, Cui F, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan F, Li S, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Li Y. Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:579-622. [PMID: 37924266 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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10
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Singh K, Sharma D, Bhagat PK, Tayyeba S, Noryang S, Sinha AK. Phosphorylation of AGO1a by MAP kinases is required for miRNA mediated resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae infection in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111967. [PMID: 38154578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight is a devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) which causes severe crop loss in rice. The molecular mechanism that initiates defense against such pathogens remains unexplored. Reports have suggested crucial role of several miRNAs in regulating immune responses in plants. Argonaute (AGO) proteins have been implicated in imparting immunity against pathogens by using small RNAs as guide molecules. Here, we show that phosphorylation of rice AGO1a by MAP kinases is required for miRNA expression regulation during Xoo infection. AGO1a is induced in response to pathogen infection and is under the control of SA signaling pathway. The pathogen responsive MAP kinases MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6, interact with AGO1a in planta and can phosphorylate the protein in vitro. Overexpression of AGO1a extends disease resistance against Xoo in rice and leads to a higher accumulation of miRNAs. Conversely, overexpression of a non phosphorylatable mutant protein aggravates disease susceptibility and remarkably suppresses the miRNA expression levels. At a molecular level, phosphorylation of AGO1a by MAP kinase is required for increased accumulation of miRNAs during pathogen challenge. Taken together, the data suggests that OsAGO1a is a direct phosphorylation target of MAP kinases and this phosphorylation is crucial for its role in imparting disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Bhagat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaira Tayyeba
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Stanzin Noryang
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Biochemistry Department, Elizer Joldan Memorial College, UT Ladakh 194101, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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11
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Xu X, Lou Y, Liang K, Liu J, Wang Z, Chen B, Li W. The P2 nucleic acid binding protein of Sugarcane bacilliform virus is a viral pathogenic factor. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16982. [PMID: 38406282 PMCID: PMC10885806 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Saccharum spp. is the primary source of sugar and plays a significant role in global renewable bioenergy. Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) is one of the most important viruses infecting sugarcane, causing severe yield losses and quality degradation. It is of great significance to reveal the pathogenesis of SCBV and resistance breeding. However, little is known about the viral virulence factors or RNA silencing suppressors and the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. Methods To systematically investigate the functions of the unknown protein P2 encoded by SCBV ORF2. Phylogenetic analysis was implemented to infer the evolutionary relationship between the P2 of SCBV and other badnaviruses. The precise subcellular localization of P2 was verified in the transient infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal mesophyll cells and protoplasts using the Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) RNA silencing suppressor activity of P2 was analyzed, respectively. Furthermore, restriction digestion and RT-qPCR assays were conducted to verify the probable mechanism of P2 on repressing DNA methylation. To explore the pathogenicity of P2, a potato virus X-based viral vector was used to heterologously express SCBV P2 and the consequent H2O2 accumulation was detected by the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining method. Results Phylogenetic analysis shows that SCBV has no obvious sequence similarity and low genetic relatedness to Badnavirus and Tungrovirus representatives. LSCM studies show that P2 is localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, P2 is shown to be a suppressor of PTGS and TGS, which can not only repress ssRNA-induced gene silencing but also disrupt the host RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. In addition, P2 can trigger an oxidative burst and cause typical hypersensitive-like response (HLR) necrosis in systemic leaves of N. benthamiana when expressed by PVX. Overall, our results laid a foundation for deciphering the molecular mechanism of SCBV pathogenesis and made progress for resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinian Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi key Laboratory of Sugarcane biology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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12
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Vaucheret H, Voinnet O. The plant siRNA landscape. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:246-275. [PMID: 37772967 PMCID: PMC10827316 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Whereas micro (mi)RNAs are considered the clean, noble side of the small RNA world, small interfering (si)RNAs are often seen as a noisy set of molecules whose barbarian acronyms reflect a large diversity of often elusive origins and functions. Twenty-five years after their discovery in plants, however, new classes of siRNAs are still being identified, sometimes in discrete tissues or at particular developmental stages, making the plant siRNA world substantially more complex and subtle than originally anticipated. Focusing primarily on the model Arabidopsis, we review here the plant siRNA landscape, including transposable elements (TE)-derived siRNAs, a vast array of non-TE-derived endogenous siRNAs, as well as exogenous siRNAs produced in response to invading nucleic acids such as viruses or transgenes. We primarily emphasize the extraordinary sophistication and diversity of their biogenesis and, secondarily, the variety of their known or presumed functions, including via non-cell autonomous activities, in the sporophyte, gametophyte, and shortly after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Vaucheret
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Olivier Voinnet
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Li Z, Tang Y, Lan G, Yu L, Ding S, She X, He Z. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal That Jasmonic Acids May Facilitate the Infection of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in Bottle Gourd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16566. [PMID: 38068889 PMCID: PMC10706418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a typical seed-borne tobamovirus that mainly infects cucurbit crops. Due to the rapid growth of international trade, CGMMV has spread worldwide and become a significant threat to cucurbit industry. Despite various studies focusing on the interaction between CGMMV and host plants, the molecular mechanism of CGMMV infection is still unclear. In this study, we utilized transcriptome and metabolome analyses to investigate the antiviral response of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) under CGMMV stress. The transcriptome analysis revealed that in comparison to mock-inoculated bottle gourd, 1929 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CGMMV-inoculated bottle gourd. Among them, 1397 genes were upregulated while 532 genes were downregulated. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in pathways including the metabolic pathway, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The metabolome result showed that there were 76 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), of which 69 metabolites were up-accumulated, and 7 metabolites were down-accumulated. These DAMs were clustered into several pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, tyrosine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Combining the transcriptome and metabolome results, the genes and metabolites involved in the jasmonic acid and its derivatives (JAs) synthesis pathway were significantly induced upon CGMMV infection. The silencing of the allene oxide synthase (AOS) gene, which is the key gene involved in JAs synthesis, reduced CGMMV accumulation. These findings suggest that JAs may facilitate CGMMV infection in bottle gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoman She
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (S.D.)
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15
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Liang C, Wang X, He H, Xu C, Cui J. Beyond Loading: Functions of Plant ARGONAUTE Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16054. [PMID: 38003244 PMCID: PMC10671604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are key components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that mediates gene silencing in eukaryotes. Small-RNA (sRNA) cargoes are selectively loaded into different members of the AGO protein family and then target complementary sequences to in-duce transcriptional repression, mRNA cleavage, or translation inhibition. Previous reviews have mainly focused on the traditional roles of AGOs in specific biological processes or on the molecular mechanisms of sRNA sorting. In this review, we summarize the biological significance of canonical sRNA loading, including the balance among distinct sRNA pathways, cross-regulation of different RISC activities during plant development and defense, and, especially, the emerging roles of AGOs in sRNA movement. We also discuss recent advances in novel non-canonical functions of plant AGOs. Perspectives for future functional studies of this evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein family will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the multi-faceted AGO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jie Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (C.X.)
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16
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Wu Z, Luo D, Zhang S, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen M, Li X. A systematic review of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in the age of omics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3397-3407. [PMID: 37291065 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is one of the most damaging rice viruses. The virus decreases rice quality and yield, and poses a serious threat to food security. From this perspective, this review performed a survey of published studies in recent years to understand the current status of SRBSDV and white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) transmission processes in rice. Recent studies have shown that the interactions between viral virulence proteins and rice susceptibility factors shape the transmission of SRBSDV. Moreover, the transmission of SRBSDV is influenced by the interactions between viral virulence proteins and S. furcifera susceptibility factors. This review focused on the molecular mechanisms of key genes or proteins associated with SRBSDV infection in rice via the S. furcifera vector, and the host defense response mechanisms against viral infection. A sustainable control strategy using RNAi was summarized to address this pest. Finally, we also present a model for screening anti-SRBSDV inhibitors using viral proteins as targets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shanqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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17
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Tu CW, Huang YW, Lee CW, Kuo SY, Lin NS, Hsu YH, Hu CC. Argonaute 5-mediated antiviral defense and viral counter-defense in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2023; 334:199179. [PMID: 37481165 PMCID: PMC10405324 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The argonaute (AGO) family proteins play a crucial role in preventing viral invasions through the plant antiviral RNA silencing pathway, with distinct AGO proteins recruited for specific antiviral mechanisms. Our previous study revealed that Nicotiana benthamiana AGO5 (NbAGO5) expression was significantly upregulated in response to bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection. However, the roles of NbAGO5 in antiviral mechanisms remained to be explored. In this research, we examined the antiviral functions of NbAGO5 in the infections of different viruses. It was found that the accumulation of NbAGO5 was induced not only at the RNA but also at the protein level following the infections of BaMV, potato virus X (PVX), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in N. benthamiana. To explore the antiviral mechanism and regulatory function of NbAGO5, we generated NbAGO5 overexpression (OE-NbAGO5) and knockout (nbago5) transgenic N. benthamiana lines. Our findings reveal that NbAGO5 provides defense against BaMV, PVX, TMV, and a mutant CMV deficient in 2b gene, but not against the wild-type CMV and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Through affinity purification and small RNA northern blotting, we demonstrated that NbAGO5 exerts its antiviral function by binding to viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Moreover, we observed that CMV 2b and TuMV HC-Pro interact with NbAGO5, triggering its degradation via the 26S proteasome and autophagy pathways, thereby allowing these viruses to overcome NbAGO5-mediated defense. In addition, TuMV HC-Pro provides another line of counter-defense by interfering with vsiRNA binding by NbAGO5. Our study provides further insights into the antiviral RNA interference mechanism and the complex interplay between NbAGO5 and plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Tu
- PhD Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Song-Yi Kuo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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18
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Liu M, Wu H, Hong N, Kang B, Peng B, Liu L, Gu Q. Argonaute 1 and 5 proteins play crucial roles in the defence against cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in watermelon. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:961-972. [PMID: 37118922 PMCID: PMC10346368 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing, a core part of plants' antiviral defence, requires the ARGONAUTE, DICER-like, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins. However, how these proteins contribute to watermelon's RNA interference (RNAi) pathway response to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) has not been characterized. Here, we identify seven ClAGO, four ClDCL, and 11 ClRDR genes in watermelon and analyse their expression profiles when infected with CGMMV. ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 expression levels were highly induced by CGMMV infection. The results of ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 overexpression and silencing experiments suggest that these genes play central roles in watermelon's antiviral defence. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that ClAGO1 interacts with ClAGO5 in vivo, suggesting that ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 co-regulate watermelon defence against CGMMV infection. We also identified the ethylene response factor (ERF) binding site in the promoters of the ClAGO1 and ClAGO5 genes, and ethylene (ETH) treatment significantly increased ClAGO5 expression. Two ERF genes (Cla97C08G147180 and Cla97C06G122830) closely related to ClAGO5 expression were identified using co-expression analysis. Subcellular localization revealed that two ERFs and ClAGO5 predominantly localize at the nucleus, suggesting that enhancement of resistance to CGMMV by ETH is probably achieved through ClAGO5 but not ClAGO1. Our findings reveal aspects of the mechanisms underlying RNA silencing in watermelon against CGMMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huijie Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Baoshan Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Bin Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Liming Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
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19
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Silva-Martins G, Roussin-Léveillée C, Bolaji A, Veerapen VP, Moffett P. A Jasmonic Acid-Related Mechanism Affects ARGONAUTE5 Expression and Antiviral Defense Against Potato Virus X in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:425-433. [PMID: 36853196 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-22-0224-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During virus infection, Argonaute (AGO) proteins bind to Dicer-produced virus small interfering RNAs and target viral RNA based on sequence complementarity, thereby limiting virus proliferation. The Arabidopsis AGO2 protein is important for resistance to multiple viruses, including potato virus X (PVX). In addition, AGO5 is important in systemic defense against PVX. Normally AGO5 is expressed only in reproductive tissues, and its induction by virus infection is thought to be important for its participation in antiviral defense. However, it is unclear what mechanisms induce AGO5 expression in response to virus infection. Here, we show that dde2-2, a mutant compromised in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, displays constitutive upregulation of AGO5. This mutant also showed increased resistance to PVX and this resistance was dependent on a functional AGO5 gene. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate treatment ablated AGO5 expression in leaves during virus infection and resulted in increased susceptibility to virus. Our results further support a role for AGO5 in antiviral RNA silencing and a negative regulation by JA, a plant hormone associated with defense against plant-feeding arthropods, which are often the vectors of plant viruses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Silva-Martins
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Ayooluwa Bolaji
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Varusha Pillay Veerapen
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Anikina I, Kamarova A, Issayeva K, Issakhanova S, Mustafayeva N, Insebayeva M, Mukhamedzhanova A, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Lho LH, Han H, Raposo A. Plant protection from virus: a review of different approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163270. [PMID: 37377807 PMCID: PMC10291191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes methods for controlling plant viral infection. The high harmfulness of viral diseases and the peculiarities of viral pathogenesis impose special requirements regarding developing methods to prevent phytoviruses. The control of viral infection is complicated by the rapid evolution, variability of viruses, and the peculiarities of their pathogenesis. Viral infection in plants is a complex interdependent process. The creation of transgenic varieties has caused much hope in the fight against viral pathogens. The disadvantages of genetically engineered approaches include the fact that the resistance gained is often highly specific and short-lived, and there are bans in many countries on the use of transgenic varieties. Modern prevention methods, diagnosis, and recovery of planting material are at the forefront of the fight against viral infection. The main techniques used for the healing of virus-infected plants include the apical meristem method, which is combined with thermotherapy and chemotherapy. These methods represent a single biotechnological complex method of plant recovery from viruses in vitro culture. It widely uses this method for obtaining non-virus planting material for various crops. The disadvantages of the tissue culture-based method of health improvement include the possibility of self-clonal variations resulting from the long-term cultivation of plants under in vitro conditions. The possibilities of increasing plant resistance by stimulating their immune system have expanded, which results from the in-depth study of the molecular and genetic bases of plant resistance toward viruses and the investigation of the mechanisms of induction of protective reactions in the plant organism. The existing methods of phytovirus control are ambiguous and require additional research. Further study of the genetic, biochemical, and physiological features of viral pathogenesis and the development of a strategy to increase plant resistance to viruses will allow a new level of phytovirus infection control to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Anikina
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Kamarova
- Biology and Ecology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuralay Issayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Madina Insebayeva
- Biotechnology Department, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business, Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Bélanger S, Zhan J, Meyers BC. Phylogenetic analyses of seven protein families refine the evolution of small RNA pathways in green plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1183-1203. [PMID: 36869858 PMCID: PMC10231463 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several protein families participate in the biogenesis and function of small RNAs (sRNAs) in plants. Those with primary roles include Dicer-like (DCL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR), and Argonaute (AGO) proteins. Protein families such as double-stranded RNA-binding (DRB), SERRATE (SE), and SUPPRESSION OF SILENCING 3 (SGS3) act as partners of DCL or RDR proteins. Here, we present curated annotations and phylogenetic analyses of seven sRNA pathway protein families performed on 196 species in the Viridiplantae (aka green plants) lineage. Our results suggest that the RDR3 proteins emerged earlier than RDR1/2/6. RDR6 is found in filamentous green algae and all land plants, suggesting that the evolution of RDR6 proteins coincides with the evolution of phased small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). We traced the origin of the 24-nt reproductive phased siRNA-associated DCL5 protein back to the American sweet flag (Acorus americanus), the earliest diverged, extant monocot species. Our analyses of AGOs identified multiple duplication events of AGO genes that were lost, retained, or further duplicated in subgroups, indicating that the evolution of AGOs is complex in monocots. The results also refine the evolution of several clades of AGO proteins, such as AGO4, AGO6, AGO17, and AGO18. Analyses of nuclear localization signal sequences and catalytic triads of AGO proteins shed light on the regulatory roles of diverse AGOs. Collectively, this work generates a curated and evolutionarily coherent annotation for gene families involved in plant sRNA biogenesis/function and provides insights into the evolution of major sRNA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junpeng Zhan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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22
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Ding SW. Transgene Silencing, RNA Interference, and the Antiviral Defense Mechanism Directed by Small Interfering RNAs. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:616-625. [PMID: 36441873 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0358-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One important discovery in plant pathology over recent decades is the natural antiviral defense mechanism mediated by RNA interference (RNAi). In antiviral RNAi, virus infection triggers Dicer processing of virus-specific double-stranded RNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Frequently, further amplified by host enzyme and cofactors, these virus-derived siRNAs direct specific virus clearance in an Argonaute protein-containing effector complex. The siRNAs derived from viruses and viroids accumulate to very high levels during infection. Because they overlap extensively in nucleotide sequence, this allows for deep sequencing and bioinformatics assembly of total small RNAs for rapid discovery and identification of viruses and viroids. Antiviral RNAi acts as the primary defense mechanism against both RNA and DNA viruses in plants, yet viruses still successfully infect plants. They do so because all currently recognized plant viruses combat the RNAi response by encoding at least one protein as a viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR) required for infection, even though plant viruses have small genome sizes with a limited coding capacity. This review article will recapitulate the key findings that have revealed the genetic pathway for the biogenesis and antiviral activity of viral siRNAs and the specific role of VSRs in infection by antiviral RNAi suppression. Moreover, early pioneering studies on transgene silencing, RNAi, and virus-plant/virus-virus interactions paved the road to the discovery of antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Wei Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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23
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Sheng C, Li X, Xia S, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Tang C, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou T, Nie P, Baig A, Niu D, Zhao H. An OsPRMT5-OsAGO2/miR1875-OsHXK1 module regulates rice immunity to blast disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1077-1095. [PMID: 36511124 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice ARGONAUTE2 (OsAGO2) is a core component of the rice RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is repressed by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) infection. Whether and how OsAGO2-mediated gene silencing plays a role in rice blast resistance and which sRNAs participate in this process are unknown. Our results indicate that OsAGO2 is a key immune player that manipulates rice defense responses against blast disease. OsAGO2 associates with the 24-nt miR1875 and binds to the promoter region of HEXOKINASE1 (OsHXK1), which causes DNA methylation and leads to gene silencing. Our multiple genetic evidence showed that, without M. oryzae infection, OsAGO2/miR1875 RISC promoted OsHXK1 promoter DNA methylation and OsHXK1 silencing; after M. oryzae infection, the reduced OsAGO2/miR1875 led to a relatively activated OsHXK1 expression. OsHXK1 acts as a positive regulator of blast disease resistance that OsHXK1-OE rice exhibited enhanced resistance, whereas Cas9-Oshxk1 rice showed reduced resistance against M. oryzae infection. OsHXK1 may function through its sugar sensor activity as glucose induced defense-related gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Nipponbare and OsHXK1-OE but not in Cas9-Oshxk1 rice. OsAGO2 itself is delicately regulated by OsPRMT5, which senses M. oryzae infection and attenuates OsAGO2-mediated gene silencing through OsAGO2 arginine methylation. Our study reveals an OsPRMT5-OsAGO2/miR1875-OsHXK1 regulatory module that fine tunes the rice defense response to blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengge Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yimai Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pingping Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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24
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A Novel miRNA in Rice Associated with the Low Seed Setting Rate Symptom of Rice Stripe Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043675. [PMID: 36835087 PMCID: PMC9967548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play key regulatory roles in plant development. The changed pattern of miRNA expression is involved in the production of viral symptoms. Here, we showed that a small RNA, Seq119, a putative novel microRNA, is associated with the low seed setting rate, a viral symptom of rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected rice. The expression of Seq 119 was downregulated in RSV-infected rice. The overexpression of Seq119 in transgenic rice plants did not cause any obvious phenotypic changes in plant development. When the expression of Seq119 was suppressed in rice plants either by expressing a mimic target or by CRISPR/Cas editing, seed setting rates were extremely low, similar to the effects of RSV infection. The putative targets of Seq119 were then predicted. The overexpression of the target of Seq119 in rice caused a low seed setting rate, similar to that in Seq119-suppressed or edited rice plants. Consistently, the expression of the target was upregulated in Seq119-suppressed and edited rice plants. These results suggest that downregulated Seq119 is associated with the low seed setting rate symptom of the RSV in rice.
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25
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Xia K, Pan X, Chen H, Xu X, Zhang M. Rice miR168a-5p regulates seed length, nitrogen allocation and salt tolerance by targeting OsOFP3, OsNPF2.4 and OsAGO1a, respectively. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153905. [PMID: 36580705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice microRNA168a (osa-miR168a) plays important roles in mediating flowering time, grain yield and vigor, seeding growth, and immunity by targeting the RNA-induced silencing complex component Argonaute 1 (AGO1). However, the functions of miR168a exerted by targeting other genes require further clarification before it could be used in rice molecular breeding. In this study, we identified a new target gene of osa-miR168a-5p (miR168a-5p) in rice called OsOFP3 (ovate family protein 3) and investigated the roles of miR168a-5p in response to brassinosteroids (BRs), salt stress, and nitrogen allocation. Up- and downregulated miR168a-5p expression respectively decreased and increased the expression of the BR-negative regulator OsOPF3. The results of RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'RLM-RACE) revealed cleavage sites in OsOPF3 and OsNPF2.4 mRNAs. The phenotype of miR168a-5p transgenic rice was BR-associated and included the lamina bending response to BR, short seeds, and low 1000-grain weight. MicroRNA 168a-5p also regulated the expression of the nitrate transporter, OsNPF2.4, which affected nitrogen allocation, and regulated OsAGO1a expression in response to salt stress. Taken together, rice miR168a-5p regulates BR-associated pathways, nitrogen transport, and stress by targeting OsOFP3, OsNPF2.4, and OsAGO1a, respectively, resulting in a series of important agronomic traits for rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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27
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Kong X, Yang M, Le BH, He W, Hou Y. The master role of siRNAs in plant immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1565-1574. [PMID: 35869407 PMCID: PMC9452763 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing mediated by small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) is a fundamental gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes that broadly governs cellular processes. It has been established that sRNAs are critical regulators of plant growth, development, and antiviral defence, while accumulating studies support positive roles of sRNAs in plant defence against bacteria and eukaryotic pathogens such as fungi and oomycetes. Emerging evidence suggests that plant sRNAs move between species and function as antimicrobial agents against nonviral parasites. Multiple plant pathosystems have been shown to involve a similar exchange of small RNAs between species. Recent analysis about extracellular sRNAs shed light on the understanding of the selection and transportation of sRNAs moving from plant to parasites. In this review, we summarize current advances regarding the function and regulatory mechanism of plant endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mediating plant defence against pathogen intruders including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and parasitic plants. Beyond that, we propose potential mechanisms behind the sorting of sRNAs moving between species and the idea that engineering siRNA-producing loci could be a useful strategy to improve disease resistance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Kong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri‐Seeds/School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri‐Seeds/School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Brandon H. Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wenrong He
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yingnan Hou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri‐Seeds/School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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28
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Mansour A, Mannaa M, Hewedy O, Ali MG, Jung H, Seo YS. Versatile Roles of Microbes and Small RNAs in Rice and Planthopper Interactions. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:432-448. [PMID: 36221916 PMCID: PMC9561162 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.07.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Planthopper infestation in rice causes direct and indirect damage through feeding and viral transmission. Host microbes and small RNAs (sRNAs) play essential roles in regulating biological processes, such as metabolism, development, immunity, and stress responses in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and insects. Recently, advanced metagenomic approaches have facilitated investigations on microbial diversity and its function in insects and plants, highlighting the significance of microbiota in sustaining host life and regulating their interactions with the environment. Recent research has also suggested significant roles for sRNA-regulated genes during rice-planthopper interactions. The response and behavior of the rice plant to planthopper feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome, which might be regulated by sRNAs. In addition, the roles of microbial symbionts and sRNAs in the host response to viral infection are complex and involve defense-related changes in the host transcriptomic profile. This review reviews the structure and potential functions of microbes and sRNAs in rice and the associated planthopper species. In addition, the involvement of the microbiota and sRNAs in the rice-planthopper-virus interactions during planthopper infestation and viral infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Mansour
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613,
Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cairo University, Giza 12613,
Egypt
| | - Omar Hewedy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1,
Canada
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514,
Egypt
| | - Mostafa G. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518,
Egypt
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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29
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Xu Y, Wang R, Ma P, Cao J, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Li T, Wu J, Zhang H. A novel maize microRNA negatively regulates resistance to Fusarium verticillioides. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1446-1460. [PMID: 35700097 PMCID: PMC9452762 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the defence response against multiple pathogenic fungi in diverse plant species, few efforts have been devoted to deciphering the involvement of miRNA in resistance to Fusarium verticillioides, a major pathogenic fungus affecting maize production. In this study, we discovered a novel F. verticillioides-responsive miRNA designated zma-unmiR4 in maize kernels. The expression of zma-unmiR4 was significantly repressed in the resistant maize line but induced in the susceptible lines upon exposure to F. verticillioides exposure, whereas its target gene ZmGA2ox4 exhibited the opposite pattern of expression. Heterologous overexpression of zma-unmiR4 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced growth and compromised resistance to F. verticillioides. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing ZmGA2ox4 or the homologue AtGA2ox7 showed impaired growth and enhanced resistance to F. verticillioides. Moreover, zma-unmiR4-mediated suppression of AtGA2ox7 disturbed the accumulation of bioactive gibberellin (GA) in transgenic plants and perturbed the expression of a set of defence-related genes in response to F. verticillioides. Exogenous application of GA or a GA biosynthesis inhibitor modulated F. verticillioides resistance in different plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the zma-unmiR4-ZmGA2ox4 module might act as a major player in balancing growth and resistance to F. verticillioides in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Renjie Wang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Peipei Ma
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Cao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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30
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Wang M, Wang J. Non-coding RNA expression analysis revealed the molecular mechanism of flag leaf heterosis in inter-subspecific hybrid rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990656. [PMID: 36226282 PMCID: PMC9549252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis has been used widespread in agriculture, but its molecular mechanism is inadequately understood. Plants have a large number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), among them, functional ncRNAs that have been studied widely containing long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) that play a role in varied biological processes, as well as microRNA (miRNA), which can not only regulate the post-transcriptional expression of target genes, but also target lncRNA and circRNA then participate the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. However, the influence of these three ncRNAs and their regulatory relationships on heterosis is unknown in rice. In this study, the expression profile of ncRNAs and the ncRNA regulatory network related to heterosis were comprehensively analyzed in inter-subspecific hybrid rice. A total of 867 miRNAs, 3,278 lncRNAs and 2,521 circRNAs were identified in the hybrid and its parents. Analysis of the global profiles of these three types of ncRNAs indicated that significant differences existed in the distribution and sequence characteristics of the corresponding genes. The numbers of miRNA and lncRNA in hybrid were higher than those in its parents. A total of 784 ncRNAs (169 miRNAs, 573 lncRNAs and 42 circRNAs) showed differentially expressed in the hybrid, and their target/host genes were vital in stress tolerance, growth and development in rice. These discoveries suggested that the expression plasticity of ncRNA has an important role of inter-subspecific hybrid rice heterosis. It is worth mentioning that miRNAs exhibited substantially more variations between hybrid and parents compared with observed variation for lncRNA and circRNA. Non-additive expression ncRNAs and allele-specific expression genes-related ncRNAs in hybrid were provided in this study, and multiple sets of ncRNA regulatory networks closely related to heterosis were obtained. Meanwhile, heterosis-related regulatory networks of ceRNA (lncRNA and circRNA) and miRNA were also demonstrated.
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Debnath S, Seth D, Pramanik S, Adhikari S, Mondal P, Sherpa D, Sen D, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of recent advances in biotechnology for plant virus research and significant accomplishments in human health and the pharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36063068 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites made by plants and used through their metabolic routes are today's most reliable and cost-effective way to make pharmaceuticals and improve health. The concept of genetic engineering is used for molecular pharming. As more people use plants as sources of nanotechnology systems, they are adding to this. These systems are made up of viruses-like particles (VLPs) and virus nanoparticles (VNPs). Due to their superior ability to be used as plant virus expression vectors, plant viruses are becoming more popular in pharmaceuticals. This has opened the door for them to be used in research, such as the production of medicinal peptides, antibodies, and other heterologous protein complexes. This is because biotechnological approaches have been linked with new bioinformatics tools. Because of the rise of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, it has become easier to use metagenomic studies to look for plant virus genomes that could be used in pharmaceutical research. A look at how bioinformatics can be used in pharmaceutical research is also covered in this article. It also talks about plant viruses and how new biotechnological tools and procedures have made progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Seth
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourish Pramanik
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanchari Adhikari
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimita Mondal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dechen Sherpa
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepjyoti Sen
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebarsham, Australia
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Characterization of Virus-Inducible Orchid Argonaute 5b Promoter and Its Functional Characterization in Nicotiana benthamiana during Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179825. [PMID: 36077222 PMCID: PMC9456093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant ARGONAUTES (AGOs) play a significant role in the defense against viral infection. Previously, we have demonstrated that AGO5s encoded in Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana (PaAGO5s) took an indispensable part in defense against major viruses. To understand the underlying defense mechanism, we cloned PaAGO5s promoters (pPaAGO5s) and analyzed their activity in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene. GUS activity analyses revealed that during Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infections, pPaAGO5b activity was significantly increased compared to pPaAGO5a and pPaAGO5c. Analysis of pPaAGO5b 5′-deletion revealed that pPaAGO5b_941 has higher activity during virus infection. Further, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that the transcription factor NbMYB30 physically interacted with pPaAGO5b_941 to enhance its activity. Overexpression and silencing of NbMYB30 resulted in up- and downregulation of GUS expression, respectively. Exogenous application and endogenous measurement of phytohormones have shown that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid respond to viral infections. NbMYB30 overexpression and its closest related protein, PaMYB30, in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana reduced CymMV accumulation in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana. Based on these discoveries, this study uncovers the interaction between virus-responsive promoter and the corresponding transcription factor in plants.
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Jin Z, Hong Y, Liu Y. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related gene expression during plant-virus interactions. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:33. [PMID: 37676459 PMCID: PMC10441928 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants encounter diverse invasions from pathogens including viruses. To survive and thrive, plants have evolved multilayered defense mechanisms to combat virus infection. RNAi, also known as RNA silencing, is an across-kingdom innate immunity and gene regulatory machinery. Molecular framework and crucial roles of RNAi in antiviral defense have been well-characterized. However, it is largely unknown that how RNAi is transcriptionally regulated to initiate, maintain and enhance cellular silencing under normal or stress conditions. Recently, insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related genes in different physiological processes have been emerging. In this review, we integrate these new findings to provide updated views on how plants modulate RNAi machinery at the (post-) transcriptional level to respond to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenhui Jin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Pérez-Cañamás M, Taliansky M, Hernández C. A Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing May Be Targeting a Plant Defence Pathway Involving Fibrillarin. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151903. [PMID: 35893605 PMCID: PMC9331457 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish productive infections, viruses must be able both to subdue the host metabolism for their own benefit and to counteract host defences. This frequently results in the establishment of viral–host protein–protein interactions that may have either proviral or antiviral functions. The study of such interactions is essential for understanding the virus–host interplay. Plant viruses with RNA genomes are typically translated, replicated, and encapsidated in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Despite this, a significant array of their encoded proteins has been reported to enter the nucleus, often showing high accumulation at subnuclear structures such as the nucleolus and/or Cajal bodies. However, the biological significance of such a distribution pattern is frequently unknown. Here, we explored whether the nucleolar/Cajal body localization of protein p37 of Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV, genus Pelarspovirus, family Tombusviridae), might be related to potential interactions with the nucleolar/Cajal body marker proteins, fibrillarin and coilin. The results revealed that p37, which has a dual role as coat protein and as suppressor of RNA silencing, a major antiviral system in plants, is able to associate with these cellular factors. Analysis of (wildtype and/or mutant) PLPV accumulation in plants with up- or downregulated levels of fibrillarin or coilin have suggested that the former might be involved in an as yet unknown antiviral pathway, which may be targeted by p37. The results suggest that the growing number of functions uncovered for fibrillarin can be wider and may prompt future investigations to unveil the plant antiviral responses in which this key nucleolar component may take part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pérez-Cañamás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Calle Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Michael Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Calle Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Ed. 8E. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Kumar K, Mandal SN, Neelam K, de los Reyes BG. MicroRNA-mediated host defense mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores in rice: balancing gains from genetic resistance with trade-offs to productivity potential. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:351. [PMID: 35850632 PMCID: PMC9290239 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major source of daily caloric intake for more than 30% of the human population. However, the sustained productivity of this staple food crop is continuously threatened by various pathogens and herbivores. Breeding has been successful in utilizing various mechanisms of defense by gene pyramiding in elite cultivars, but the continuous resurgence of highly resistant races of pathogens and herbivores often overcomes the inherent capacity of host plant immunity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by sequence-specific cleavage of target mRNA or suppressing target mRNA translation. While miRNAs function as upstream regulators of plant growth, development, and host immunity, their direct effects on growth and development in the context of balancing defenses with agronomic potential have not been extensively discussed and explored as a more viable strategy in breeding for disease and pest resistant cultivars of rice with optimal agronomic potentials. RESULTS Using the available knowledge in rice and other model plants, this review examines the important roles of miRNAs in regulating host responses to various fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens, and insect pests, in the context of gains and trade-offs to crop yield. Gains from R-gene-mediated resistance deployed in modern rice cultivars are often undermined by the rapid breakdown of resistance, negative pleiotropic effects, and linkage drags with undesirable traits. In stark contrast, several classes of miRNAs are known to efficiently balance the positive gains from host immunity without significant costs in terms of losses in agronomic potentials (i.e., yield penalty) in rice. Defense-related miRNAs such as Osa-miR156, Osa-miR159, Osa-miR162, Osa-miR396, Osa-530, Osa-miR1432, Osa-miR1871, and Osa-miR1873 are critical in fine-tuning and integrating immune responses with physiological processes that are necessary to the maintenance of grain yield. Recent research has shown that many defense-related miRNAs regulate complex and agronomically important traits. CONCLUSIONS Identification of novel immune-responsive miRNAs that orchestrate physiological processes critical to the full expression of agronomic potential will facilitate the stacking of optimal combinations of miRNA-encoding genes to develop high-yielding cultivars with durable resistance to disease and insect pests with minimal penalties to yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Kumar
- Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103 India
| | - Swarupa Nanda Mandal
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX-79415 USA
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Extended Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal 713101 India
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Yao S, Kang J, Guo G, Yang Z, Huang Y, Lan Y, Zhou T, Wang L, Wei C, Xu Z, Li Y. The key micronutrient copper orchestrates broad-spectrum virus resistance in rice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm0660. [PMID: 35776788 PMCID: PMC10883364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a critical regulator of plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which copper responds to virus invasion are unclear. We previously showed that SPL9-mediated transcriptional activation of miR528 adds a previously unidentified regulatory layer to the established ARGONAUTE (AGO18)-miR528-L-ascorbate oxidase (AO) antiviral defense. Here, we report that rice promotes copper accumulation in shoots by inducing copper transporter genes, including HMA5 and COPT, to counteract viral infection. Copper suppresses the transcriptional activation of miR528 by inhibiting the protein level of SPL9, thus alleviating miR528-mediated cleavage of AO transcripts to strengthen the antiviral response. Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5, COPT1, and COPT5 caused a significant reduction in copper accumulation and plant viral resistance because of the increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription. Gain in viral susceptibility was mitigated when SPL9 was mutated in the hma5 mutant background. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of copper homeostasis and the SPL9-miR528-AO antiviral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinrui Kang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ge Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Roles of RNA silencing in viral and non-viral plant immunity and in the crosstalk between disease resistance systems. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:645-662. [PMID: 35710830 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus-encoded suppressors of silencing counteract this defence system. In this Review, we discuss recent findings about antiviral RNA silencing, including the movement of RNA through plasmodesmata and the differentiation between plant self and viral RNAs. We also discuss the emerging role of RNA silencing in plant immunity against non-viral pathogens. This immunity is mediated by transkingdom movement of RNA into and out of the infected plant cells in vesicles or as extracellular nucleoproteins and, like antiviral immunity, is influenced by the silencing suppressors encoded in the pathogens' genomes. Another effect of RNA silencing on general immunity involves host-encoded small RNAs, including microRNAs, that regulate NOD-like receptors and defence signalling pathways in the innate immunity system of plants. These RNA silencing pathways form a network of processes with both positive and negative effects on the immune systems of plants.
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38
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Liu S, Chen M, Li R, Li WX, Gal-On A, Jia Z, Ding SW. Identification of positive and negative regulators of antiviral RNA interference in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2994. [PMID: 35637208 PMCID: PMC9151786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-host coevolution often drives virus immune escape. However, it remains unknown whether natural variations of plant virus resistance are enriched in genes of RNA interference (RNAi) pathway known to confer essential antiviral defense in plants. Here, we report two genome-wide association study screens to interrogate natural variation among wild-collected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in quantitative resistance to the endemic cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We demonstrate that the highest-ranked gene significantly associated with resistance from both screens acts to regulate antiviral RNAi in ecotype Columbia-0. One gene, corresponding to Reduced Dormancy 5 (RDO5), enhances resistance by promoting amplification of the virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Interestingly, the second gene, designated Antiviral RNAi Regulator 1 (VIR1), dampens antiviral RNAi so its genetic inactivation by CRISPR/Cas9 editing enhances both vsiRNA production and CMV resistance. Our findings identify positive and negative regulators of the antiviral RNAi defense that may play important roles in virus-host coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wan-Xiang Li
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Shou-Wei Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Zhang BS, Li YC, Guo HS, Zhao JH. Verticillium dahliae Secretes Small RNA to Target Host MIR157d and Retard Plant Floral Transition During Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847086. [PMID: 35519822 PMCID: PMC9062233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional trans-kingdom RNA silencing [or RNA interference (RNAi)] plays a key role in plant-pathogen interactions. It has been shown that plant hosts export specific endogenous miRNAs into pathogens to inhibit their virulence, whereas pathogens deliver small RNAs (sRNAs) into plant cells to disturb host immunity. Here, we report a trans-kingdom fungal sRNA retarding host plant floral transition by targeting a miRNA precursor. From Arabidopsis plants infected with Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne hemibiotrophic pathogenic fungus that causes wilt diseases in a wide range of plant hosts, we obtained a number of possible trans-kingdom V. dahliae sRNAs (VdsRNAs) by sequencing AGO1-immunoprecipitated sRNAs. Among these, a 24-nt VdsRNA derived from V. dahliae rRNA, VdrsR-1, was shown to be an actual trans-kingdom VdsRNA that targets the miR157d precursor MIR157d, resulting in increased rather than reduced miR157d accumulation in V. dahliae-infected plants. Consistent with the miR157 family in the regulation of vegetative and floral transitions by targeting SPL genes in several plant species, we detected two SPL genes, SPL13A/B, that were notably reduced in V. dahliae-infected and VdrsR-1-expressing plants compared with control plants. Furthermore, V. dahliae-infected and VdrsR-1-expressing plants also displayed delayed vegetative phase change and floral transition compared to control plants. Taken together, we disclosed a novel mode of action for a trans-kingdom fungal sRNA, VdrsR-1, which was secreted into host cells to modulate plant floral transition by employing the miR157d/SPL13A/B regulatory module, leading to prolonged host vegetative growth that would undoubtedly benefit fungal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Zhang L, Xiang Y, Chen S, Shi M, Jiang X, He Z, Gao S. Mechanisms of MicroRNA Biogenesis and Stability Control in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844149. [PMID: 35350301 PMCID: PMC8957957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which is 20-24 nucleotide long, regulate the expression of its target genes post-transcriptionally and play critical roles in plant normal growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stresses. In cells, miRNA biogenesis and stability control are important in regulating intracellular miRNA abundance. In addition, research on these two aspects has achieved fruitful results. In this review, we focus on the recent research progress in our understanding of miRNA biogenesis and their stability control in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Contamination, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengbo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianda Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoli He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Li Z, Li W, Guo M, Liu S, Liu L, Yu Y, Mo B, Chen X, Gao L. Origin, evolution and diversification of plant ARGONAUTE proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1086-1097. [PMID: 34845788 PMCID: PMC9208301 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Argonaute (AGO) proteins are central players in RNA interference in eukaryotes. They associate with small RNAs (sRNA) and lead to transcriptional or posttranscriptional silencing of targets, thereby regulating diverse biological processes. The molecular and biological functions of AGO proteins have been extensively characterized, particularly in a few angiosperm species, leading to the recognition that the AGO family has expanded to accommodate diverse sRNAs thereby performing diverse biological functions. However, understanding of the expansion of AGO proteins in plants is still limited, due to a dearth of knowledge of AGO proteins in green algal groups. Here, we identified more than 2900 AGO proteins from 244 plant species, including green algae, and performed a large-scale phylogenetic analysis. The phylogeny shows that the plant AGO family gave rise to four clades after the emergence of hydrobiontic algae and prior to the emergence of land plants. Subsequent parallel expansion in ferns and angiosperms resulted in eight main clades in angiosperms: AGO2, AGO7, AGO6, AGO4, AGO1, AGO10a, AGO10b and AGO5. On the basis of this phylogeny, we identified two novel AGO4 orthologs that Arabidopsis does not have, and redefined AGO10, which is composed of AGO10a and AGO10b. Finally, we propose a hypothetical evolutionary model of AGO proteins in plants. Our studies provide a deeper understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of AGO family members in the green lineage, which would help to further reveal their roles as RNAi effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zancong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingxi Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Simu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Beixin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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42
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Jin L, Chen M, Xiang M, Guo Z. RNAi-Based Antiviral Innate Immunity in Plants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020432. [PMID: 35216025 PMCID: PMC8875485 DOI: 10.3390/v14020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antiviral immunities were developed to defend against viral infection in hosts. RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and plays a vital role against all types of viruses. During the arms race between the host and virus, many viruses evolve viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to inhibit antiviral innate immunity. Here, we reviewed the mechanism at different stages in RNAi-based antiviral innate immunity in plants and the counteractions of various VSRs, mainly upon infection of RNA viruses in model plant Arabidopsis. Some critical challenges in the field were also proposed, and we think that further elucidating conserved antiviral innate immunity may convey a broad spectrum of antiviral strategies to prevent viral diseases in the future.
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43
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Zhao JH, Guo HS. RNA silencing: From discovery and elucidation to application and perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:476-498. [PMID: 34964265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing (or RNA interference, RNAi) is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. The discovery of natural trans-kingdom RNAi indicated that small RNAs act as signaling molecules and enable communication between organisms in different kingdoms. The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNAi are among the most exciting research topics. To better understand trans-kingdom RNAi, we review the history of the discovery and elucidation of RNAi mechanisms. Based on canonical RNAi mechanisms, we summarize the major points of divergence around RNAi pathways in the main eukaryotes' kingdoms, including plants, animals, and fungi. We review the representative incidents associated with the mechanisms and applications of trans-kingdom RNAi in crop protection, and discuss the critical factors that should be considered to develop successful trans-kingdom RNAi-based crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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44
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Zhou J, Zhang R, Jia X, Tang X, Guo Y, Yang H, Zheng X, Qian Q, Qi Y, Zhang Y. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated OsMIR168a knockout reveals its pleiotropy in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:310-322. [PMID: 34555252 PMCID: PMC8753357 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA168 (MIR168) is a key miRNA that targets the main RNA-induced silencing complex component Argonaute 1 (AGO1) to regulate plant growth and environmental stress responses. However, the regulatory functions of MIR168 need to be further elucidated in rice. In this paper, we generated clean OsMIR168a deletion mutants by CRISPR-Cas9 strategy. We then phenotypically and molecularly characterized these mutants. The rice OsMIR168a mutants grew rapidly at the seedling stage, produced more tillers and matured early. Compared to the wild-type plants, the mutants were shorter at maturity and produced smaller spikelets and seeds. Analysis of gene expression showed that the transcription levels of OsMIR168a's target genes such as OsAGO1a, OsAGO1b and OsAGO1d were elevated significantly in the OsMIR168a mutants. Intriguingly, OsAGO18, a member of a new AGO clade that is conserved in monocots, was confirmed to be a target of OsMIR168a not only by informatic prediction but also by expression analysis and a cell-based cleavage assay in the OsMIR168a mutants. Many protein-coding genes and miRNAs showed differential expression in the OsMIR168a mutants, suggesting OsMIR168a exerts a major transcriptional regulatory role, likely through its potential target genes such as OsAGO1s and OsAGO18. KEGG enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes pointed to OsMIR168a's involvement in important processes such as plant hormone signalling transduction and plant-pathogen interaction. These data collectively support that the complex regulation module of OsMIR168a-OsAGO1/OsAGO18-miRNAs-target genes contributes to agronomically important traits, which sheds light on miRNA-mediated crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yachong Guo
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Han Yang
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Liu C, Li N, Lu Z, Sun Q, Pang X, Xiang X, Deng C, Xiong Z, Shu K, Yang F, Hu Z. CG and CHG Methylation Contribute to the Transcriptional Control of OsPRR37-Output Genes in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:839457. [PMID: 35242159 PMCID: PMC8885545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.839457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant circadian clock coordinates endogenous transcriptional rhythms with diurnal changes of environmental cues. OsPRR37, a negative component in the rice circadian clock, reportedly regulates transcriptome rhythms, and agronomically important traits. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of OsPRR37-output genes remain largely unknown. In this study, whole genome bisulfite sequencing and high-throughput RNA sequencing were applied to verify the role of DNA methylation in the transcriptional control of OsPRR37-output genes. We found that the overexpression of OsPRR37 suppressed rice growth and altered cytosine methylations in CG and CHG sequence contexts in but not the CHH context (H represents A, T, or C). In total, 35 overlapping genes were identified, and 25 of them showed negative correlation between the methylation level and gene expression. The promoter of the hexokinase gene OsHXK1 was hypomethylated at both CG and CHG sites, and the expression of OsHXK1 was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the leaf starch content was consistently lower in OsPRR37 overexpression lines than in the recipient parent Guangluai 4. Further analysis with published data of time-course transcriptomes revealed that most overlapping genes showed peak expression phases from dusk to dawn. The genes involved in DNA methylation, methylation maintenance, and DNA demethylation were found to be actively expressed around dusk. A DNA glycosylase, namely ROS1A/DNG702, was probably the upstream candidate that demethylated the promoter of OsHXK1. Taken together, our results revealed that CG and CHG methylation contribute to the transcriptional regulation of OsPRR37-output genes, and hypomethylation of OsHXK1 leads to decreased starch content and reduced plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Liu,
| | - Na Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeping Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianxi Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhan Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhao Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengshuojian Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunxian Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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46
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Zhao S, Wu J. Rapid and Specific Purification of Argonaute-Small RNA Complexes from Rice for Slicer Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:139-147. [PMID: 34905198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Argonaute (AGO) proteins associate with small RNAs (sRNAs) to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The ribonuclease (slicer) activity of AGOs is required for the sRNA-complementary target cleavage, which is important for RISC-mediated RNA silencing, especially in plants. Sequencing small RNAs is an obvious choice to understand their expression and downstream effects. It also provides an opportunity to identify novel and polymorphic miRNAs. Recently, we have successfully reconstituted rice (Oryza sativa) AGO1a slicer assays in vitro that are able to recapitulate in vivo miRNA-guided cleavage activity. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the purification of OsAGO1a-sRNA complexes and further slicer assays, small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. This protocol can be readily adapted for the purification and subsequent analyses of the AGO complexes in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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47
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Wu R, Wu G, Wang L, Wang X, Liu Z, Li M, Tan W, Qing L. Tobacco curly shoot virus Down-Regulated the Expression of nbe-miR167b-3p to Facilitate Its Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:791561. [PMID: 34975814 PMCID: PMC8716884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) belongs to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, and causes leaf curling and curly shoot symptoms in tobacco and tomato crops. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal modulators of plant development and host-virus interactions. However, the relationship between TbCSV infection and miRNAs accumulation has not been well investigated. The present study was conducted to analyze different expressions of miRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana in response to the infection of TbCSV via small RNAs sequencing. The results showed that 15 up-regulated miRNAs and 12 down-regulated miRNAs were differentially expressed in TbCSV infected N. benthamiana, and nbe-miR167b-3p was down-regulated. To decipher the relationship between nbe-miR167b-3p expression and the accumulations of TbCSV DNA, pCVA mediation of miRNA overexpression and PVX based short tandem target mimic (STTM) were used in this study. It was found that overexpression of nbe-miR167b-3p attenuated leaf curling symptom of TbCSV and decreased viral DNA accumulation, but suppression of nbe-miR167b-3p expression enhanced the symptoms and accumulation of TbCSV. PRCP, the target gene of nbe-miR167b-3p, was silenced in plants using VIGS and this weakened the viral symptoms and DNA accumulation of TbCSV in the plants. Overall, this study clarified the effect of nbe-miR167b-3p on plant defense during TbCSV infection, and provided a framework to reveal the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gentu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lyuxin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanzhong Tan
- College of Tropical Crops Sciences, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Qing,
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48
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LaTourrette K, Holste NM, Garcia-Ruiz H. Polerovirus genomic variation. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab102. [PMID: 35299789 PMCID: PMC8923251 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The polerovirus (family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) genome consists of single-, positive-strand RNA organized in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that, in addition to others, code for protein 0 (P0, a gene silencing suppressor), a coat protein (CP, ORF3), and a read-through domain (ORF5) that is fused to the CP to form a CP-read-through (RT) protein. The genus Polerovirus contains twenty-six virus species that infect a wide variety of plants from cereals to cucurbits, to peppers. Poleroviruses are transmitted by a wide range of aphid species in the genera Rhopalosiphum, Stiobion, Aphis, and Myzus. Aphid transmission is mediated both by the CP and by the CP-RT. In viruses, mutational robustness and structural flexibility are necessary for maintaining functionality in genetically diverse sets of host plants and vectors. Under this scenario, within a virus genome, mutations preferentially accumulate in areas that are determinants of host adaptation or vector transmission. In this study, we profiled genomic variation in poleroviruses. Consistent with their multifunctional nature, single-nucleotide variation and selection analyses showed that ORFs coding for P0 and the read-through domain within the CP-RT are the most variable and contain the highest frequency of sites under positive selection. An order/disorder analysis showed that protein P0 is not disordered. In contrast, proteins CP-RT and virus protein genome-linked (VPg) contain areas of disorder. Disorder is a property of multifunctional proteins with multiple interaction partners. The results described here suggest that using contrasting mechanisms, P0, VPg, and CP-RT mediate adaptation to host plants and to vectors and are contributors to the broad host and vector range of poleroviruses. Profiling genetic variation across the polerovirus genome has practical applications in diagnostics, breeding for resistance, and identification of susceptibility genes and contributes to our understanding of virus interactions with their host, vectors, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LaTourrette
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Complex Biosystems Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2200 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Natalie M Holste
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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49
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Balassa K, Balassa G, Gondor OK, Janda T, Almási A, Rudnóy S. Changes in physiology, gene expression and ethylene biosynthesis in MDMV-infected sweet corn primed by small RNA pre-treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5568-5578. [PMID: 34588867 PMCID: PMC8459037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological condition of plants is significantly affected by viral infections. Viral proliferation occurs at the expense of the energy and protein stores in infected plant cells. At the same time, plants invest much of their remaining resources in the fight against infection, making them even less capable of normal growth processes. Thus, the slowdown in the development and growth processes of plants leads to a large-scale decrease in plant biomass and yields, which may be a perceptible problem even at the level of the national economy. One form of protection against viral infections is treatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, which can directly reduce the amount of virus that multiplies in plant cells by enhancing the process of highly conserved RNA interference in plants. The present work demonstrated how pre-treatment with siRNA may provide protection against MDMV (Maize dwarf mosaic virus) infection in sweet corn (Zea mays cv. saccharata var. Honey Koern). In addition to monitoring the physiological condition of the maize plants, the accumulation of the virus in young leaves was examined, parallel, with changes in the plant RNA interference system and the ethylene (ET) biosynthetic pathway. The siRNA pre-treatment activated the plant antiviral defence system, thus significantly reducing viral RNA and coat protein levels in the youngest leaves of the plants. The lower initial amount of virus meant a weaker stress load, which allowed the plants to devote more energy to their growth and development. In contrast, small RNA pre-treatment did not initially have a significant effect on the ET biosynthetic pathway, but later a significant decrease was observed both in the level of transcription of genes responsible for ET production and, in the amount of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) metabolite. The significantly better physiological condition, enhanced RNAi response and lower quantity of virus particles in siRNA pretreated plants, suggested that siRNA pre-treatment stimulated the antiviral defence mechanisms in MDMV infected plants. In addition, the consistently lower ACC content of the plants pre-treated with siRNA suggest that ET does not significantly contribute to the successful defence in this maize hybrid type against MDMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Balassa
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Balassa
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Asztéria Almási
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Rudnóy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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50
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Wang Y, Gong Q, Wu Y, Huang F, Ismayil A, Zhang D, Li H, Gu H, Ludman M, Fátyol K, Qi Y, Yoshioka K, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Hong Y, Liu Y. A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1393-1406.e7. [PMID: 34352216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an across-kingdom gene regulatory and defense mechanism. However, little is known about how organisms sense initial cues to mobilize RNAi. Here, we show that wounding to Nicotiana benthamiana cells during virus intrusion activates RNAi-related gene expression through calcium signaling. A rapid wound-induced elevation in calcium fluxes triggers calmodulin-dependent activation of calmodulin-binding transcription activator-3 (CAMTA3), which activates RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-6 and Bifunctional nuclease-2 (BN2) transcription. BN2 stabilizes mRNAs encoding key components of RNAi machinery, notably AGONAUTE1/2 and DICER-LIKE1, by degrading their cognate microRNAs. Consequently, multiple RNAi genes are primed for combating virus invasion. Calmodulin-, CAMTA3-, or BN2-knockdown/knockout plants show increased susceptibility to geminivirus, cucumovirus, and potyvirus. Notably, Geminivirus V2 protein can disrupt the calmodulin-CAMTA3 interaction to counteract RNAi defense. These findings link Ca2+ signaling to RNAi and reveal versatility of host antiviral defense and viral counter-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Asigul Ismayil
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huangai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanqing Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Márta Ludman
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Károly Fátyol
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Yijun Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Linda Hanley-Bowdoin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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