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Sitaram RT, Ljungberg B. Expression of HIF‑α and their association with clinicopathological parameters in clinical renal cell carcinoma. Ups J Med Sci 2024; 129:9407. [PMID: 38571885 PMCID: PMC10989218 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v129.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the cellular localization and expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -α proteins (specifically HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α) that play a role in the hypoxia pathway and to determine their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods Tissue microarray (TMA) with cores from 150 clear cell RCCs and 31 non-ccRCC samples. HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of TMA to evaluate the cellular localization and expression levels of HIF-α proteins, specifically in relation to the hypoxia pathway. Results The expression levels of the HIF-α proteins were higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the nuclear expression levels of all HIF-α proteins were significantly higher in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) than in non-ccRCC. Cytoplasmic HIF-3α expression was also higher in ccRCC than in non-ccRCC, whereas cytoplasmic HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression levels were similar between the different RCC types. In ccRCC, nuclear HIF-1α expression levels correlated with both nuclear HIF-2α and HIF-3α levels, whereas cytoplasmic HIF-3α expression levels were associated with HIF-1α only.In non-ccRCC, there was a positive correlation observed between nuclear HIF-1α and HIF-3α expression, but no correlation was found with HIF-2α. In patients with ccRCC, the nuclear expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-3α was significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) in univariate analysis. This association was no longer evident in multivariate analysis. Notably, there was no correlation observed between nuclear HIF-2α expression and CSS in these patients. In contrast, cytoplasmic expression levels showed no association with CSS. Conclusion The expression levels of the three primary HIF-α proteins were found to be higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the results indicated that HIF-3α and HIF-1α expression levels were significant univariate factors associated with CSS in patients with clear cell RCC. These results highlight the critical role that HIF-3α and HIF-1α play in the hypoxia pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Mirzaei S, Ranjbar B, Tackallou SH, Aref AR. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in breast cancer: The crosstalk with oncogenic and onco-suppressor factors in regulation of cancer hallmarks. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154676. [PMID: 37454494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen level at tumor microenvironment leads to a condition, known as hypoxia that is implicated in cancer progression. Upon hypoxia, HIF-1α undergoes activation and due to its oncogenic function and interaction with other molecular pathways, promotes tumor progression. The HIF-1α role in regulating breast cancer progression is described, Overall, HIF-1α has upregulation in breast tumor and due to its tumor-promoting function, its upregulation is in favor of breast tumor progression. HIF-1α overexpression prevents apoptosis in breast tumor and it promotes cell cycle progression. Silencing HIF-1α triggers cycle arrest and decreases growth. Migration of breast tumor enhances by HIF-1α signaling and it mainly induces EMT in providing metastasis. HIF-1α upregulation stimulates drug resistance and radio-resistance in breast tumor. Furthermore, HIF-1α signaling induces immune evasion of breast cancer. Berberine and pharmacological intervention suppress HIF-1α signaling in breast tumor and regulation of HIF-1α by non-coding RNAs occurs. Furthermore, HIF-1α is a biomarker in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Norda S, Papadantonaki R. Regulation of cells of the arterial wall by hypoxia and its role in the development of atherosclerosis. VASA 2023; 52:6-21. [PMID: 36484144 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell's response to hypoxia depends on stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). HIF target gene transcription in cells resident to atherosclerotic lesions adjoins a complex interplay of cytokines and mediators of inflammation affecting cholesterol uptake, migration, and inflammation. Maladaptive activation of the HIF-pathway and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B causes monocytes to invade early atherosclerotic lesions, maintaining inflammation and aggravating a low-oxygen environment. Meanwhile HIF-dependent upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 causes attenuation of cholesterol efflux and ultimately macrophages becoming foam cells. Hypoxia facilitates neovascularization by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells lining the arterial wall destabilizing the plaque. HIF-knockout animal models and inhibitor studies were able to show beneficial effects on atherogenesis by counteracting the HIF-pathway in the cell wall. In this review the authors elaborate on the up-to-date literature on regulation of cells of the arterial wall through activation of HIF-1α and its effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Norda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Rosa Papadantonaki
- Emergency Department, West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Zhu H, Zhang X, Xu S, Wu J, Hou M, Zhao H, Zhou Q, Zhong X. Gene duplication, conservation, and divergence of activating transcription factor 5 gene in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:301-313. [PMID: 35226401 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (Atf5) is a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors and involved in diverse cellular functions and diseases in mammals. However, the function of atf5 remains largely unknown in fish. Here, we report the expression pattern and function of duplicated atf5 genes in zebrafish. The results showed that the gene structures of zebrafish atf5a and atf5b were similar to their mammalian orthologs. Zebrafish Atf5a and Atf5b shared an amino acid sequence identity of 40.7%. Zebrafish atf5a and atf5b had maternal origin with dynamic expression during embryonic development. Zebrafish atf5a mRNA is mainly enriched in olfactory epithelium, midbrain, and hindbrain, while zebrafish atf5b mRNA is mainly detected in midbrain, hindbrain, and liver during embryogenesis. The results of acute hypoxia experiment showed that atf5a mRNA was significantly upregulated in the brain, liver, and muscle, while atf5b mRNA was just increased significantly in the brain. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of atf5a affects the development of the ciliated neurons in zebrafish embryos. The effect was enhanced when atf5a MO was co-injected with atf5b MO. The development of ciliated neurons in zebrafish embryos was not affected by injection of atf5b MO alone. atf5a knockdown also affects the development of early-born olfactory neurons. The effects caused by atf5a knockdown could be rescued by atf5b mRNA. These results suggest that the duplicated atf5 genes may have evolved divergently and play redundant biological roles in the development of olfactory sensory neurons in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shifan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Cai X, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Liao Q, Zhang D, Liu X, Wang J, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Zebrafish Hif3α modulates erythropoiesis via regulation of gata1 to facilitate hypoxia tolerance. Development 2020; 147:226111. [PMID: 33037038 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α) are master regulators of the cellular response to O2. In addition to HIF1α and HIF2α, HIF3α is another identified member of the HIFα family. Even though the question of whether some HIF3α isoforms have transcriptional activity or repressive activity is still under debate, it is evident that the full length of HIF3α acts as a transcription factor. However, its function in hypoxia signaling is largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of hif3 a in zebrafish reduced hypoxia tolerance. Further assays indicated that erythrocyte number was decreased because red blood cell maturation was impeded by hif3 a disruption. We found that gata1 expression was downregulated in hif3 a null zebrafish, as were several hematopoietic marker genes, including alas2, band3, hbae1, hbae3 and hbbe1 Hif3α recognized the hypoxia response element located in the promoter of gata1 and directly bound to the promoter to transactivate gata1 expression. Our results suggested that hif3 a facilities hypoxia tolerance by modulating erythropoiesis via gata1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China .,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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6
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Hypoxia Pathway Proteins are Master Regulators of Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218131. [PMID: 33143240 PMCID: PMC7662373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex process driving the production of red blood cells. During homeostasis, adult erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow and is tightly controlled by erythropoietin (EPO), a central hormone mainly produced in renal EPO-producing cells. The expression of EPO is strictly regulated by local changes in oxygen partial pressure (pO2) as under-deprived oxygen (hypoxia); the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-2 induces EPO. However, erythropoiesis regulation extends beyond the well-established hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-EPO axis and involves processes modulated by other hypoxia pathway proteins (HPPs), including proteins involved in iron metabolism. The importance of a number of these factors is evident as their altered expression has been associated with various anemia-related disorders, including chronic kidney disease. Eventually, our emerging understanding of HPPs and their regulatory feedback will be instrumental in developing specific therapies for anemic patients and beyond.
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7
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Tolonen JP, Heikkilä M, Malinen M, Lee HM, Palvimo JJ, Wei GH, Myllyharju J. A long hypoxia-inducible factor 3 isoform 2 is a transcription activator that regulates erythropoietin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3627-3642. [PMID: 31768607 PMCID: PMC7452874 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an αβ dimer, is the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis with hundreds of hypoxia-inducible target genes. Three HIF isoforms differing in the oxygen-sensitive α subunit exist in vertebrates. While HIF-1 and HIF-2 are known transcription activators, HIF-3 has been considered a negative regulator of the hypoxia response pathway. However, the human HIF3A mRNA is subject to complex alternative splicing. It was recently shown that the long HIF-3α variants can form αβ dimers that possess transactivation capacity. Here, we show that overexpression of the long HIF-3α2 variant induces the expression of a subset of genes, including the erythropoietin (EPO) gene, while simultaneous downregulation of all HIF-3α variants by siRNA targeting a shared HIF3A region leads to downregulation of EPO and additional genes. EPO mRNA and protein levels correlated with HIF3A silencing and HIF-3α2 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that HIF-3α2 binding associated with canonical hypoxia response elements in the promoter regions of EPO. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the identified HIF-3α2 chromatin-binding regions were sufficient to promote transcription by all three HIF-α isoforms. Based on these data, HIF-3α2 is a transcription activator that directly regulates EPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi-Pekka Tolonen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Heikkilä
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Malinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hang-Mao Lee
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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8
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Kamei H. Oxygen and embryonic growth: the role of insulin-like growth factor signaling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113473. [PMID: 32247621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is indispensable for the efficient release of chemical energy from nutrient molecules in cells. Therefore, the local oxygen tension is one of the most critical factors affecting physiological processes. In most viviparous species, many pathological conditions result in abnormal oxygen tension in the uterus, which modifies the growth and development of the fetus. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF/Igf) is one of the most important hormones for the regulation of somatic growth in animals. Changes in oxygen levels modulate the activity of the IGF/Igf signaling system, which in turn regulates the embryonic growth rate. In general, there are serious difficulties associated with monitoring and studying rodent embryos in utero. The zebrafish is a convenient experimental model to study the relationship between embryonic growth and environmental conditions. Most importantly, the fish model makes it possible to rapidly evaluate embryonic growth and development under entirely controlled environments without interfering with the mother organism. In this review, firstly an overview is given of the fluctuation of environmental oxygen, the IGF-system, and the advantages of the zebrafish model for studying embryonic growth. Then, the relationships of dynamic environmental oxygen and embryonic growth rate are outlined with a specific focus on the changes in the IGF/Igf-system in the zebrafish model. This review will shed light on the fine-tuning mechanisms of the embryonic IGF/Igf-system under different oxygen levels, including constant normoxia, hypoxia, and re-oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Kamei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, 11-4-1, Ossaka, Noto, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan.
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9
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Duan C, Allard J. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron development in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113465. [PMID: 32184073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are master regulators of the reproductive axis in vertebrates. During early mammalian embryogenesis, GnRH1 neurons emerge in the nasal/olfactory placode. These neurons undertake a long-distance migration, moving from the nose to the preoptic area and hypothalamus. While significant advances have been made in understanding the functional importance of the GnRH1 neurons in reproduction, where GnRH1 neurons come from and how are they specified during early development is still under debate. In addition to the GnRH1 gene, most vertebrate species including humans have one or two additional GnRH genes. Compared to the GnRH1 neurons, much less is known about the development and regulation of GnRH2 neuron and GnRH3 neurons. The objective of this article is to review what is currently known about GnRH neuron development. We will survey various cell autonomous and non-autonomous factors implicated in the regulation of GnRH neuron development. Finally, we will discuss emerging tools and new approaches to resolve open questions pertaining to GnRH neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - John Allard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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10
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Hung IC, Chen TM, Lin JP, Tai YL, Shen TL, Lee SJ. Wnt5b integrates Fak1a to mediate gastrulation cell movements via Rac1 and Cdc42. Open Biol 2020; 10:190273. [PMID: 32097584 PMCID: PMC7058935 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates vital cellular pathways during development. Despite its necessity, how FAK regulates and integrates with other signals during early embryogenesis remains poorly understood. We found that the loss of Fak1a impaired epiboly, convergent extension and hypoblast cell migration in zebrafish embryos. We also observed a clear disturbance in cortical actin at the blastoderm margin and distribution of yolk syncytial nuclei. In addition, we investigated a possible link between Fak1a and a well-known gastrulation regulator, Wnt5b, and revealed that the overexpression of fak1a or wnt5b could cross-rescue convergence defects induced by a wnt5b or fak1a antisense morpholino (MO), respectively. Wnt5b and Fak1a were shown to converge in regulating Rac1 and Cdc42, which could synergistically rescue wnt5b and fak1a morphant phenotypes. Furthermore, we generated several alleles of fak1a mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, but those mutants only revealed mild gastrulation defects. However, injection of a subthreshold level of the wnt5b MO induced severe gastrulation defects in fak1a mutants, which suggested that the upregulated expression of wnt5b might complement the loss of Fak1a. Collectively, we demonstrated that a functional interaction between Wnt and FAK signalling mediates gastrulation cell movements via the possible regulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and subsequent actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Hou ZS, Wen HS, Li JF, He F, Li Y, Qi X. Environmental hypoxia causes growth retardation, osteoclast differentiation and calcium dyshomeostasis in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135272. [PMID: 31841926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia generally refers to a dissolved oxygen (DO) level that is less than 2-3 mg/L. With ongoing global warming and environment pollution, environmental or geological studies showed hypoxia frequently occurs in global aquatic systems including ocean, river, estuaries and coasts. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate hypoxia tolerant of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with parameters of mortality, behavior, endocrine and metabolite, identifying three DO levels including normoxia (Ctrl, 7.0 mg/L), non-lethal hypoxia (NH, 4.5 mg/L) and lethal hypoxia (LH, 3.0 mg/L). Furthermore, trout was treated by Ctrl, NH and LH for six hours to mimic the acute hypoxia in wild and/or farming conditions. A significantly higher mortality was observed in LH group. Trout of NH and LH showed stressful responses with unnormal swimming, increased serum cortisol and up-regulated gill hif1α transcription. Despite trout of NH and LH increased the oxygen delivery abilities by increasing the serum hemoglobin levels, the anerobic metabolism were inevitably observed with increased lactate. This study also showed a prolonged influence of NH and LH on growth after 30-days' recovery. Based on RNA-Seq data, different expression genes (DEGs) associated with stress, apoptosis, antioxidant, chaperone, growth, calcium and vitamin D metabolism were identified. Enrichment analysis showed DEGs were clustered in osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis and intracellular signaling transduction pathways. Results further showed NH and LH significantly decreased bone calcium content and disrupted the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis. Our study might contribute to a better understanding of the effects of hypoxia on rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
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12
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Liu C, Xin Y, Bai Y, Lewin G, He G, Mai K, Duan C. Ca 2+ concentration-dependent premature death of igfbp5a-/- fish reveals a critical role of IGF signaling in adaptive epithelial growth. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/548/eaat2231. [PMID: 30228225 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype gap is a challenge for genetically dissecting redundant endocrine signaling pathways, such as the six isoforms in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family. Although overexpressed IGFBPs can inhibit or potentiate IGF actions or have IGF-independent actions, mutant mice lacking IGFBP-encoding genes do not exhibit major phenotypes. We found that although zebrafish deficient in igfbp5a did not show overt phenotypes when raised in Ca2+-rich solutions, they died prematurely in low Ca2+ conditions. A group of epithelial cells expressing igfbp5a take up Ca2+ and proliferate under low Ca2+ conditions because of activation of IGF signaling. Deletion of igfbp5a blunted low Ca2+ stress-induced IGF signaling and impaired adaptive proliferation. Reintroducing zebrafish Igfbp5a, but not its ligand binding-deficient mutant, restored adaptive proliferation. Similarly, adaptive proliferation was restored in zebrafish lacking igfbp5a by expression of human IGFBP5, but not two cancer-associated IGFBP5 mutants. Knockdown of IGFBP5 in human colon carcinoma cells resulted in reduced IGF-stimulated cell proliferation. These results reveal a conserved mechanism by which a locally expressed Igfbp regulates organismal Ca2+ homeostasis and survival by activating IGF signaling in epithelial cells and promoting their proliferation in Ca2+-deficient states. These findings underscore the importance of physiological context when analyzing loss-of-function phenotypes of endocrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Education Ministry of China and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grant Lewin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gen He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Education Ministry of China and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Education Ministry of China and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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Yao Q, Zhang P, Lu L, Liu Y, Li Y, Duan C. Nuclear localization of Hif-3α requires two redundant NLS motifs in its unique C-terminal region. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2769-2775. [PMID: 30047986 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hif-3α, a member of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family, enters the nucleus and regulates gene expression in response to hypoxia. The molecular basis of its nuclear localization is not clear. HIF-1α and HIF-2α use a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) to enter the nucleus. This motif is not conserved in Hif-3α. Although there is a conserved Arg/Lys rich motif in the Hif-3α N-terminal region, deletion of this region has minimal effect on Hif-3α nuclear localization. Here, we mapped the functional NLS to the unique C-terminal region of Hif-3α and identified two clusters of basic residues critical for its nuclear localization. The two NLS motifs are functionally redundant. Our results, thus, suggest that Hif-3α nuclear localization is mediated through two redundant NLS motifs located in its unique C-terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhang Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Liu Z, Zhao X, Jiang X, Zou S. Transcription of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) HIF3α and its localization in the nucleus under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:443-449. [PMID: 29660343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and 2α function as master regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia, the function of HIF3α and its responses to hypoxic stress remain unclear in teleost fish. Here, we characterized the HIF3α cDNA in hypoxia-sensitive blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), with 3059 bp length, consisting of an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 643 amino acid residues. Blunt snout bream HIF3α mRNA was stably expressed during stages of embryonic development and in adult tissues. After a 4 h hypoxia stress, HIF3α mRNA of the juvenile fish was significantly upregulated in the liver, brain, and kidney, and restored to the pretreatment levels after a 24 h recovery. When tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and transfected into cultured HeLa cells, blunt snout bream HIF3α was mainly distributed in the nucleus under normoxia. Treatment of the cells with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxic conditions showed that there was no effect about the nuclear localization of HIF3α but a statistically significant increase in HIF3α protein levels. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence at the C-terminus of HIF3α may exert positive effects in the process of nuclear localization. These results suggest that blunt snout bream HIF3α could be involved in different physiological functions under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Liu
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiayun Jiang
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Shuming Zou
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Huchenghuan Road 999, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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15
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Cuomo F, Coppola A, Botti C, Maione C, Forte A, Scisciola L, Liguori G, Caiafa I, Ursini MV, Galderisi U, Cipollaro M, Altucci L, Cobellis G. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate hypoxia-inducible factor 3α via epigenetic changes in mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5842. [PMID: 29643458 PMCID: PMC5895792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs) emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for ischemic disorders, due to their ability to regenerate damaged tissues, promote angiogenesis and reduce inflammation, leading to encouraging, but still limited results. The outcomes in clinical trials exploring hMSC therapy are influenced by low cell retention and survival in affected tissues, partially influenced by lesion's microenvironment, where low oxygen conditions (i.e. hypoxia) and inflammation coexist. Hypoxia and inflammation are pathophysiological stresses, sharing common activators, such as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and NF-κB. HIF1α and HIF2α respond essentially to hypoxia, activating pathways involved in tissue repair. Little is known about the regulation of HIF3α. Here we investigated the role of HIF3α in vitro and in vivo. Human MSCs expressed HIF3α, differentially regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in an oxygen-independent manner, a novel and still uncharacterized mechanism, where NF-κB is critical for its expression. We investigated if epigenetic modifications are involved in HIF3α expression by methylation-specific PCR and histone modifications. Robust hypermethylation of histone H3 was observed across HIF3A locus driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Experiments in a murine model of arteriotomy highlighted the activation of Hif3α expression in infiltrated inflammatory cells, suggesting a new role for Hif3α in inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Botti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santobono, Via M. Fiore 6, 80129, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maione
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Forte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Struttura Complessa Oncologia Medica Melanoma Immunoterapia Oncologica e Terapia Innovativa, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caiafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Valeria Ursini
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, 'A. Buzzati-Traverso' (IGB), via P. Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Cipollaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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16
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Abstract
Zebrafish has emerged as an informative animal model to study the biological impact and molecular mechanisms of hypoxia. Here we describe a simple method to induce hypoxia in zebrafish embryos and larvae. This protocol is easy and reproducible and does not require expensive equipment or specialized devices. It can be adapted in large, medium, and small scales. This protocol is also well-suited for experiments requiring chemical drug treatment and can be applied to other fish and amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Kamei
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Noto, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Kim H, Greenald D, Vettori A, Markham E, Santhakumar K, Argenton F, van Eeden F. Zebrafish as a model for von Hippel Lindau and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 138:497-523. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Ma D, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Meng A, Liu F. The rising zebrafish research in China: Meeting report of the 3rd Chinese Zebrafish Principal Investigator Meeting & the Inaugural Meeting of China Zebrafish Society. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:617-620. [PMID: 27769691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, China Zebrafish Resource Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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